RPM Package Manager Guide: 15 Commands to Install, Uninstall, Upgrade & Manage Packages

Red Hat
Package
Manager
RPM
1

What is RPM?
• RPM stands for
Red Hat Package Manager.
• RPM command is used for installing,
uninstalling, upgrading, querying,
listing, and checking RPM packages
on your Linux system.
2

What is RPM?
• With root privilege, you can use the
rpm command with appropriate
options to manage the RPM
software packages.
3

What is RPM?
• The Red Hat Package Manager (RPM)
is a toolset used to build and
manage software packages on UNIX
systems.
• Distributed with the Red Hat Linux
distribution and its derivatives, RPM
also works on any UNIX as it is open
source.
4

What is RPM?
• Package management is rather
simple in its principles, though it can
be tricky in its implementations.
• Briefly, it means the managed
installation of software, managing
installed software, and the removal
of software packages from a system
in a simplified manner.
5

What is RPM?
• RPM arose out of the needs to do this
effectively, and no other meaningful
solution was available.
• RPM uses a proprietary file format,
unlike some other UNIX software
package managers.
6

What is RPM?
• The naming scheme of RPM files is
itself a standardized convention.
• RPMs have the format (name)-
(version)-(build).(platform).rpm.
• For example, the name cat-2.4-
7.i386.rpm would mean an RPM for the
utility "cat" version 2.4, build 7 for the
x86.
7

Why Package
Management...?
• At first glance you may say to
yourself, "I can manage this myself.
It's not that many components ..." In
fact, for something as small as, say,
cat, which has one executable and
one man page, this may be so.
8

Why Package
Management...?
• But consider, say, KDE, which has a
mountain of components,
dependencies, and likes to stick
them everywhere.
• Keeping track of it all would be tough,
if not impossible.
9

Why Package
Management...?
• Package management makes it all
easier. By letting a program maintain
the information about the binaries,
their configuration files, and
everything else about them, you can
identify which ones are installed,
remove them easily or upgrade them
readily, as well.
10

Why Package
Management...?
• Installation becomes a snap.
• You select what you want, and ask the
system to take care of the dirty work for
you.
• Unpack the program, ensure that there
is space, place things in the right order,
and set them up for you. It's great, it's
like having a valet take care of your car
when you go to a restaurant.
11

Why Package
Management...?
• Dependencies, or additional
requirements for a software package,
are also managed seamlessly by a
good package manager.
12

Why Package
Management...?
• Management of installed packages is
also greatly facilitated by a good
package management system.
• It keeps a full list of software
installed, which is useful to see if you
have something installed. More
importantly, it makes upgrading a
breeze.
13

Why Package
Management...?
• Lastly, this makes verification of a
software package quite easy to do.
• By knowing what packages are
installed, and what the properties of
the components are, you can quickly
diagnose a problem and hopefully
fix it quickly.
14

Installation Using RPM
• This is the most basic RPM function,
and one of the most popular: the
installation of new software
packages using RPM. To do this, give
rpm the -i flag and point it to an
RPM:
# rpm -i (package)
15

• If all goes well and send you back to
a command prompt without any
messages.
• Use the -v flag to turn on some
verbosity:
# rpm -iv (package)
16

• All that gets printed out is the package
name, but no statistics on the
progress or what it did. You can get a
hash marked output of the progress is
you use the -h flag. People seem to like
using -ivh together to get a "pretty"
output:
# rpm -ivh (package)
17

• For example, In the MySQL-client-
3.23.57-1.i386.rpm file:
MySQL-client – Package Name
3.23.57 – Version
1 – Release
i386 – Architecture
18

1) The following rpm command installs
Mysql client package.
# rpm -ivh MySQL-client-3.23.57-
1.i386.rpm
Preparing...####################################
[100%]
1:MySQL-client ############################## [100%]
19

rpm command and options
• -i : install a package
• -v : verbose
• -h : print hash marks as the
package archive is unpacked.
20

• Sometimes RPM will whine (complain)
about a dependency which is installed
but isn't registered. Perhaps you
installed it not using an RPM for the
package (ie OpenSSL). To get
around this, you can force it to ignore
dependencies:
# rpm -ivv --nodeps (package)
21

• On rare occassion RPM will mess up
and insist that you have a package
installed when you don't. While this is
usually a sign that something is
amiss, it can be worked around. Just
force the installation:
• # rpm -ivv --force (package)
22

2) Query all the RPM Packages using
rpm –qa
• -q query operation
• -a queries all installed packages
23

• To identify whether a particular rpm
package is installed on your system,
combine rpm and grep command as
shown below. Following command
checks whether cdrecord package is
installed on your system.
# rpm -qa | grep 'cdrecord'
24

3) Query a Particular RPM Package
using rpm -q
• The above example lists all
currently installed package. After
installation of a package to check the
installation, you can query a
particular package and verify as
shown below:
25

4) Query RPM Packages in a various
format using rpm –queryformat
• Rpm command provides an option –
queryformat, which allows you to
give the header tag names, to list the
packages. Enclose the header tag
with in {}.
27

5) Which RPM package does a file belong
to? – Use rpm –qf
• Let us say, you have list of files and you
would want to know which package
owns all these files. rpm command has
options to achieve this.
• The following example shows that
/usr/bin/mysqlaccess file is part of the
MySQL-client-3.23.57-1 rpm.
29

6) Locate documentation of a package
that owns file using rpm –qdf
• Use the following to know the list of
documentations, for a package that
owns a file. The following command,
gives the location of all the manual
pages related to mysql package.
31

7) Information about Installed RPM
Package using rpm -qi
• rpm command provides a lot of
information about an installed
pacakge using rpm -qi as shown
below:
33

• If you have an RPM file that you
would like to install, but want to
know more information about it
before installing, you can do the
following:
35

-i : view information about an rpm
-p : specify a package name
37

8) List all the Files in a Package using
rpm –qlp
• To list the content of a RPM
package, use the following
command, which will list out the files
without extracting into the local
directory folder.
38

9) List the Dependency Packages
using rpm –qRP
40

10) Find out the state of files in a
package using rpm –qsp
The following command is to find
state (installed, replaced or normal)
for all the files in a RPM package.
41

11)Verify a Particular RPM Package
using rpm –Vp
Verifying a package compares
information about the installed files
in the package with information
about the files taken from the
package metadata stored in the rpm
database.
43

• 12. Verify a Package Owning file
using rpm -Vf
• The following command verify the
package which owns the given
filename.
46

• 13. Upgrading a RPM Package
using rpm –Uvh
• RPM automatically un-installs
existing versions of the package
before installing the new one. If an old
version of the package is not found,
the upgrade option will still install it.
47

14. Uninstalling a RPM Package
using rpm -e
• To remove an installed rpm package
using -e as shown below. After
uninstallation, you can query using
rpm -qa and verify the uninstallation.
49

15. Verifying all the RPM Packages
using rpm -Va
• The following command verifies all
the installed packages.
50

Bibliography
1) http://linuxgazette.net/68/nazario.html
2) http://www.thegeekstuff.com/2010/07/r
pm-command-examples/
3) http://linuxtutorial.info/modules.php?
name=Howto&pagename=RPM-
HOWTO/intro.html

RPM Package Manager Guide: 15 Commands to Install, Uninstall, Upgrade & Manage Packages

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RPM Package Manager Guide: 15 Commands to Install, Uninstall, Upgrade & Manage Packages