2. Muhammad Awais Ali UW-11-EE-BSc-12 Sikandar sittar UW-11-EE-BSc-76 Faraz Hussain UW-11-EE-BSc-64 Ali Raza UW-11-EE-BSc-08 Saac Aurangzab UW-10-EE-BSc-50 Group Members

3. Topic Optical Fiber Communication

7. Advantages of Optical Communications 1) Extremely wide system bandwidth - up to 10 GHz is possible 2) Immunity to EMI - such as lightning, electric motors, fluorescent lights 3) Virtual elimination of cross-talk 4) Lower signal attenuation than other propagation systems

8. Advantages of Optical Communications 5) Lighter weight and smaller size 6) Lower cost 7) Conversion of the earth’s resources - principal ingredient in glass is sand which is cheap and virtually unlimited supply 8) Safety - no hazard of short circuits nor spark will exist in optical fiber

18. Fiber construction

22. Propagation modes

24. Modes

25. Fiber types

26. LOSSES OF POWER 1.Power Loss By Scattering And Absorption. 2.Power Loss Due To The Dispertion Or Scattering

27. Any Question ??????