Free and Open Source GIS

FOSS GIS

Open Source Software for
Geographic information
stystem (GIS)
Jachym Cepicky

• Help Service - Remote Sensing
• http://bnhelp.cz

Jachym Cepicky, jachym@hsrs.cz

FOSS GIS

• Help Service - Remote Sensing s.r.o.
• Member of GRASS GIS
http://grass.osge.org development team
• Founder and developer of PyWPS
http://pywps.wald.intevation.org


FOSS GIS

GIS - "Maps in the computer"
GIS is a system designed to capture, store, manipulate,
analyze, manage, and present all types of geographical
data.


FOSS GIS

Standards and formats of geo-data
nad data transfare
Two types of geodata representation is used raster a
vector


FOSS GIS

Raster
suitable for description of data with continuous change
(digital elevation model, temperatures, ...) - data
without clear borders

JPEG, GeoTIFF (TIFF, PNG, GIF, MrSid, ...), databases
(Oracle-spatial, PostGIS, ...)


FOSS GIS

Vector
suitable for descriptio of discrete types of data (streets,
parcels, sensors, ...)

ESRI Shapefile, GML, KML, GPX, ..., databases
(Oracle-spatial, PostGIS, Spatial-lite, couch-db, ...)


FOSS GIS

Standards for data transfer

• Geodata do usually have big volumes (n*GB)
(example aerial photos
digital elevation model, cadaster data, ...), but
small volumes as well (GPS track in GPX).
• Data can be often updated data (sensor position -
car tracking)
or sometimes updated (aerial photos).
• For their transfer, media with large capacity must be
used (no problem nowadays).
• Widely accepted standards for data transfer across
computer networks (internet) are defined: OGC Open
Web Services


FOSS GIS

Open Geospatial Consortium

• OGC: http://opengeospatial.org
• Open standards for GIS
• Payed mambership
• OGC Open Web Services (OWS)


FOSS GIS

OGC Open Web Services
Task:
Transfer data from the server to the client
Client:
Web browser, desktop program, mobile device, robot, ...
Types of geodata

• Raster
• Vector
• Image
• ...


FOSS GIS

All standards do share

• They are XML-based
• GetCapabilites request - returns back document
with service metadata description


FOSS GIS

OGC Web Map Service
With help of OGC WMS, server and client will "agree" on
image - the map - which client wants to get and server is
able to provide. Some request parameters:


FOSS GIS

• service - WMS
• request - GetMap
• version - 1.3.0
• layers - forest,traffic
• bbox - 49,15,51,17
• crs - EPSG:4326
• width - 800
• height - 600
• format - image/png
http://gis.bnhelp.cz/ows/crtopo?service=wms&request=getmap&versi
In this case (WMS), no geodata are returned back - just
their "picture".


FOSS GIS

OGC Web Feature Service
With help of OGC WFS standard, raw vector data in defined
encoding are returned back. There is also WFS-T variant,
which enables direct data manipulation on the server
(vector data editing).

• service - WFS
• request - GetFeature
• typename - NUTS1
• version - 1.1.0
http://gis.bnhelp.cz/ows/crwfs?service=wfs&request=getfeature&type
Server returns back real data


FOSS GIS

OGC Web Coverage Service
With help of OGC WCS raster geodata are transfered - aerial
photos, digital elevation model, multi-band satelite images,
...

• service - WCS
• version - 1.0.0
• request - getcoverage
• coverage -
OMAERUVd:FinalAerosolAbsOpticalDepth500
• crs - epsg:4326
• bbox - 14,49,17,51
• heigh - 600
• width - 800


FOSS GIS

http://acdisc.sci.gsfc.nasa.gov/daac-bin/wcsL3?service=WCS&version=
Server sends back to the client real raster data


FOSS GIS

OGC OWS Conclusion

• http://opengeospatial.org/standards
• OGC WMS - maps
• OGC WCS - rasters
• OGC WFS - vectors
• OGC WPS - processes, calculations
• OGC SOS - sensors
• OGC CS-W - metadata
• GML, KML,
• SLD
• Simple Feature
• ...


FOSS GIS

Infrastructure for Spatial
Information in the European
Community - INSPIRE
• INSPIRE (INfrastructure for SPatial InfoRmation in
Europe)
• http://inspire.gov.cz/
• EU Comission initiative, directive 2007/2/EC
• Build common European spatial data infrastracture


FOSS GIS

• Geodata harmonisation

• Coordinate reference systems
• Cadaster maps
• Thematic data (geology, land planning,
pedology, ...)
• Building of national geoportals, which will work as
central point of data search across all state institutions
and communication point to the European geoportal.
• Metadata


FOSS GIS


FOSS GIS

• INSPIRE builds on top of OGC standards

• Download Service - WCS, WFS
• View Service - WMS
• Transformation Service
• Discovery - CS-W


FOSS GIS

What does it mean to Open Source?
• Using Open Source programs, we have to make sure,
they are supporting OGC Standards.
• We have to make also sure, INSPIRE directive can be
done with help of those tools


FOSS GIS

GIS on the desktop: Data, analysis,
cartography
• Programs are running on user's desktop
• Usually, they have some analytical modules with
algorithms for complex data analysis: Weather
modelling, flood wave spread, digital elevation model
interpolation, isolines derivation, shortest path
calculations, ...
• Data and GIS it self are on the same computer


FOSS GIS

QGIS


FOSS GIS

• http://qgis.org
• geodata viewer + some analytical functions (also GUI to
GRASS GIS)
• Windows, Linux (UNIX), MacOS
• Usage of QGIS in public administration:
http://qgis.org/en/community/qgis-case-studies.html

• QGIS in the governmental FOSSGIS stack of
the Canton of Solothurn in Switzerland
• QGIS - an interesting instrument for forestry
planning concepts at local and regional level
in Switzerland
• QGIS and GRASS in Local Government Bushfire
Hazard Mapping


FOSS GIS

• Using a free GIS at Jaime Moniz Secondary
School: Quantum GIS
• The use of QGIS in the Geodata Infrastructure
of the City of Uster
• City Munich Open Source software transfer -
used QGIS


FOSS GIS

GRASS GIS


FOSS GIS

• http://grass.osgeo.org
• Since 1982, US Army, Cerl
• Heavy analytical tool
• GUI build on top of command line interface
• Windows, Linux, MacOS
• Special features : 3D rasters, 3D vectors, time
• Great possibility of process automatization - scripting
with various languages (Python)


FOSS GIS

OpenJUMP, gvSIG, uDig
OpenJUMP

• Java
• Geodata viewer
• http://openjump.org
gvSIG

• Founded by Spanish government
• Geodata viewer
• http://gvsig.org
uDig


FOSS GIS

• Build on top of GeoTools - Java
• Geodata viewer
• http://udig.refractions.net/


FOSS GIS

Libraries
GDAL http://gdal.org
Transformation between various vector and raster data
formats
Proj4 http://trac.osgeo.org/proj/
Coordinates transformation between various coordinate
reference systems
R http://r-project.org
Statistical software
...


FOSS GIS

GIS on the server: Mapping
services, data services
Server programs for data analysis and creation of map
images. They also serve geodata requested by the client.
PostGIS

• PostgreSQL extension
• Deals with data (rasters, vectors) stored in
database (not in files).
• Analytical functions
• http://postgis.org/
Spatial-lite, CouchDB, ...

• No-SQL database


FOSS GIS

MapServer

• http://mapserver.org
• Originally developed with NASA
• Advanced cartographic output
• Still the fastest mapping server (FOSS4G-Denver
2011)
• Most used OS GIS software v Czech (COSMC, FMI,
Liberec region, NP Šumava, ...)
GeoServer

• Java
• http://geoserver.org
• Popular server implementing OGC standards
• Most used in "java world"


FOSS GIS

DeeGree

• java
• http://deegree.org
• Popular in Germany (Bonn)
• Implementing OGC Standards


FOSS GIS

GIS on the web: mapping
applications, geoportals
• Web browser: platform for work with geodata
• The platform is not quite ideal:

• Data size
• Data formats
• Depending on the users computer (size of RAM,
processor speed, ...)
• Various support of web standards (HTML (5),
JavaScript, CSS, ...)


FOSS GIS

• Web formats of raster data: PNG, JPEG, GIF vs. GeoTiff
• Vector data: XML, Text vs. ESRI Shapefile (binary, 3
files)
• Capabilities of displaying vector data: SVG (standard),
VML


FOSS GIS

OpenLayers

• JavaScript library for building of map applications
• Supports various raster (WMS, Tiles, ESRI, Google,
Yahoo, ...)
• and vector (GML, WFS, GPX, KML, Text, ...) data formats
• Transformation of data between coordinate reference
systems
• Ready for devices with touch screen
• http://openlayers.org


FOSS GIS

Projects building on top of OpenLayers

• GeoExt http://geoext.org
• HSLayers http://hslayers.org
Examples of OpenLayers usage:


FOSS GIS

• ČUZK
• National INSPIRE Geoportal
• EU INSPIRE Geoportál
• ...


FOSS GIS

HSLayers

• http://hslayers.org
• OpenLayers (http://openlayers.org) + ExtJS
(http://sencha.org)
• JavaScript library building of web mapping applications
• INSPIRE
• Czech national INSPIRE Geoportal


FOSS GIS

Leaflet

• http://leaflet.cloudmade.com/
• Light JavaScript library (compared to OpenLayers)
• Supports smaller amount of data formats
• Supports only "google" (mercator) coordinate reference
system


FOSS GIS

Data for GIS
• Open data standards
• Free available data
• OpenStreetMap http://openstreetmap.org
• Many project are going from closed source solution to
open source: Google -> OpenStreetMap (Apple,
Foursquare, ...) - what about OSEPA?


FOSS GIS

FOSS4G-CEE
• Free and Open Source Software for Geospatial in
Central and East Europe
• Prague, 21.5. - 23.5.
• http://foss4g-cee.org
•


FOSS GIS

Conclusion
• Open Source Geospatial software is already used in
public administration
• There are old mature projects, supporting latest
standards
• It does implement standards faster then closed-source
tools (thanks to (among others) faster release process)
• Development is founded by private companies or public
administration (QGIS, MapServer, GRASS GIS)


FOSS GIS

Thank you
jachym@hsrs.cz
http://bnhelp.cz


Free and Open Source GIS

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