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e-Gov in
Karnataka
Kiran Jonnalagadda
 Comat Technologies
  kiran.j@comat.com
About Comat
10 years old
Primarily in e-Governance
Startup-like growth curve
Three divisions:
  Go Digi – computerisation projects
  Go Rural – rural technology projects
  Rural BPO – rural work opportunities

                   2
Of the various e-governance projects Comat

has been involved with in Karnataka, the


Bhoomi rural land records
   Nemmadi
 system and                         rural

  information telecentre projects
              deserve attention.
Bhoomi:
Rural Land Records
Land Records:
Property Rights
Why is property important?
  Means of economic production

For example, farming:
  Fertility of soil, size, proximity to
  market are important
  Land generates revenue. Who benefits
  from this revenue?


                   5
“Land Tenure”
“Land Tenure”

“The conditions under
which land or buildings
 are held or occupied.”
Property Rights aren’t absolute.
       They’re bounded by the

  community. The term
“tenure” captures this balancing of
              rights.
Huh? Take an example: an
 independent house on a plot
of land, versus a flat in a building.
 You can rebuild the house and make it
   bigger. You can’t   expand the flat.
 The “community” of the building
         defines your rights.
Boundaries of Property
Your House


Plot                Plot    Plot     Plot    Pl



                Road
  Plot       Plot    Plot             Plot
                             Trade
Division of Property
Division of Property
Division of Property


    No Access To Road
No Access to Road,
     Really!




The “nail house” of Chongqing, China
Yang Wu and Wu Ping fought
f o r a f a i r p r i ce f o r t h e i r
property when a developer
tried forcing them to sell
cheap by digging a deep ditch
around the house. Their story
received worldwide attention.
Eventually, they won.




  Fighting it
     Out
joint family? How
What about a

 do you cut up the house? Does it

 make sense to define property in terms of

individuals? What if property is defined
                     “family?”
   as owned by the
Community and
 Land Tenure
Tenure is defined by community
  Family, neighbourhood, type of land

Distinct communities develop distinct
tenure systems
Tenure is like language and dialect
  Tendency to fragment; variations
  depending on local conditions


                 14
Administrative Reform:
Defragmentation
 Administrations prefer simplicity in
 the interest of manageability
 Historic tendency (through centuries)
 to unify similar tenure systems across
 regions into a common definition
 Like language again: Hindi and English
 across India; English across the world


                 15
Introducing
      Bhoomi
Bhoomi is:
  1. Computerisation of oral and paper-
  based records
  2. Simplification of tenure systems
  from over 1200 known types in
  Karnataka, to 256



                 16
Translations Aren’t Easy
                Elevator Announcement:

       “Please close the door.
        Dayamadi gate muchi”
                  Literally Translated:

    “Take pity, close the gate”
Tenures get similarly mangled in a translation process
Computerisation has effects that go far
 beyond putting computers in front of

babus. Effects can be both positive
                 negative.
           and
Positive Effects of
     Bhoomi
Created Transparency
  Single repository of authoritative
  information on land ownership

Reduced Corruption
  The village accountant is no longer
  master of the database; is perfunctory

Improved Speed of Processes


                 19
Where do you get a copy of your land records?




                      Nemmadi:
                 Rural Telecentres
Common Fallacy
Why does rural need special attention?
Rural = Poor = Stupid, backward, need
to be told what’s good for them
Do not fall for this!
Rural citizens are perfectly normal
people. Examine the circumstances,
not the people


                  21
Road Network Density
Determines Access to Conveniences & Necessities
Information Network?
Map from 1986: most of the world is offline
Nemmadi expands the
geographical reach of the
information network
800 telecentres     Most locations have
  27 districts      barely four hours of
   177 taluks        electric supply at
                    100 volts, let alone
  All major           internet access.
  habitation
   centres          How do you setup a
                     kiosk in such a
                        location?

                      By investing in
               25      technology
The Nemmadi Network
                            Nemmadi Telecentre Network Architecture



                                                                                           The Internet



                                Hughes Downlink,
                                        Gurgaon




                                                                                                  RDS,
                                                   Tata                                         Bhoomi
                                                   Indicom                                      Servers
                                                   CDMA
                                                   Network
                                                             Private Network


                                                                                                             GoK
                                                                                                            SWAN




                                                                                   LAN


75% Telecentres with VSAT       25% Telecentres with CDMA         Backoffice              GoK Taluk Server
    Private IP Range               Public Non-Static IPs      No Internet Access
         48 kbps                         112 kbps



     (This diagram is a few months old and may no longer be accurate)
VSAT – Internet via satellite + UPS
Government services:
  Bhoomi RTC certificate
  Revenue Dept certificates and services
  Other departments soon

Education: Sarva Shikshana Abhigyan
Private services
  Internet browsing, banking products
  Several others upcoming

                   27
Q&A
Any Questions?

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e-Governance in Karnataka: An introduction

  • 1. e-Gov in Karnataka Kiran Jonnalagadda Comat Technologies kiran.j@comat.com
  • 2. About Comat 10 years old Primarily in e-Governance Startup-like growth curve Three divisions: Go Digi – computerisation projects Go Rural – rural technology projects Rural BPO – rural work opportunities 2
  • 3. Of the various e-governance projects Comat has been involved with in Karnataka, the Bhoomi rural land records Nemmadi system and rural information telecentre projects deserve attention.
  • 5. Land Records: Property Rights Why is property important? Means of economic production For example, farming: Fertility of soil, size, proximity to market are important Land generates revenue. Who benefits from this revenue? 5
  • 7. “Land Tenure” “The conditions under which land or buildings are held or occupied.”
  • 8. Property Rights aren’t absolute. They’re bounded by the community. The term “tenure” captures this balancing of rights.
  • 9. Huh? Take an example: an independent house on a plot of land, versus a flat in a building. You can rebuild the house and make it bigger. You can’t expand the flat. The “community” of the building defines your rights.
  • 10. Boundaries of Property Your House Plot Plot Plot Plot Pl Road Plot Plot Plot Plot Trade
  • 13. Division of Property No Access To Road
  • 14. No Access to Road, Really! The “nail house” of Chongqing, China
  • 15. Yang Wu and Wu Ping fought f o r a f a i r p r i ce f o r t h e i r property when a developer tried forcing them to sell cheap by digging a deep ditch around the house. Their story received worldwide attention. Eventually, they won. Fighting it Out
  • 16. joint family? How What about a do you cut up the house? Does it make sense to define property in terms of individuals? What if property is defined “family?” as owned by the
  • 17. Community and Land Tenure Tenure is defined by community Family, neighbourhood, type of land Distinct communities develop distinct tenure systems Tenure is like language and dialect Tendency to fragment; variations depending on local conditions 14
  • 18. Administrative Reform: Defragmentation Administrations prefer simplicity in the interest of manageability Historic tendency (through centuries) to unify similar tenure systems across regions into a common definition Like language again: Hindi and English across India; English across the world 15
  • 19. Introducing Bhoomi Bhoomi is: 1. Computerisation of oral and paper- based records 2. Simplification of tenure systems from over 1200 known types in Karnataka, to 256 16
  • 20. Translations Aren’t Easy Elevator Announcement: “Please close the door. Dayamadi gate muchi” Literally Translated: “Take pity, close the gate” Tenures get similarly mangled in a translation process
  • 21. Computerisation has effects that go far beyond putting computers in front of babus. Effects can be both positive negative. and
  • 22. Positive Effects of Bhoomi Created Transparency Single repository of authoritative information on land ownership Reduced Corruption The village accountant is no longer master of the database; is perfunctory Improved Speed of Processes 19
  • 23. Where do you get a copy of your land records? Nemmadi: Rural Telecentres
  • 24. Common Fallacy Why does rural need special attention? Rural = Poor = Stupid, backward, need to be told what’s good for them Do not fall for this! Rural citizens are perfectly normal people. Examine the circumstances, not the people 21
  • 25. Road Network Density Determines Access to Conveniences & Necessities
  • 26. Information Network? Map from 1986: most of the world is offline
  • 27. Nemmadi expands the geographical reach of the information network
  • 28. 800 telecentres Most locations have 27 districts barely four hours of 177 taluks electric supply at 100 volts, let alone All major internet access. habitation centres How do you setup a kiosk in such a location? By investing in 25 technology
  • 29. The Nemmadi Network Nemmadi Telecentre Network Architecture The Internet Hughes Downlink, Gurgaon RDS, Tata Bhoomi Indicom Servers CDMA Network Private Network GoK SWAN LAN 75% Telecentres with VSAT 25% Telecentres with CDMA Backoffice GoK Taluk Server Private IP Range Public Non-Static IPs No Internet Access 48 kbps 112 kbps (This diagram is a few months old and may no longer be accurate)
  • 30. VSAT – Internet via satellite + UPS Government services: Bhoomi RTC certificate Revenue Dept certificates and services Other departments soon Education: Sarva Shikshana Abhigyan Private services Internet browsing, banking products Several others upcoming 27