This document contains a variety of information on different topics related to education including: - Data showing differences in vocabulary between children from professional vs working class vs welfare homes. - Details about facilities at a private UK school compared to state schools. - Background on the creator of the first IQ test and how it was later adapted and used to construct a racial hierarchy. - Statistics on ability grouping of UK children by age and birth month. - Diagrams showing relationships between value, expectation, and application in different school subjects. - Details of an experiment comparing different types of praise for test scores. - The Scandinavian phrase "FOAFOY" related to curling parents.

1. challenginglearning.com
@JamesNottinghm
james@jnpartnership.com
facebook.com/challenginglearning

2. 76%
98%
96%
89%
89%
88%
79%
78%
77%

4. Number of words spoken by 3 year olds
From professional
families: 1,116
From working class
families: 749
From welfare-
dependent homes: 525
Hart and Risley, 1995

5. Private vs. State School Athletes (UK)
Harrow School has
• 2 All-weather multi-sport pitches
• An indoor climbing wall
• Weights room
• Swimming pool
• Sports hall
• Courts for tennis, rackets, squash &
fives
• 18 hole golf course
• Olympic-standard running track with a
water jump for the steeplechase
From: www.bbc.co.uk/news/magazine-21457349
7%
attend private
school in the UK
20%
47%
9.5%
36%
8%
50%

6. Creator of the first IQ test, 1905
Alfred Binet (1857 – 1911)
Binet’s aim was
to identify which
children the
curriculum did
not suit, so that
an alternative
curriculum could
be designed for
them

7. 10 years later, Stanford University adapted Binet’s work
Lewis TermanHenry H Goddard

8. Black & White IQ
The Stanford-
Binet IQ test
was used to
construct an
ethnically
based social
hierarchy.
It was not until
later that
researchers
realised that
lower language
skills by new
English
speakers
affected their
scores on the
tests.

9. 5000+ children from the
Millennium Cohort
Study
97% were ability-grouped by age
7
71%
September-born
pupils in top sets
26%
August-born
pupils in top sets

12. 0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
Aug Sept Oct Nov Dec Jan Feb
35
30
25
20
15
10
5
0
Aug Sept Oct Nov Dec
Progress Charts

13. Application = Value x Expectation
Eccles (2000)
Sport
Language
Art

14. ✔
✔
✔
✔
✔
✔
✔
✔
✔
✔
✔
✔
✗
✗
✗
✔
✗
✗
✗
✔
Pre-Test
410 - = 6

15. Intelligence praise
“Wow, that’s a really good
score. You must be smart at
this.”
Process praise
“Wow, that’s a really good
score. You must have tried
really hard.”
Control-group praise
“Wow, that’s a really good
score.”Mueller and
Dweck, 1998 E

16. Scandinavian Curling Parents
FOAFOY

17. Breakthrough
www.stonefields.school.n
z

18. Breakthrough
Stretch
Practice

19. challenginglearning.com
@JamesNottinghm
james@jnpartnership.com
facebook.com/challenginglearning