2. Life Is A Highway-Tom Cochrane
Life's like a road that you travel on
When there's one day here
and the next day gone
Sometimes you bend sometimes you stand
Sometimes you turn your back to the wind
There's a world outside
3. Native Phonetic Transcription
Life's like a road that you travel on
[laɪfs laɪk ə ɹoʊd ðæt ju tɹævəl ɑn
When there's one day here
wɛn ðɛɹz wʌn deɪ hir
and the next day gone
ænd ðə nɛkst deɪ gɔn
Sometimes you bend sometimes you stand
sʌmtaɪmz ju bɛnd sʌmtaɪmz ju stænd
Sometimes you turn your back to the wind
sʌmtaɪmz ju tɜ˞n jʊər bæk tu ðə wɪnd
There's a world outside
ðeərz ə wɜ˞ld aʊtsaɪd]
4. Non-native Phonetic
Transcription
Life's like a road that you travel on
[laɪfs iz laɪk ə ɹoʊd ɖæt ju ʈɹævəl ɑn
When there's one day here
wɛn ɖeərz wʌn ɖeɪ hir
and the next day gone
ænɖ ɖə nɛksʈ ɖeɪ gɔn
Sometimes you bend sometimes you stand
sʌmtaɪm ju bɛnɖ sʌmtaɪm ju stænɖ
Sometimes you turn your back to the wind
sʌmtaɪm ju ʈɜ˞n jʊər bæk ʈu ɖə waɪnɖ
There's a world outside
ɖeərz ə wɜ˞lɖ aʊʈsaɪɖ]
5. Non-native Phonetic Transcription
Life's like a road that you travel on
When there's one day here
and the next day gone
Sometimes you bend sometimes you stand
Sometimes you turn your back to the wind
There's a world outside
Native: Non-native:
[laɪfs laɪk ə ɹoʊd ðæt ju tɹævəl ɑn
wɛn ðɛɹz wʌn deɪ hir
ænd ðə nɛkst deɪ gɔn
sʌmtaɪmz ju bɛnd sʌmtaɪmz ju
stænd
sʌmtaɪmz ju tɜ˞n jʊər bæk tu ðə
wɪnd
ðeərz ə wɜ˞ld aʊtsaɪd]
[laɪfs iz laɪk ə ɹoʊd ɖæt ju ʈɹævəl ɑn
wɛn ɖeər iz wʌn ɖeɪ hir
ænɖ ɖə nɛksʈ ɖeɪ gɔn
sʌmtaɪm ju bɛnɖ sʌmtaɪm ju stænɖ
sʌmtaɪm ju ʈɜ˞n jʊər bæk ʈu ɖə waɪnɖ
ɖeərz ə wɜ˞lɖ aʊʈsaɪɖ]
6. Summary of differences:
The NNS
1. Incorrect production of the /I/ in wind
• Instead of wind- [wɪnd] –he says wind [waɪnɖ]
2. difference in the stop consonants t and d-retroflex
Examples: He says [ʈɹævəl] instead of [tɹævəl]
3. rather than producing [ð]-/th/ sound as fricative he is producing it more as a
stop that sound like a [d] , which is also produced as retroflex [ɖ]
Example: in ”the". (i.e. [ɖə] instead of [ðə] )
4. as a result of the phoneme /t/ being retroflex, the /t/ is not aspirated where it
normally would be: /th/-[sʌmtaɪmz] instead he says /t/ [sʌmtaɪm]
Example: instead of “that” –[ðæt] he says [ɖæt]
5. Doesn't pronounce the word final /s/ in "sometimes". (i.e. [sʌmtaɪm] instead
of [sʌmtaɪmz])
7. Questions:
Do you think you have a non-native accent?
-Yes
Do you see it as a problem or not?
-No
Do you think others judge you about it?
-No
Do you feel it helps maintain part of your identity?
-Yes
What constitutes good English pronunciation for you?
-Speaking to other Americans and to my teachers.
