Grammar in context for communicative purposes.

1. The Present Perfect Tense and
The Present Perfect Progressive Tense
by Miriam Gomez

2.  Thiscourse is to improve our
accuracy and understanding of
the form and function of the
Present Perfect Tense, Present
Perfect Progressive Tense
 Tounderstand and apply the
grammar rules for effective
communication in English

3. Affirmative statements:
subject + present tense of have + past participle
I´ve played football for three years
Negative statments:
A subject + the present tense of have + not + past participle
Our team hasn’t won any games this year.
Yes/No Questions .
Have + a subject + a past participle
A: Have you ever played squash?
B: Yes, I have. / No, I haven’t

4. We use the:
Wh words what, where, when, how , which, why, who and whom:
to form wh- questions in the present form
Who has won the most games?
How many games have the won?
We often use adverbs such as ever, never, already, yet, still and so far wi th
present perfect tense.
So far, he hasn’t said anything.
He still hasn’t said anything.
He has left already.

5. Affirmative statements:
A subject + the present tense of have + been + a verb + ing
They’ve been practicing all morning so they’re tired.
Negative statements:
A subject + the present tense of have + not + been + a verb + ing
She hasn’t been playing basketball very long.
Yes/No questions:
Have or has + a subject + been + a verb + ing
A: Have they been winning a lot of games?
B: Yes, they have. / No, they haven’t.

6. We use the wh- words what, where, when,
how, which, why, who, and who to form
wh- questions.
Who has been scoring the most goals?
Why have the been losing so much?

7. The Present Perfect Tense The Present Perfect Progressive
Tense
To talk about something that started in To emphasize the continuation of an
the past and that continues up to the action that started in the past and
present. continues into the preset.
I have been waiting for your call all
I have been here for 40 minutes. day.
To talk about a completed action that To talk about an action that my or may
has an importance in the present. not be completed.
She has done her homework.
She’s been doing her homework
To talk about what has been achieved To talk about how long something has
in a period of time. been in progress.
He has written two e -mails this
morning. He has been writing all morning.
To describe a situation that is more To describe a situation more temporary
permanent and that continues in the and that continues into the present.
present.
She’s been working her for a coupo of
She has always worked here. weeks.

8. We can use the present perfect tense or the present perfect progressive with
action verbs.
We have finished our work.
We’ve been finishing our work.
But we do not use the perfect progressive with stative verbs.
We often use for or since with the present perfect and present perfect
progressive. We use for to talk about a length of time. We use since to talk
about a point in time.
I’ve been waiting here for an hour.
I’ve been waiting here since 2:00 p.m.
We often use adverbs such as ever, never, already, yes, still, just and so far with the
present perfect tense.
So far, I`ve been to three countries. We’ve just landed.
I have’t ever traveled in Argentina. They have’t called for a taxi.
What have they already bought? I have never sailed on a ship.

9. We form affirmative statements:
a subject + the present tense of be + going to + a verb
I’m going to have a party this weekend.
We form negative statements:
a subject + the present tense of be + not + going to + a verb
I’m not going to tell him because I want it to be a surprise

10. yes/no questions
the present tense of be + a subject + going to + a verb
A: Are your friends going to make all of the food?
B: Yes, they are. / No, they are not.
Wh- words for questions:
What, where, when, how, which, why, who and whom
Who is going to make the food?
Where are they going to make it?

11. We form affirmative statements:
a subject + will + a verb
I will lend it to you.
We form negative statements:
a subject + will not + a verb
I won`t be late.

12. yes/no questions
will + a subject + a verb
A: Will your roommate like the surprise?
B: Yes, he will. / No, he won’t.
Wh- words for questions:
What, where, when, how, which, why, who and whom
I need some help. Who will set the table for me?
When will the food be ready?

13. Will + Base Verb Be going to + Base Verb
To talk about something we decide to To talk about plans or something we
do at the moment of speaking. have already decided to do.
A: Oh no! I’ve spilled some coffee on I’m going to have lunch with my sister.
the rug.
B: Don’t worry. I’ll clean it up for you.
To say what we think or believe will To talk about something in the future
happen in the future. that we can see as a result of
something in the present
They’ll probably get here late. There isn’t a cloud in the sky.
I’m sure he’ll be there. It`s going to be a beautiful day.
To talk about actions and events that To talk about plans, intentions , or
will definitely happen in the future. ambitions for the future.
I will be twenty next Monday. She’s going to be a doctor some day.
The sun will rise again tomorrow.

14. We often use be going to to talk about and intention and will to
give details and comments.
I am going to have a surprise birhday party for Diego. I’ll invite all his
friends.
We can use either will or going to to make predictions.
They’ll win the game.
They’re going to win the game.
We use will and be going to with time expressions such as soon,
tonight, tomorrow, and next Monday/week/month/year

15.  Usethe present perfect
progressive in writing an
informal letter to someone
you haven’t seen in a long
time.

16.  Complete the sentences with the present perfect or the
present perfect progressive tense of verbs in parenthesis.
Sometimes both tenses are possible.
1. Soccer (be) ________ the most popular sport in the world for a
long time.
2. People (play) _________soccer in England for hundreds of
years.
3. Since 1870, there (be) __________ in the Olympic games since
1900.
4. Parachuting (be) ___________ an official sport only since 1951.
5. Women (compete)_____________ in singles matches at
Wimbeldon since 1884.
6. In the United States, baseball (become) _____________ the
country’s favorite sports.
7. Our basketball team (practice) _____________ all morning.