1. The Skeletal
System
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2. The Skeletal System
 The framework of the body, consisting of bones and
other connective tissues, which protects and supports
the body tissues and internal organs.
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 The skeletal system serves
many important functions
including:
1. It protects the vital organs
such as the brain, heart,
and lungs.
2. It gives your body shape
and form.
3. It allows for movement.
4. It produces blood cells and
stores minerals.

3. What is bone?
 Compact bone provides most of
the strength and support.
 Cancellous bone has many
open spaces like a sponge.
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 In many bones (like the femur), the
cancellous bone protects the innermost
part of the bone called bone marrow.
 Bone marrow is a thick, jelly-like layer
that makes blood cells or stores fat.

4. Functions of Bone
All the bones in your body make up your skeletal system
 The functions of the Bone:
1. Support – provides framework, supports soft tissues and
provides points of attachment for skeletal muscles.
2. Protection – internal organs are protected by skeleton,
ex. Heart and lungs are protected by ribs.
3. Movement – when muscles contract, they pull on bones
and produce movement.
4. Mineral Storage – homeostasis mechanism that
deposits and removes calcium and phosphorus on
demand.
5. Blood Cell production – red bone marrow produces
blood cells; a process called hematopoietic.
6. Storage of energy – yellow bone marrow stores lipids,
an important source of chemical energy.
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5. Classification of bone
1. Long – Long bones are
longer than they are wide
whereas Ex. legs, toes,
arms, fingers
2. Short- include the bones of
the wrist (carpal) and ankles
(tarsal)
3. Flat – are thin and relatively
broad Ex-cranial, sternum,
ribs, scapulas
4. Irregular – have complex
shapes that do not fit easily
into any other category Ex.
vertebrae
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 Bones are grouped according to their shape

6.  A long bone has a central shaft, or
diaphysis and an expanded portion at
each end or epiphysis.
 The diaphysis surrounds a central
marrow cavity.
 The ends or epiphyses are covered by
cartilage
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Cartilage
 Smooth, rubbery blue-white connective
tissue
 Acts as a shock absorber between bones
 Elastic than bone
 Makes up the flexible parts of the
skeleton
 such as
the outer ear
the tip of the nose

7. Articular Cartilage
 Covers the surfaces of bones that
form joints
 Make smooth joint movement
possible
 Protect the bones from rubbing
against each other
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 The place where two bones meet is called
a joint.
 Some joints are fixed while others move.
 Your joints have their own lubricating
fluid called synovial fluid.
 This fluid helps them move freely.
Joints

8. Types of Joints
 Different types of joints make a wide range of motions
possible
 These include
Sutures
Symphyses
Synovial joints
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206 bones in all
 22 bones in skull
 6 in middle ears
 1 hyoid bone
 26 in vertebral column
 25 in thoracic cage
 4 in pectoral girdle
 60 in upper limbs
 60 in lower limbs
 2 in pelvic girdle

9. The End
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