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The Electoral Process
1.
American The Electoral Process Government T-
1-855-694-8886 Email- info@iTutor.com By iTutor.com
2.
The Nominating Process First
Step In the United States, the election process occurs in two steps: 1. Nomination, in which the field of candidates is narrowed. 2. General election, the regularly scheduled election where voters make the final choice of officeholder. Nominating and Electing a Candidate© iTutor. 2000-2013. All Rights Reserved
3.
Three Ways to
Nominate Self-Announcement – A person who wants to run for office announces their candidacy. Whenever a write-in candidate appears on the ballot, the self-announcement process has been used. The Caucus – Originally a private meeting of local bigwigs, the caucus as a nominating device fell out of favor in the 1820s. The Convention – Considered more democratic than the caucus, convention delegates were selected to represent the people’s wishes. Party bosses soon found ways to manipulate the system, however, and the convention system was on its way out by the early 1900s. © iTutor. 2000-2013. All Rights Reserved
4.
The Direct Primary Nonpartisan Primary Candidates
are not identified by party labels Nonpartisan Primary Candidates are not identified by party labels Runoff Primary If a required majority is not met, the two people with the most votes run again Runoff Primary If a required majority is not met, the two people with the most votes run again Closed Primary Only declared party members can vote. Types of Direct Primaries Open Primary Any qualified voter can take part. Open Primary Any qualified voter can take part. Blanket Primary Qualified voters can vote for any candidate, regardless of party •© iTutor. 2000-2013. All Rights Reserved
5.
Petition Candidates must
gather a required number of voters’ signatures to get on the ballot by means of petition. Minor party and independent candidates are usually required by State law to be nominated by petition. Petition is often used at the local level to nominate for school posts and municipal offices. © iTutor. 2000-2013. All Rights Reserved
6.
Elections The Administration of
Elections Elections are primarily regulated by State law, but there are some overreaching federal regulations Congress has the power to set the time, place, and manner of congressional and presidential elections. Congress has chosen the first Tuesday after the first Monday in November of every even-numbered year for congressional elections, with the presidential election being held the same day every fourth year. States determine the details of the election of thousands of State and local officials. Most States provide for absentee voting, for voters who are unable to get to their regular polling places on election day. Some States within the last few years have started to allow voting a few days before election day to increase voter participation. © iTutor. 2000-2013. All Rights Reserved
7.
Precincts and Polling
Places Precincts A precinct is a voting district. Precincts are the smallest geographic units used to carry out elections. A precinct election board supervises the voting process in each precinct. Polling Places A polling place is where the voters who live in a precinct go to vote. It is located in or near each precinct. Polling places are supposed to be located conveniently for voters. © iTutor. 2000-2013. All Rights Reserved
8.
Casting the Ballot
The History Voting was initially done orally. It was considered “manly” to speak out your vote without fear of reprisal. Paper ballots began to be used in the mid-1800s. At first, people provided their own ballots. Then, political machines began to take advantage of the flexibility of the process to intimidate, buy, or manufacture votes. In the late 1800s, ballot reforms cleaned up ballot fraud by supplying standardized, accurate ballots and mandating that voting be secret. © iTutor. 2000-2013. All Rights Reserved
9.
Office-Group and Party-Column Ballots •©
iTutor. 2000-2013. All Rights Reserved
10.
Voting Machines and
Innovations Electronic vote counting has been in use since the 1960s. Punch-card ballots are often used to cast votes. Vote-by-mail elections have come into use in recent years. Online voting is a trend that may be encountered in the near future. © iTutor. 2000-2013. All Rights Reserved
11.
12.
Money and Elections Small contributors Small contributors Wealthy supporters Nonparty groups
such as PACs Nonparty groups such as PACs Temporary fund-raising organization s Temporary fund-raising organization sCandidatesCandidates Government subsidies Private and Public Sources of Campaign Money Sources of Funding © iTutor. 2000-2013. All Rights Reserved
13.
Why do people
give? On your notes paper (or if you are not taking notes, get out a sheet of paper) list at least 3 reasons people donate to campaigns They believe in a party or candidate They want something in return Appointment to public office or keep the appointment they have Public recognition Dinner at the White House They want access to government Influence policy, get laws passed, changed or repealed © iTutor. 2000-2013. All Rights Reserved
14.
Regulating Campaign Financing
Early campaign regulations were created in 1907, but feebly enforced. Illegal for corporation or national bank to contribute to any candidate running for a federal office. The Federal Election Campaign Act (FECA) of 1971 was passed to replace the former, ineffective legislation. The Federal Election Commission The Federal Election Commission (FEC) enforces: The timely disclosure of campaign finance information –Cash gifts of more than 100 dollars prohibited. –No foreign sources. –200 dollars or must be identified same for 200 dollars or more spent. –5000 dollars or more must be reported within 48 hours. © iTutor. 2000-2013. All Rights Reserved
15.
(FEC) enforces: Limits
on campaign contributions No person more than $2,100 to federal candidate in a primary. No more than $5,000 to a PAC in a year. $26,700 to a national party commission. $101,400 total in an election cycle (2 years). © iTutor. 2000-2013. All Rights Reserved
16.
The FEC regulates
PACs PAC – Political Action Committees Help candidates sympathetic to their cause Corporations and Labor unions cannot donate to candidates running for federal office. – “Segregated fund committees" are political arms of special interest groups. • They can only raise money from their members. • Unconnected Committees are independent organizations – They can raise money from the public • Can donate up to $10,000 to any one candidate in an election cycle (primary and general elections) • $15,000 to any political party in a year © iTutor. 2000-2013. All Rights Reserved
17.
Super PACs
are a new kind of political action committee created in July 2010 Technically known as independent expenditure- only committees, Super PACs may raise unlimited sums of money from corporations, unions, associations and individuals, then spend unlimited sums to overtly advocate for or against political candidates. Super PACs must, however, report their donors to the Federal Election Commission on a monthly or quarterly basis -- the Super PAC's choice -- as a traditional PAC would. Unlike traditional PACs, Super PACs are prohibited from donating money directly to political candidates. © iTutor. 2000-2013. All Rights Reserved
18.
Loopholes in the
Law “More loophole than law…” —Lyndon Johnson Soft money—money given to State and local party organizations for “party-building activities” that is filtered to presidential or congressional campaigns. $500 million was given to campaigns in this way in 2000. Independent campaign spending—a person unrelated and unconnected to a candidate or party can spend as much money as they want to benefit or work against candidates. Issue ads—take a stand on certain issues in order to criticize or support a certain candidate without actually mentioning that person’s name. © iTutor. 2000-2013. All Rights Reserved
19.
The End Call us
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