1. The document discusses a case of a 40-year-old male who visited a clinic with a history of drug abuse and had a blood pressure reading of 160/95. 2. A diagnosis of hypertension cannot officially be made at this time based on a single high blood pressure reading, and the average of 3 or more properly measured readings over weeks to months is needed. 3. Risk factors for hypertension include excess sodium intake, alcohol, energy drinks, genetics, obesity, diabetes, and lack of exercise. Treatment reduces risks of stroke, heart attack, and heart failure.

1. HTN new Updates Dr Ihab Suliman MBBS,ECFMG(USA),DCBNC(USA), MRCP(UK) Associate Consultant Cardiology Member of the European Working Group on Nuclear Cardiology & Cardiac CT

21. Algorithm for Treatment of Hypertension (JNC 7) JAMA, May 2003 Not at Goal Blood Pressure (<140/90 mmHg) (<130/80 mmHg for those with diabetes or chronic kidney disease) Initial Drug Choices Lifestyle Modifications Drug(s) for the compelling indications With Compelling Indications Stage 2 Hypertension 2-drug combination for most Stage 1 Hypertension Thiazide-type diuretics for most. May consider ACEI, ARB, BB, CCB, or combination Without Compelling Indications

45. Development of new diabetes – CHARM study 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 No. of cases developing new Diabetes Control candesartan 40% p =0.005 Lancet, 2003