2. SQL “Structure Query Language”

3. Database Schema.

4. Data types.

5. Database constraints.

6. DDL (Data Definition Language)

7. Create

8. Alter

9. Drop

10. Truncate

11. DML (Data Manipulation Language)

12. Insert

13. Update

14. Delete

15. Transaction Control (Commit – Rollback)

16. Data Retrieval (SELECT)

17. Queries (SELECT statement).

18. Select from on table.

19. Distinct keyword.

20. Derived Field.

21. Column alias.

22. Where clause.

24. Data Definition Language (DDL).

25. Data Manipulation Language (DML).

26. Data Control Language (DCL).

28. Not Null

29. Primary Key

30. Unique Key

31. Referential Integrity ( FK )

32. Check

33. DDL (Data Definition Language)

34. Create Table

35. CREATE TABLE customer(ID int (15) Not Null,

36. First_Name char(50),Last_Name char(50),Address char(50),City char(50),Country char(25),Birth_Date date),

37. Primary Key (ID));

38. Alter Table

39. ALTER TABLE customer

40. ADD(Telchar(7));

41. ALTER TABLE customer

42. DROP COLUMN Country;

43. Drop Table: Remove table structure and all its data.

44. DROP TABLE customer;

45. Truncate Table: Remove All Rows in the table.

46. TRUNCATE TABLE customer;

47. DML (Data Manipulation Language)

48. Insert

49. INSERT INTO Customers

50. VALUES ( 10, ‘Saleh’, ‘Ahmed', ‘Moharam bak', ‘Alex.' , ’Egypt’ , ‘01/10/1975’));

51. INSERT INTO Persons (ID, First_Name, City)

52. VALUES (20, ‘Hassan', ‘Assuit');

53. Update

54. UPDATE customer

55. SET city = ‘Cairo’; /* this statement will update all rows of the table*/

56. UPDATE customer

57. SET city = ‘Cairo’

58. WHERE id = 10;

59. UPDATE customer

60. SET city = ‘Cairo’, Country = ‘Egypt’

61. WHERE id = 10; /* Update several columns in certain row*/

62. Delete

63. DELETE FROM customer;

64. /* This statement will Delete all rows of the table*/

65. DELETE FROM customer

66. WHERE id = 10; /* Delete one record only*/

67. Data Retrieval (SELECT)

68. Select <Attribute list >

69. From < Table list>

70. Where <Condition>

71. Group By <Expression>

72. Select from one table

73. SELECT *

74. FROMcustomers;

75. SELECT id, first_name , city

76. FROMcustomers;

77. Distinct keyword

78. SELECT distinct city

79. FROMcustomers;

80. Derived Field

81. SELECT salary * 1.7

82. FROMemployees;

83. Column alias

84. SELECT salary * 1.7 “Raised salary”

85. FROMemployees;

87. FROM customers

88. WHERE city = ‘Alex’;

90. SELECT *

91. FROM customers

92. ORDER BY First_Name ;

93. /*This means sort by first name in Ascending order*/

94. SELECT *

95. FROM customers

96. ORDER BY First_Name , Last_Name DESC ;

97. /*This means sort by first name in Ascending order and Last_name in Descending order*/