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Socially Sustainable Development -  Beyond Economic Growth by Leisa Perch  Coordinator – Rural and Sustainable Development IPC-IG AMUN, Model UN,  UnB Brasilia, July 28 th , 2011 Email:  [email_address]
Introduction to IPC-IG ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Focus of Presentation  ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Inclusive Growth - process and outcome ,[object Object]
Situating Inclusion in the Development  Discourse ,[object Object],“ Development cannot be achieved if half of the world’s population is left out” – Helen Clark “ Gender equality is an issue of developmental effectiveness, not just a matter of political correctness or kindness to women”  (WB, 2002:1).  “ Inequality hinders progress in development” (UNECLAC, 2010)
Inclusion guaranteed through Rights ,[object Object],[object Object],Nagoya Protocol on  Access to Genetic Resources and the Fair and Equitable Sharing of Benefits Arising from their Utilization  (Article  5): “respect to the rights held by indigenous peoples  over genetic resources” and for “mutually agreed terms”  in Paragraph 2 of the article. It goes further to recognize benefits in both “monetary and non-monetary terms” in Para 4 of the same Article of the Protocol . the International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights  states in Part III, Article 11, Paragraph 2 that:  The States Parties to the present Covenant, recognizing the fundamental right of everyone to be free from hunger   ……….shall take actions relating to the supply and production of food.
Inclusion as a policy instrument ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Uneven Development + enhanced risk  ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Source: Ortiz and Cummins, 2010 adapted from Sutcliffee (2005) and others
[object Object]
Key Milestones in Global Development Agenda ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Human Development Concept – Beyond GDP ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
The Difference the MDG Approach can make  Taken from the Report of Third Working Group on Primary Education and General Equality of the Millennium Project, 2005
Interactions Food, Energy and Water ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Food, Water, Energy Nexus  System Diagram for Risk Associated with the water-food-energy nexus. Source: World Economic Forum  http://riskreport.weforum.org/global-risks-2011.pdf
Food Security  According to FAO’s  hunger measure based on undernourishment,  South Africa  has less than  5%  population undernourishment (2005-2007),  Brazil  ( 6% ) and  India  ( 21% ). Brazil’s “ Zero Hunger Program ” covering food access, agriculture and income generation, and South Africa’s “ National Integrated Food Security Strategy ” focusing on household food production, income opportunities; nutrition, and food emergencies reflect an integrated and formalised government strategy, while  India ’s 20 or so food schemes are related to different government sectors and is not integrated.
Social Risk and Global Inequality ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Global Inequality  and Consumption ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Structural Issues in Food Production/   Security ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
 
Climate Risk and Growth ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT and the GREEN ECONOMY: SECURING DEVELOPMEN PROGRESS?
Global Ecological Footprint ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Source: Ecological Footprint Atlas (2010) Region  Average Ecological Footprint for consumption per capita/per resident Sub-Saharan Africa 1.4 gha Latin  America    and the Caribbean 2.6 gha  Europe 4.7 gha North America 7.9 gha Global  2.7 gha per person
A Narrow View of Development has: ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Theory and Reality Interlocking Circles showing the necessary movement to attain sustainability
Sustainable Development and Green Economy  ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Similarities and differences ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Dangers of virtuous cycles/ linkages  ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Growth and Environment: Costa Rica ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Source:  www.learn.uvm.edu  from  FreshfruitPortal.com/ElPais.CR
Glaring Gender Gaps in Development ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
LINKING INCLUSION AND SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT
Inclusion is not just about who; it is it  is also about why  ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
It is also about how and what ,[object Object],Figure 2. Proposed conceptual framework for linking adaptation, mitigation and climate-compatible development Source: Perch, 2011
… allows you to consider time, structures and people  ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],A resident of Lusaka's Misisi township wades through waterlogged streets on February 1, 2008.  REUTERS/Mackson Wasamunu. Accessed from AlertNet-  http://www.trust.org/alertnet/news/changing-rains-poor-urban-planning-expose-zambian-capital-to-repeat-of-2010-floods/
Social Innovation: Linking Social Risk Mitigation and Productive Inclusion Source: Perch (2010).  Programme summary Growth co-benefits Gender co-benefits Poverty co-benefits Environmental co-benefits Unique structural elements 1. Brazil’s PNPB adopts an explicit policy to incorporate family farmers into the biodiesel value chain. Incentives by GOB included distribution of seeds, technical assistance, credit and formal contracts for small-scale family farmers. Special economic incentive instruments target the less developed Northeast region (Zapata, et al., 2010). Structures the supply chain of biodiesel in Brazil and expands the sources for the production.  Linked to a regulation that demands biodiesel/diesel blending into gasoline (of at least 5 per cent) (Zapata et al., 2010). Gender is not an issue that has been identified in the policy design of the PNPB. However, several women are small-scale farmers and take part in the programme.   Directly integrates small farmers in new markets and provides a guaranteed additional source of income for them and their families. Expands low-carbon path of development.  The Selo Social (Social Label) certification for purchases, gives tax exemptions to the refineries purchasing a minimum required amount from smallholder farmers, and full tax exemption to those purchasing from farmers in the Northeast region. (Zapata et al., 2010).  2. Ethiopia’s PSNP provides cash and food in exchange for work during the food insecurity and hunger period, (Davies et al., 2008).  Maximises benefits across sectors; reduces need for emergency welfare mechanisms in times of drought.  Includes focus on women and gender dimensions of poverty. Cash transfers alleviate stress and insecurity; build assets and gather funds for mitigating climate-related risks. Prevent the use of environmentally-damaging coping strategies particularly in times of drought. Safety net programme – linking social protection and climate change.
VALUES ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Solidarity as a Value: Brazil ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Green as a Value  ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
RIO+20: INCLUSION AS A DEVELOPMENT VALUE
Criticisms of SD in practice ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Getting the Policy Right ……… ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Process Flows -  IGES model Source: Akenji, 2010
Getting the Politics Right……… ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Broadening the analytical framework ,[object Object],Figure 3: Adjusted Co-Benefits Framework Based on GGPE Considerations Source: (Perch, 2010).
Delivering Sustained  Progress and Sustainability ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Delivering Quality of Growth outcomes ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Thank You!!!!! Contact information: Leisa Perch, IPC-IG Email:  [email_address] or  [email_address]   Obrigada! Gracias! Merci!

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Socially Sustainable Development - Beyond Economic Growth

  • 1. Socially Sustainable Development - Beyond Economic Growth by Leisa Perch Coordinator – Rural and Sustainable Development IPC-IG AMUN, Model UN, UnB Brasilia, July 28 th , 2011 Email: [email_address]
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  • 12. The Difference the MDG Approach can make Taken from the Report of Third Working Group on Primary Education and General Equality of the Millennium Project, 2005
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  • 14. Food, Water, Energy Nexus System Diagram for Risk Associated with the water-food-energy nexus. Source: World Economic Forum http://riskreport.weforum.org/global-risks-2011.pdf
  • 15. Food Security According to FAO’s hunger measure based on undernourishment, South Africa has less than 5% population undernourishment (2005-2007), Brazil ( 6% ) and India ( 21% ). Brazil’s “ Zero Hunger Program ” covering food access, agriculture and income generation, and South Africa’s “ National Integrated Food Security Strategy ” focusing on household food production, income opportunities; nutrition, and food emergencies reflect an integrated and formalised government strategy, while India ’s 20 or so food schemes are related to different government sectors and is not integrated.
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  • 21. SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT and the GREEN ECONOMY: SECURING DEVELOPMEN PROGRESS?
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  • 24. Theory and Reality Interlocking Circles showing the necessary movement to attain sustainability
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  • 30. LINKING INCLUSION AND SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT
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  • 34. Social Innovation: Linking Social Risk Mitigation and Productive Inclusion Source: Perch (2010). Programme summary Growth co-benefits Gender co-benefits Poverty co-benefits Environmental co-benefits Unique structural elements 1. Brazil’s PNPB adopts an explicit policy to incorporate family farmers into the biodiesel value chain. Incentives by GOB included distribution of seeds, technical assistance, credit and formal contracts for small-scale family farmers. Special economic incentive instruments target the less developed Northeast region (Zapata, et al., 2010). Structures the supply chain of biodiesel in Brazil and expands the sources for the production. Linked to a regulation that demands biodiesel/diesel blending into gasoline (of at least 5 per cent) (Zapata et al., 2010). Gender is not an issue that has been identified in the policy design of the PNPB. However, several women are small-scale farmers and take part in the programme. Directly integrates small farmers in new markets and provides a guaranteed additional source of income for them and their families. Expands low-carbon path of development. The Selo Social (Social Label) certification for purchases, gives tax exemptions to the refineries purchasing a minimum required amount from smallholder farmers, and full tax exemption to those purchasing from farmers in the Northeast region. (Zapata et al., 2010). 2. Ethiopia’s PSNP provides cash and food in exchange for work during the food insecurity and hunger period, (Davies et al., 2008). Maximises benefits across sectors; reduces need for emergency welfare mechanisms in times of drought. Includes focus on women and gender dimensions of poverty. Cash transfers alleviate stress and insecurity; build assets and gather funds for mitigating climate-related risks. Prevent the use of environmentally-damaging coping strategies particularly in times of drought. Safety net programme – linking social protection and climate change.
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  • 38. RIO+20: INCLUSION AS A DEVELOPMENT VALUE
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  • 41. Process Flows - IGES model Source: Akenji, 2010
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  • 46. Thank You!!!!! Contact information: Leisa Perch, IPC-IG Email: [email_address] or [email_address] Obrigada! Gracias! Merci!

Hinweis der Redaktion

  1. 1) The richer and developed countries have undoubtedly contributed to the levels and scale of GHG emissions. Not only directly but through the terms of trade. Both travel and global business contribute.
  2. Took education and health from being things we do and have innately and to being critical and valued inputs for development progress at the individual and macro-economic levels.
  3. Ecosystem Assessment Initiative
  4. A de-link between benefit-sharing and risk-sharing potentially undermines the sustainability of benefits – either due to them being impacted upon or wiped away by other shocks, negated by other realities (i.e. earnings by women that they are unable to spend due to inability to open bank accounts for example) or which are superficial in nature (these are largely communal or group-owned and no real impact/change occurs in assets, livelihood opportunities and development status).
  5. Whether markets in carbon and carbon finance form part of responses to the multiple challenges of climate change, energy poverty and energy security, will depend on how well they are governed University of East Anglia (UEA) (2010). I also add here by whom and for whom .
  6. A de-link between benefit-sharing and risk-sharing potentially undermines the sustainability of benefits – either due to them being impacted upon or wiped away by other shocks, negated by other realities (i.e. earnings by women that they are unable to spend due to inability to open bank accounts for example) or which are superficial in nature (these are largely communal or group-owned and no real impact/change occurs in assets, livelihood opportunities and development status).
  7. SLF approaches which include income, variability, policy and systems Social Responsibility risk reduction model – looks at immediate and delayed consequences of shocks and considers conditional and situational factors of vulnerability And the SRM – prevention, mitigation and coping with stress, shocks and impacts
  8. A de-link between benefit-sharing and risk-sharing potentially undermines the sustainability of benefits – either due to them being impacted upon or wiped away by other shocks, negated by other realities (i.e. earnings by women that they are unable to spend due to inability to open bank accounts for example) or which are superficial in nature (these are largely communal or group-owned and no real impact/change occurs in assets, livelihood opportunities and development status).
  9. Even the tension between adaptation and mitigation is a symptom of the tension between the macro and the micro.