A presentation delivered by Ms. Leisa Perch, IPC-IG's Team Leader - Rural and Sustainable Development at Brazil's II Public Management National Congress (3-4 April 2012, Brasilia).

1. Managing for
Social Inclusion
The Risks of Inefficient Public Policies
Leisa Perch, Team Leader - Rural and Sustainable Development, IPC-IG/UNDP

2. About IPC-IG
Produces policy-oriented research and facilitates learning and
innovation at the global level on poverty reduction and
inclusive growth through:
 Applied Research & Knowledge Production
I. Inclusive Growth and Fiscal Space
II. Rural and Sustainable Development
III. Social Protection and Employment
 Outreach, Advocacy & Partnerships
 Policy Dialogue & South-South
 Exchange

3. Global Solutions
Rio + 20 will place a major
focus on institutions for
sustainable
development and on the
green economy
South-South cooperation
harness the comparative
 The role of emerging advantages of partners in
economies in global the South to bring about
sustainability challenges transformational change in
and solutions the global economy and to
 The emerging risks from support sustainability of
resource scarcity for social their own economic and
social development
equity and inclusive growth

4. Sustainability – The Change
Needed
Delivering across the three pillars of Sustainability:
Environmental, Social and Economic

5. 1.The Green Economy…
?
Getting the Policies
and Finance Right
“Whereas technology is often touted
as the starting point for green growth,
social dimensions may prove
to be even more crucial”
– Nicholas Perrin

6. Going Green with Equity
Social inclusion and the reduction of the inequalities
should be at the centre of the strategy
Will require social sustainability principles, such as:
• preferential access for the poor and vulnerable to
new jobs, green microfinance and infrastructure
• adaptable social protection mechanisms which
mitigate the impact of environmental and disaster risk and
provide income support for green consumption by the poor
• a rights-based approach which tackles fundamental
structural inequalities
Source: PERCH, Leisa (2012).The False Dichotomy Between Economy
and Society: Implications for a Global Green Economy. UNRISD

7. Creating a Virtuous Circle
Putting an end to the spiral of
environmental degradation and poverty:
 through
innovation in
employment and
education
 through synergies
between public
policy, the private
sector, the non-
profit sector
(NGOs) and civil
society
 through local and
sustainable
solutions bringing
co-benefits: for
example, the
nexus between
food and
nutrition, water
security and
energy

8. 2. Employment and Education
Role of Public Policy, Society,
Private Sector and NGOs
Those who have access to
resources, education and
opportunities are empowered and
less vulnerable to climate change,
because of their capacity to cope
and to identify or create other
opportunities for themselves

9. Equal access and opportunities
 Creating jobs is not enough. One must ensure that these
individuals are among the beneficiaries:
 More than 600 million people are disabled, many of whom live under the
poverty line
 More than 33 million live with HIV/AIDS
 Over 300 million are indigenous peoples
 More than 2 billion have no access to safe water and sanitation
 1.3 billion are without access to electricity
 More than a billion are undernourished
 Over 30 million are refugees or displaced people.
 More than one billion rural poor
 Education is key – youth, women, famers, etc.
Risk: Policies that ignore unequal access to finance, land, food,
education and other resources potentially result in further inequality
which can in turn reinforce unsustainable patterns

10. Management of natural assets
Social “Much of the planet’s remaining resources
are located in rural areas where more than
Accountability two thirds of the 1.4 billion people currently
living in extreme poverty reside. The
+ transparent, accountable and participatory
governance of natural assets is now a key
Ecological policy challenge which needs urgent
attention”1
Sustainability
• Reforming natural
resource law
• Establishing Indigenous
autonomy regimes
• Corporate Citizenship
• South-South Cooperation
1
Source: Khoday and Perch, Development from Below: Social Accountability in

11. Employment and Access to Food
Sourced from FAO, 2011: Presentation to Expert Group Meeting on The Challenges of Building Employment for Sustainable
Recovery

12. Mainstreaming gender
Fast facts:
• Women work two-thirds of the • Rural women are the main producers of
world’s working hours yet receive the world’s staple crops
only 10% of the world’s income.
• About half of economically active
• Women members of parliament women worldwide cite agriculture as their
globally average only 17% of all primary source of income, yet barely any
seats. 92% of all of the world’s
cabinet ministers are men. own the land they farm.
• Seventy-five percent of the world’s • Agriculture systems, which are women
876 million illiterate adults are centered and earth centered, are also
women. more productive.
• Men own 99% of the world’s
property.
• In a sample of 141 countries over
the period 1981–2002, it was found
that natural disasters (and their
subsequent impact) on average kill
more women than men or kill
women at an earlier age than men.
Sources: Social Watch, 2007 and 2008;
Oxfam, 2007; Neumayer and Plümper, 2007; and ILO, 2008.

13. 3. Measuring the Success
of Initiatives
Metrics based on:
Human rights
Civil, cultural, economic, political and social rights inherent to all human beings.
• Eg.: the right to food: Brazilian Food Insecurity Scale
Inequality
Inequity constitutes a violation of human rights. Are policies successful in
reducing disparities (eg. rural-urban gap, ethnic cliveages, etc.)?
• Eg.: Gini Coefficient, MDGs
Inclusiveness
Are policies socially-inclusive? (youth, marginalized, indigenous peoples, etc.)
Gender
Are policies gender-blind, gender-aware or gender-transformative? (WFP/ALINe)
• Eg.: The Women in Agriculture Empowerment Index (WAEI)
Sustainability and Environmental justice
Long–term plans and adaptation and Mitigation of Climate Change. Protects the
most vulnerable.
• Eg.: SDGs

14. Example: The Women’s
Empowerment in Agriculture Index
Example of a tool for measurement
This Index is an innovation in the measurement of women’s empowerment,
which was developed from July 2011 to February 2012 based on pilot
surveys conducted between September to November 2011 in Feed the
Future’s zones of influence in three countries with markedly different
sociocultural contexts: Bangladesh, Guatemala, and Uganda
Source: IFPRI (2012). The Women<s Empowerment in Agriculture Index.

15. 4. The Brazilian Context

16. 5. Innovative Programs and Policies
In the emerging South:
 India’s National Rural Employment Guarantee Scheme
 Brazil’s biofuel industry and approach to food security
 South Africa’s Expanded Public Works Programme
 Ethiopia’s Productive Safety Net Programme
Global:
 Poverty and Environment Initiative – UNEP, UNDP and
REDD
 UNDP’s Women Green Business Initiative
 Ethical Markets Network

17. Example: UNDP’s Women
Green Business Alternative
• Green economy initiatives are not
automatically inclusive.
• This initiative equips women to engage in
new economic activities that address
climate change threats while building
self-sufficient and resilient communities
by implementing three strategic
elements:
1)Creating a policy environment that
enhances equal opportunities for women
2)Building capacity for women
entrepreneurs
3)Increasing women’s access to climate
http://www.dfid.gov.uk/r4d/news.asp?ArticleID=50436
change finance mechanisms

18. The Solidarity Economy (Brazil)
“Social economy’’ or growth driven by social accountability and
responsibility combined with a focus on environmental sustainability.
In Brazil, the "Solidarity Economy" started in the 1980s with the organization of rural
workers, it expanded in the 90s and early 2000s into a social movement.
It is now linked into the national policy framework through a National Secretariat and a
council and more recently a policy signed by Lula integrating the solidarity economy into
Brazil’s growth strategy. In 2005 it involved over a million persons and 41% of
municipalities in Brazil. While linked to the concept of productive inclusion, it goes further.
In November 2010, President Lula signed a decree making Brazil the first Equitable and
Solidarity trade system in the world that is recognized and supported by the state[1].
Solidarity Economy is a vision in which a series of
parameters are to be followed during the execution of
public policies aimed at creating employment and
revenues through actions of promotion of the solidarity
economy and of fair trade.

19. Thank You!
Leisa Perch
Team Leader –Rural and Sustainable Development
IPC-IG/UNDP
Ministerio do Exercito, Esplanada dos Ministerios,
Bloco O, 7 Andar, Brasilia
DF
Email: leisa.perch@ipc-undp.org
Tel: +55 61 2105 5012