1. Check In.
• How are you guys doing with this?
• Comfortable with the material so far?
• Be prepared to talk about what you have
learned the past few days and apply it?
• Haven’t talked yet? Lets hear from you.
• Reminder: H/w in the box.

2. Quick Lesson on “note-taking”
Strategies for easier and faster notes:
1. Come prepared: No Pencil No Paper No bueno!
2. These notes are not for me. They are for you.
Coping doesn’t cut it! Your words – Your
memory - Your connections!
3. Abbreviations: @ # ! & , conjunctions, ppl, plc
4. Summarize: Key player, key date, key location
goes first. Easy for retention – easy to find!
5. Strong words stay! Weak words do not.

3. Tricks to shrink them.
1. Turn a section into a question. Questions
have a much stronger ability call up memories
2. If you re-copy, use a highlights and only grab
sentences and words that you absolutely
need.
3. “Fact-lets” – who/what/where…Maybe why..
Ex: “George Rutabengu/Def. Min/Kigali 1994”

4. Lets Begin…

5. Rwanda:
The Beginning of the End

7. Rwanda: You Must Know (YMK)
• April 6, 1994, and for the next hundred days,
up to 800,000 Tutsis were killed by Hutu
militia by as many as 10,000 killed each day.
• Fact: Rwanda is one of the smallest countries
in Central Africa, with just 7 million people,
and is comprised of two main ‘ethnic’ groups,
the Hutu and the Tutsi.

9. Rwanda: YMK Cont.
• Hutus account for 90 percent of the
population.
• In the past, the Tutsi minority was considered
the aristocracy of Rwanda and dominated
under Belgian colonial rule.
• Following independence from Belgium in
1962, the Hutu majority seized power and
reversed the roles, oppressing the Tutsi.

11. Rwanda: YMK Cont.
• 200,000 Tutsis fled to neighboring countries and
formed a rebel guerrilla army, the Rwandan
Patriotic Front.
• 1990, RPF invades Rwanda and forces Hutu
President Juvenal Habyalimana into signing an
agreement which required power sharing.
• Tensions heighten, October 1993 when Melchior
Ndadaye was an assassinated. the first popularly
elected Hutu president of Burundi.

13. Rwanda: YMK Cont.
• United Nations dispatches a peacekeeping
force of 2,500 multinational soldiers to
preserve the fragile Tutis/Hutu cease-fire.
• Peace is threatened by Hutu extremists who
are violently opposed to sharing power with
any Tutsis: This violence included
extermination.

15. Rwanda: YMK Cont.
• April 1994, Rwandan President Habyalimana
and Burundi's new President, Cyprien
Ntaryamira, hold several peace meetings with
Tutsi rebels.
• April 6, returning from a meeting in Tanzania,
a small jet carrying the two presidents is shot
down by a ground-fired missile as it
approaches Rwanda's Kigali Airport.

17. Rwanda: YMK Cont.
• Rwanda plunges into political turmoil as Hutu
extremists begin targeting those on their
death-lists: prominent opposition, moderate
Hutu politicians, and Tutsi leaders.
• The killings spread throughout the countryside
as Hutu militia, armed with machetes, clubs,
guns and grenades, began indiscriminately
killing Tutsi civilians and any sympathizers.

19. Rwanda: YMK Cont.
• U.N. peacekeeping forces are overwhelmed as
terrified Tutsi families and moderate politicians
seek protection.
• Ten soldiers from Belgium are captured by the
Hutus, tortured and murdered.
• As a result, the United States, France, Belgium,
and Italy all began evacuating all personnel from
Rwanda.
• Evacuate: Tutsi civilians or Hutu moderates are
left behind at the mercy of the avenging Hutu.

21. Rwanda: YMK Cont.
• U.N, New York, killings are initially categorized as
a breakdown in the cease-fire between the Tutsi
and Hutu. Throughout the massacre, both the
U.N. and the U.S. carefully refrain from labeling
the killings as genocide: which would necessitate
emergency intervention.
• April 21, Red Cross estimates that hundreds of
thousands of Tutsi have already been massacred
since April 6 - an extraordinary rate of killing.

23. Rwanda: YMK Cont.
• U.N. Security Council responds by voting
unanimously to abandon Rwanda. The
remainder of U.N. peacekeeping troops are
pulled out, leaving behind only tiny force of
about 200 soldiers for the entire country.
• Hutu, without opposition from the world,
engage in genocidal mania, clubbing and
hacking the defenseless to death.

25. Rwanda: YMK Cont.
• In local villages, militiamen force Hutus to kill
their Tutsi neighbors or face a death themselves.
• By mid May, an estimated 500,000 Tutsis had
been slaughtered.
• Confronted with international TV images
depicting genocide, the U.N. Security Council
votes to send 5,000 troops to Rwanda. However,
the Security Council fails to establish a
meaningful timetable and troops remain un-
deployed.

27. Rwanda: YMK Cont.
• The killings ends after armed Tutsi rebels,
invading from neighboring countries,
managed to defeat the Hutus and halt the
genocide in July 1994. By then, over one-tenth
of the population, an estimated 800,000
persons, had been killed.

29. Frontline Documentary:
• Relevant Questions?
– Student provided
– Trends?
• Movie Worksheet:
– Why chunks of something?
• Discussion Points
• Exit Questions

30. Warm it Up!
Surprise: No need to write. Pencils down.
Ears open – Minds on!
Task: Think/Pair/Share – 3min
1) Please share two facts from your notes from
yesterday. Pertinent. Meaningful. Surprising.
2) Please share two questions you still have…

31. Day Two: Hollywood
• Selected Clips from:
Hotel Rwanda and Sometimes in April.
• Things to think about:

32. How would you write a review to a
film with this subject/topic matter?
– You will write a short film review or bio-short on
what you have seen.
– Keep it short, clean, and tightly worded.
– This should be something you would expect to see
in a magazine or on the back of a book. This tells
your audience concisely: what they should expect,
what were exciting, memorable moments, and an
incomplete synopsis that leaves them curious.

33. Responsibilities
• Make no mistake! This is a sensitive issue.
• How would you suggest we address it?
• Making movies? Historical fact/Fiction?
• Is there some level of social responsibility to
report these histories accurately or can we
embellish, choose, or entertain? If so, to what
degree?

34. Reminder:
Poor Answer: I think the movie was really good
because it showed a lot about the Rwanda
conflict. There was some genocide and stuff –
which is bad. The actors seemed real so I
guess it was pretty close to the real thing. You
should go see this movie because it’s great.
Enjoy…

35. Reminder.
Good Answer: Hollywood has approached the
Rwandan conflict with fictional accounts of
the genocide. Each film plays to the strengths
of historical facts but yields a solid product
that provides both entertainment and
considerable thought. Sometimes in April and
Hotel Rwanda help to illuminate the conflict
that has been so easily forgotten and reminds
us that complacence comes at a very
substantial cost.

36. Task:
3-5 sentences or one paragraph will suffice. (EACH)
Task 1: Film review/Bio/Synopsis of what you saw
and what stories are told.
And…
Task 2: Op/Ed Piece. How should the
entertainment and media industries use
historical or controversial material? What do
you think?