The document discusses how Korea achieved the highest secondary education rate in the world. It provides historical context on Korea's emphasis on education dating back to Confucian influences that valued scholarship. Private schools emerged in the early 20th century as part of the independence movement against Japanese occupation. After World War 2 and the Korean War, the government prioritized education to aid economic recovery and development, establishing policies like free public education to boost attainment rates which ultimately led Korea to having the highest secondary education completion rate globally.

1. Asi
How Did Korea Achieve
Society
the Highest Secondary Education Rate
in the World?
Dr. Soobong Uh
Professor, Economics and Management
HONG KONG
HOUSTON
LOS ANGELES
MALILA
MELBOURNE
MUMBAI
Korea University of Technology and Education
NEW YORK
SAN FRANCISCO
SHANGHAI
WASHINGTON D.C.
WORLD HEADQUARTERS:
725 Park Avenue
New York, NY 10021 5088
Phone 212.288.6400
Fax 212.517.8315
www.asiasociety.org

2. Asi
Contents
Society
Ⅰ. Facts
Ⅱ. Consequences
Ⅲ. Why and How?
HONG KONG
HOUSTON
LOS ANGELES
MALILA
MELBOURNE
MUMBAI
NEW YORK
SAN FRANCISCO
SHANGHAI
WASHINGTON D.C.
WORLD HEADQUARTERS:
725 Park Avenue
New York, NY 10021 5088
Phone 212.288.6400
Fax 212.517.8315
www.asiasociety.org

3. Asi
Fact 1:
Trend of higher education in Korea
Society
%
100
90
80
70
60
50
40
30
20
10
0
HONG KONG
HOUSTON
1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006
LOS ANGELES
MALILA
MELBOURNE
year
MUMBAI
NEW YORK
SAN FRANCISCO
SHANGHAI
WASHINGTON D.C.
Primary school  junior school High school  college College  graduate School
Junior school High school
WORLD HEADQUARTERS:
725 Park Avenue
New York, NY 10021 5088
Phone 212.288.6400
Fax 212.517.8315
www.asiasociety.org

4. Asi
Fact 2:
PISA 2006 results
Science Reading Mathematics
Society
Rank performance performance performance
1 Finland (563) Korea (556) Finland (548)
2 Canada (534) Finland (547) Korea (547)
3 Japan (531) Canada (527) Netherlands (531)
4 New Zealand (530) Ireland (517) Switzerland (530)
5 Korea (522) Australia (513) Canada (527)
6 Germany (516) Poland (508) Japan (523)
7 United Kingdom (515) Sweden (507) New Zealand (522)
8 Czech Republic (513) Netherlands (507) Belgium (520)
HONG KONG
HOUSTON
9 Switzerland (512) Belgium (501) Austria (520)
LOS ANGELES
MALILA
MELBOURNE
MUMBAI
NEW YORK
SAN FRANCISCO
10 Austria (511) Switzerland (499) Denmark (513)
SHANGHAI
WASHINGTON D.C.
WORLD HEADQUARTERS:
725 Park Avenue
Source: OECD PISA 2006 database. Figure 6.8b, PISA 2006: Science Competencies for Tomorrow’s World.
New York, NY 10021 5088
Phone 212.288.6400
OECD PISA 2006 database. Figure 6.20b, PISA 2006: Science Competencies for Tomorrow’s World.
Fax 212.517.8315
www.asiasociety.org
OECD PISA 2006 database. Table 2.1c and Figure 2.11c, PISA 2006: Science Competencies for Tomorrow’s World.

5. Asi
Consequence 1:
Fast economic development
Society
20,000 100
18,000 90
16,000 80
14,000 70
12,000 60
10,000 50
8,000 40
6,000 30
4,000 20
2,000 10
0 0
HONG KONG
HOUSTON
1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006
LOS ANGELES
MALILA
MELBOURNE
MUMBAI
NEW YORK
SAN FRANCISCO
SHANGHAI
WASHINGTON D.C.
WORLD HEADQUARTERS:
Gross national income Primary school  junior school High school  college College  graduate School
Junior school High school
725 Park Avenue
New York, NY 10021 5088
Phone 212.288.6400
Fax 212.517.8315
www.asiasociety.org

6. Asi
Consequence 2:
Low Unemployment
42%
Society
9.7%
10
7.5%
8
7.3% 7.2%
6
5.1%
3.9%
4.0%
4
3.1% 3.2%
2.5%
1.7% 2
0
a
an
es
ia
a
an
m
a
HONG KONG
re
na
nd
al
si
sh
di
s
iw
in
na
HOUSTON
st
ep
ne
ay
Ko
i
la
In
de
Ch
LOS ANGELES
pp
Ta
et
ki
ai
N
al
do
MALILA
ili
la
Pa
Vi
Th
MELBOURNE
M
In
ng
Ph
MUMBAI
NEW YORK
Ba
SAN FRANCISCO
SHANGHAI
WASHINGTON D.C.
WORLD HEADQUARTERS:
725 Park Avenue
New York, NY 10021 5088
Phone 212.288.6400
Fax 212.517.8315
www.asiasociety.org

7. Asi
Trend of unemployment rate in Korea
Society
1997
Financial Crisis
1979
Oil Shock
HONG KONG
HOUSTON
LOS ANGELES
MALILA
MELBOURNE
MUMBAI
NEW YORK
SAN FRANCISCO
SHANGHAI
WASHINGTON D.C.
WORLD HEADQUARTERS:
725 Park Avenue
New York, NY 10021 5088
Phone 212.288.6400
Fax 212.517.8315
www.asiasociety.org

8. Asi
Consequence 3:
Social Equity (Gini coefficient)
Society
50
40
30
20
10
0
a
an
es
ia
a
an
m
a
HONG KONG
re
na
nd
al
si
sh
di
s
iw
in
na
HOUSTON
st
ep
ne
ay
Ko
i
la
In
de
Ch
LOS ANGELES
pp
Ta
et
ki
ai
N
al
do
MALILA
ili
la
Pa
Vi
Th
MELBOURNE
M
In
ng
Ph
MUMBAI
NEW YORK
Ba
SAN FRANCISCO
SHANGHAI
WASHINGTON D.C.
WORLD HEADQUARTERS:
725 Park Avenue
New York, NY 10021 5088
Phone 212.288.6400
Fax 212.517.8315
www.asiasociety.org

9. Asi
A report, titled, quot;Inequality in Asia”, a publication of Asian
Society
Development Bank(ADB) on the past year, showed that, out
of 22 Asian developing countries surveyed,
the highest income gap between the rich and poor in Nepal
and, next in order, China, the Philipines, Turkmenistan,
Thailand and Malaysia. Korea ranked third in narrowing the
gulf, following Kirghizstan and Pakistan.
The report falls short of Gini's coefficient in each country
surveyed, only showing the table.
Gini's coefficient as for China is estimated at the late 40's.
HONG KONG
HOUSTON
LOS ANGELES
MALILA
MELBOURNE
MUMBAI
NEW YORK
SAN FRANCISCO
SHANGHAI
WASHINGTON D.C.
WORLD HEADQUARTERS:
725 Park Avenue
New York, NY 10021 5088
Phone 212.288.6400
Fax 212.517.8315
www.asiasociety.org

10. Asi
Consequence 4:
Democratization
Society
△Ah, My Fatherland! -- a photo nominated as one of AP's
100 greatest in the 20th century
It shows a man with his upper body naked, shouting quot;No
more firing!quot;, running toward the police blockade shrouded
with teargas bombs in the street of Munhyun rotary in
Pusan. The picture representing Korea's democratization in
most symbolistic manner was included in 1999 one of 100
HONG KONG
greatest photos in the 20th century according to AP.
HOUSTON
LOS ANGELES
MALILA
MELBOURNE
MUMBAI
NEW YORK
SAN FRANCISCO
SHANGHAI
Funeral procession of Martyr Lee, Han Yeol leaving △
WASHINGTON D.C.
from the entrance of Yonsei University in July of 1987,
WORLD HEADQUARTERS:
725 Park Avenue
bounded for his far-remote homeland Gwangju
New York, NY 10021 5088
Phone 212.288.6400
Fax 212.517.8315
www.asiasociety.org

11. Asi
Why higher education in Korea?
Society
3. Historical Background
5. Economic Motivation
7. Social Incentives
9. Government policies
HONG KONG
HOUSTON
LOS ANGELES
MALILA
MELBOURNE
MUMBAI
NEW YORK
SAN FRANCISCO
SHANGHAI
WASHINGTON D.C.
WORLD HEADQUARTERS:
725 Park Avenue
New York, NY 10021 5088
Phone 212.288.6400
Fax 212.517.8315
www.asiasociety.org

12. Historical Background 1 :
Asi
Confucianism and social hierarchism composed of
scholar, farmer, industrialist and commercialist
Society
The ancient class society consisting of
nobility, commoner and slave
士
農
工
HONG KONG
the agrarian society was engraved deeply,
HOUSTON
LOS ANGELES
it became more concrete to form a social hierarchy
MALILA
MELBOURNE
商
MUMBAI
based on status called 'Sa-nong-kong-sang',
NEW YORK
SAN FRANCISCO
i.e. four classes of scholar, farmer, industrialist and commercialist.
SHANGHAI
WASHINGTON D.C.
WORLD HEADQUARTERS:
725 Park Avenue
New York, NY 10021 5088
Phone 212.288.6400
Fax 212.517.8315
www.asiasociety.org

13. Asi
Society
In Chosun dynasty adopting Confucianism
as its philosophy for the politics and religion,
Sa-nong-kong-sang was a ruling system over the society.
As there was a saying, quot;The farmer is the core among the
Heaven and the Ground--Agriculture is the basis of
national existence,quot; nothing but farming could be found to
the extent of little noticeablility in national income.
HONG KONG
HOUSTON
LOS ANGELES
MALILA
MELBOURNE
MUMBAI
NEW YORK
SAN FRANCISCO
SHANGHAI
WASHINGTON D.C.
WORLD HEADQUARTERS:
725 Park Avenue
New York, NY 10021 5088
Phone 212.288.6400
Fax 212.517.8315
www.asiasociety.org

14. Historical Background 2 :
Asi
Kwageo system acting to open
the offices to the talented
Society
HONG KONG
HOUSTON
LOS ANGELES
MALILA
MELBOURNE
MUMBAI
NEW YORK
SAN FRANCISCO
SHANGHAI
WASHINGTON D.C.
WORLD HEADQUARTERS:
725 Park Avenue
New York, NY 10021 5088
Phone 212.288.6400
Fax 212.517.8315
www.asiasociety.org

15. Asi
Society
The Kwageo was a meaningful state-run examination fairly
putting into practice based on ability far beyond then-existent
consanguinity and political ties.
In addition, it served getting closer to a philosophical politics,
making it possible to recruit men of ability based on academic
standard, which was an exemplary case in civilized nations.
HONG KONG
HOUSTON
LOS ANGELES
MALILA
MELBOURNE
MUMBAI
NEW YORK
SAN FRANCISCO
SHANGHAI
WASHINGTON D.C.
WORLD HEADQUARTERS:
725 Park Avenue
New York, NY 10021 5088
Phone 212.288.6400
Fax 212.517.8315
www.asiasociety.org

16. Historical Background 3 :
Asi
Foundation of private schools
as means of independence movement
Society
△ Daesung School in Pyungyang founded in 1908
HONG KONG
HOUSTON
LOS ANGELES
◁ Mundan-soorok,
MALILA
MELBOURNE
a writing in Korean and Chinese characters by Ahn, Chang Ho(1878-1938)
MUMBAI
NEW YORK
keeping a record of Daesung School located in Pyungyang
SAN FRANCISCO
SHANGHAI
WASHINGTON D.C.
WORLD HEADQUARTERS:
725 Park Avenue
New York, NY 10021 5088
Phone 212.288.6400
Fax 212.517.8315
www.asiasociety.org

17. Asi
The patriotism and enlightenment movement which was made for
Society
1905-1910 laid much emphasis on economical self-alliance and
national cultivation through education.
Since the Eulsa Treaty concluded in 1905, there has strongly
emerged a necessity of education in pursue of recovery of
national rights, putting into action the establishment of approx.
3,000 private schools over the nation including Daesung School in
Pyungyang and Osan School in Jungju.
This national drive was suffered by the ruling Japanese
oppression as it promulgated the Private School Act in 1908.
HONG KONG
HOUSTON
LOS ANGELES
MALILA
MELBOURNE
MUMBAI
NEW YORK
SAN FRANCISCO
SHANGHAI
WASHINGTON D.C.
WORLD HEADQUARTERS:
725 Park Avenue
New York, NY 10021 5088
Phone 212.288.6400
Fax 212.517.8315
www.asiasociety.org

18. Asi
Historical Background 4 :
Liberation and Korean War
Society
△ Daejeon, South Korean Civilians murdered
by retreating PLA
HONG KONG
HOUSTON
LOS ANGELES
MALILA
MELBOURNE
MUMBAI
NEW YORK
◁ Civilians fleeing south over Daedong River
SAN FRANCISCO
SHANGHAI
WASHINGTON D.C.
using destroyed bridge Pyongyang
WORLD HEADQUARTERS:
725 Park Avenue
New York, NY 10021 5088
Phone 212.288.6400
Fax 212.517.8315
www.asiasociety.org

19. Asi
Society
Liberation from colony and the Korean war had
totally demolished physical capital as well as
social class.
3. Land reform: No large landlord
4. 3 years war: No industrial plant
-> Korean people has started equally with bare
hands.
HONG KONG
HOUSTON
LOS ANGELES
MALILA
MELBOURNE
MUMBAI
NEW YORK
SAN FRANCISCO
SHANGHAI
WASHINGTON D.C.
WORLD HEADQUARTERS:
725 Park Avenue
New York, NY 10021 5088
Phone 212.288.6400
Fax 212.517.8315
www.asiasociety.org

20. Economic Motivation 1 :
Asi
Higher the rate of return,
higher the investment in education
Society
The trend of the rate of return from educational investment
0.16
0.15
0.14
0.13
0.12
0.11
0.10
0.09
0.08
HONG KONG
HOUSTON
00
89
93
97
98
83
84
85
86
87
88
90
92
94
95
96
99
91
LOS ANGELES
MALILA
19
20
19
19
19
19
19
19
19
19
19
19
19
19
19
19
19
19
MELBOURNE
MUMBAI
NEW YORK
SAN FRANCISCO
Source : An estimation based on Statistical Survey on Wages,
SHANGHAI
WASHINGTON D.C.
Ministry of Labor, Korea
WORLD HEADQUARTERS:
725 Park Avenue
New York, NY 10021 5088
Phone 212.288.6400
Fax 212.517.8315
www.asiasociety.org

21. Asi
Trend of the rate of return from educational
investment: by gender and schooling
Society
25.0
Male graduates College
20.0
Female graduates College
15.0 Male graduates high school
10.0 Female graduates high school
5.0
HONG KONG
HOUSTON
00
89
93
97
98
83
84
85
86
87
88
90
92
94
95
96
99
91
LOS ANGELES
MALILA
19
20
19
19
19
19
19
19
19
19
19
19
19
19
19
19
19
19
MELBOURNE
MUMBAI
NEW YORK
SAN FRANCISCO
Source : An estimation based on Statistical Survey on Wage Frame, the Ministry of Labor, Korea
SHANGHAI
WASHINGTON D.C.
WORLD HEADQUARTERS:
725 Park Avenue
New York, NY 10021 5088
Phone 212.288.6400
Fax 212.517.8315
www.asiasociety.org

22. Asi
Economic Motivation 2: Wage premium
Society
Mo n th ly in c o m e b y e d u c a tio n a l a tta in m e n t
3,540
college(26.4%)
3,260
3,080
3,030
2,800
2,360High school(19.9%)
2,140 2,160
2,080
1,960
1,480 1,400 Junior school(1%)
1,400
1,390 1,360
1,220 Primary school
1,180
1,090 1,160
(11.9%)
1,130
2003 2004 2005 2006 2007
HONG KONG
HOUSTON
LOS ANGELES
MALILA
MELBOURNE
MUMBAI
NEW YORK
* Source: Office of Statistics
SAN FRANCISCO
SHANGHAI
WASHINGTON D.C.
* ( ): increasing for 4 years
WORLD HEADQUARTERS:
725 Park Avenue
* unit: thousand USD
New York, NY 10021 5088
Phone 212.288.6400
Fax 212.517.8315
www.asiasociety.org

23. Asi
Society
Wage difference between college graduates and
junior school graduates has been even greater
in 2000s.
2003: 2.01 times -> 2007: 2.52 times
HONG KONG
HOUSTON
LOS ANGELES
MALILA
MELBOURNE
MUMBAI
NEW YORK
SAN FRANCISCO
SHANGHAI
WASHINGTON D.C.
WORLD HEADQUARTERS:
725 Park Avenue
New York, NY 10021 5088
Phone 212.288.6400
Fax 212.517.8315
www.asiasociety.org

24. Asi
Economic Motivation 3:
segmented labor market
Society
Korean labor markets has been segmented along with fast
industrialization mainly by sex and education.
Therefore higher education becomes more essential to enter the
primary labor markets.
Lower education is found to be more and more disadvantaged in
entering job markets as well as in attaining higher wages.
HONG KONG
HOUSTON
LOS ANGELES
MALILA
MELBOURNE
MUMBAI
NEW YORK
SAN FRANCISCO
SHANGHAI
WASHINGTON D.C.
WORLD HEADQUARTERS:
725 Park Avenue
New York, NY 10021 5088
Phone 212.288.6400
Fax 212.517.8315
www.asiasociety.org

25. Asi
Social incentive 1 :
Education as social network
Society
Higher education is essential to enter into higher society
and more power.
In Korea, the educational background is often blamed to be
the first and the most important factor to get the social
network in which major decisions are made.
Education is “myth” as well as “reality”,
being considered as social capital.
HONG KONG
HOUSTON
LOS ANGELES
MALILA
MELBOURNE
MUMBAI
NEW YORK
SAN FRANCISCO
SHANGHAI
WASHINGTON D.C.
WORLD HEADQUARTERS:
725 Park Avenue
New York, NY 10021 5088
Phone 212.288.6400
Fax 212.517.8315
www.asiasociety.org

26. Asi
Education as network (continued):
Only 10 major university graduates have 73.8% of positions
in high-ranking government offices
Society
307 24.3%
109 8.6%
97 7.7%
97 7.7%
77 6.1%
71 5.6%
70 5.5%
37 2.9%
36 2.8%
33 2.6%
32
22
18
18
17
15
15
14
HONG KONG
HOUSTON
LOS ANGELES
14
MALILA
MELBOURNE
12
MUMBAI
NEW YORK
SAN FRANCISCO
11
SHANGHAI
WASHINGTON D.C.
WORLD HEADQUARTERS:
725 Park Avenue
New York, NY 10021 5088
Phone 212.288.6400
Fax 212.517.8315
www.asiasociety.org

27. Asi
Social Incentive 2 :
lower birth rate
Society
107 Countries Niger (50.16), Mali (49.61), Uganda (48.12), Afghanistan (46.21), Sierra Leone (45.41)
Burkina Faso (45.28), Somalia (44.60), Angola (44.51), Liberia (43.75), Congo, Democratic (42.96),
Philippines (24.48), Nauru (24.47)
………, Bangladesh (29.36), … , Paraguay (28.77), …,
World Average…, Bolivia (22.82), India (22.69), Malaysia (22.65), …, Kuwait (21.95), Ecuador (21.91) et
(20.09 )
The crude birth rate lower than that of Korea falls only
into 25 countries among 223 nations over the world,
the figure of which remains comparably short of
20.09 persons on the global average.
S. Korea
(9.93) San Marino (9.89), Hungary (9.66), Switzerland (9.66), Croatia (9.63), Bulgaria (9.62)
Singapore (9.17)
Greece (9.62), Belarus (9.50), Ukraine (9.45), Latvia (9.43),
Monaco (9.12), Jersey (9.02), Slovenia (9.00), Taiwan (8.97), Czech Republic (8.96)
Lithuania (8.87), Bosnia and Herzegovina (8.80), Austria (8.69), Guernsey (8.65), Macau (8.57)
25 Countries Italy (8.54), Andorra (8.45), Germany (8.20), Japan (8.10), Hong Kong (7.34)
HONG KONG
HOUSTON
LOS ANGELES
MALILA
MELBOURNE
MUMBAI
NEW YORK
SAN FRANCISCO
SHANGHAI
WASHINGTON D.C.
Crude birth rate : This entry gives the average annual number of births during a year per 1,000 persons in the population at midyear;
WORLD HEADQUARTERS:
also known as crude birth rate. The birth rate is usually the dominant factor in determining the rate of population growth.
725 Park Avenue
New York, NY 10021 5088
It depends on both the level of fertility and the age structure of the population.
Phone 212.288.6400
Fax 212.517.8315
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28. Asi
Society
The total fertility rate, or the number of children per
woman's lifetime, stands at 1.28 in Korea in 2007.
-> Young Korean Parents can afford to invest in higher
education for their children more than ever.
HONG KONG
HOUSTON
LOS ANGELES
MALILA
MELBOURNE
MUMBAI
NEW YORK
SAN FRANCISCO
SHANGHAI
WASHINGTON D.C.
WORLD HEADQUARTERS:
725 Park Avenue
New York, NY 10021 5088
Phone 212.288.6400
Fax 212.517.8315
www.asiasociety.org

29. Asi
Overall, in Korea,
Society
Higher education is believed to be the most
important factor to get
4.Higher income
5.Job Security
6.Social status
7.Heritage to be given to children
HONG KONG
HOUSTON
LOS ANGELES
MALILA
MELBOURNE
MUMBAI
NEW YORK
SAN FRANCISCO
In short, it is the engine of success to ordinary Koreans.
SHANGHAI
WASHINGTON D.C.
WORLD HEADQUARTERS:
725 Park Avenue
New York, NY 10021 5088
Phone 212.288.6400
Fax 212.517.8315
www.asiasociety.org

30. Asi
Government policy 1 :
Higher budget to Education
Society
(unit : million USD, %)
1970 1980 1990 1995 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005
Total Budget(A) 446 5,804 22,689 54,845 118,920 124,463 136,618 142,940 146,873 160,145
Education(B) 78 1,099 5,062 12,496 19,172 20,034 22,273 24,404 26,340 27,982
B/A(%) 17.6 18.9 22.3 22.8 16.1 16.1 16.3 17.1 18 17.5
Of GDP(%) 2.8 2.8 2.7 3.1 3.3 3.2 3.3 3.4 3.6 3.4
Schooling expenditure 144 1,971 8,524 19,215 31,507 35,321 38,830 46,035 48,258 49,525
Of GDP(%) 5.4 5.7 4.7 5.5 6 6.4 5.7 6.4 6.2 6.5
Source : Ministry of Education
HONG KONG
HOUSTON
LOS ANGELES
MALILA
MELBOURNE
MUMBAI
NEW YORK
SAN FRANCISCO
SHANGHAI
WASHINGTON D.C.
WORLD HEADQUARTERS:
725 Park Avenue
New York, NY 10021 5088
Phone 212.288.6400
Fax 212.517.8315
www.asiasociety.org

31. Asi
The budget of the Ministry of Education totals to 29 trillion
Society
Won(U$29 billion), 6 times larger than that of 1990, sharing
20% more or less in central government budget.
Koreans spend more than 6% of GDP on formal schooling,
which does not include the expenditure on informal learning, of
which cost is expected to be even greater than that of formal
schooling.
HONG KONG
HOUSTON
LOS ANGELES
MALILA
MELBOURNE
MUMBAI
NEW YORK
SAN FRANCISCO
SHANGHAI
WASHINGTON D.C.
WORLD HEADQUARTERS:
725 Park Avenue
New York, NY 10021 5088
Phone 212.288.6400
Fax 212.517.8315
www.asiasociety.org

32. Asi
Government policy 2 :
higher remuneration program for teachers
Teacher is a good occupation with job security and higher salaries.
Society
Rank of school teachers’ wages(2004)
Entry
Rank 15th years after last
Luxembourg
1 86,712 Luxembourg Luxembourg
83,390 115,899
Switzerland
2 42,445 Switzerland Korea
55,115 78,351
Germany
3 39,132 Korea Switzerland
48,754 66,189
Spain
4 35,098 Germany Japan
48,167 58,373
:
: :
Korea
10 28,449
* unit: USD(PPP)
HONG KONG
* source: OECD
HOUSTON
LOS ANGELES
MALILA
MELBOURNE
MUMBAI
NEW YORK
SAN FRANCISCO
SHANGHAI
WASHINGTON D.C.
WORLD HEADQUARTERS:
725 Park Avenue
New York, NY 10021 5088
Phone 212.288.6400
Fax 212.517.8315
www.asiasociety.org

33. Asi
Government policy 2 :
High competition to be school teachers (2008)
Society
Seoul 19.92 13.61 Gangwon-do
Incheon 26.30
Gyeonggi-do 19.36
18.41 Daegu
Deajeon 16.28
Chungcheongnam-do 18.05 22.07
Gyeongsangbuk-do
Chungcheongbuk-do 19.66
Jeollabuk-do 17.33
18.18 Busan
Gwangju 16.30
HONG KONG
24.84 Ulsan
HOUSTON
Jeollanam-do 17.44
LOS ANGELES
MALILA
23.75 Gyeongsangnam-do
MELBOURNE
MUMBAI
NEW YORK
SAN FRANCISCO
SHANGHAI
WASHINGTON D.C.
WORLD HEADQUARTERS:
13.97 Jeju-do
725 Park Avenue
New York, NY 10021 5088
Phone 212.288.6400
Fax 212.517.8315
www.asiasociety.org

34. Asi
Trend of competition to be school teachers
for the recent three years
Society
District 2006 2007 2008
Seoul 13.73 17.65 19.92
Incheon 12.45 15.56 26.30
Gyeonggi-do 12.19 14.72 19.36
Deajeon 11.46 11.91 16.28
Chungcheongnam-do 8.44 11.24 18.05
Chungcheongbuk-do 8.64 12.38 19.66
Gwangju 9.14 11.11 16.30
Jeollanam-do 8.81 13.41 17.44
Jeollabuk-do 11.43 10.75 17.33
8.55 11.08 18.18
Busan
10.68 14.09 24.84
Ulsan
11.26 17.51 23.75
Gyeongsangnam-do
10.62 12.36 18.41
Daegu
10.24 16.56 22.07
HONG KONG
Gyeongsangbuk-do
HOUSTON
LOS ANGELES
11.07 8.06 13.61
Gangwon-do
MALILA
MELBOURNE
MUMBAI
NEW YORK
4.60 5.18 13.97
Jeju-do
SAN FRANCISCO
SHANGHAI
WASHINGTON D.C.
total 11.29 13.92 19.53
WORLD HEADQUARTERS:
725 Park Avenue
New York, NY 10021 5088
Phone 212.288.6400
Fax 212.517.8315
www.asiasociety.org

35. Asi
Challenges : Higher education?
Society
1. Too Fast?
- Skill Mismatch between demand and supply
-> Higher rate of youth unemployment and Less technicians
7.Quality?
HONG KONG
-Increasing Complaints on quality of higher education
HOUSTON
LOS ANGELES
MALILA
MELBOURNE
MUMBAI
NEW YORK
SAN FRANCISCO
SHANGHAI
WASHINGTON D.C.
=> Reform of Higher Education is on-going.
WORLD HEADQUARTERS:
725 Park Avenue
New York, NY 10021 5088
Phone 212.288.6400
Fax 212.517.8315
www.asiasociety.org

36. Asi
Society
Thank you.
Korea University of Technology and Education
Dept. of Industrial Management
Professor / Director, KUT-HRD Research Center
Soobong Uh, Ph. D.
HONG KONG
HOUSTON
307, Gajeon-ri, Byeoncheon-myeon, Cheonan City
LOS ANGELES
MALILA
Chungnam Province 330-708, Republic of Korea
MELBOURNE
MUMBAI
NEW YORK
TEL : +82-41-560-1431 / 560-1370
SAN FRANCISCO
SHANGHAI
FAX : +82-41-560-1439
WASHINGTON D.C.
Mobile : +82-10-9033-9137
WORLD HEADQUARTERS:
725 Park Avenue
E-mail : soobong@kut.ac.kr
New York, NY 10021 5088
Phone 212.288.6400
Fax 212.517.8315
www.asiasociety.org