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POTENTIAL OF STP’S IN
BANGALORE
By
V. C. Kumar
Executive Engineer, BWSSB
Bangalore Water Supply and Sewerage Board

A statutory organization set up in 1964
under the BWSSB Act whose core
functions & responsibilities include :
 Providing water supply & sewerage and
sewage disposal systems
 Ensuring sufficient of domestic water
supply to the required standards.
 Levying & collecting water/sanitation
charges on a no loss/no profit basis.
Bruhath Bangalore Mahanagara Palike
Boundaries

Sq.K
m

1

BMA

1306

2

Bruhath Bangalore

810

i) Core Area Sewerage
Catchments

245

ii)7-CMCs & 1-TMC

250

iii) 111 Villages around
Bangalore

315

S.No.

BMRDA
Boundary
1306 Sq. Kms
CDP Boundary
594 Sq. Kms
Core Area
226 Sq. Kms
BBMP
Source of Water Supply
# #
#
##
## # #
#
# # #### #
#
## # #
#
Source of Water Supply
Bangalore Water Supply
1891-1900
1921-1930
1931-1940
1951-1960
1961-1970
1971-1980
1981-1990
1991-2000
2001-2010
2011-2020

1896- Hesargatta WSS – untreated water
Hesargatta – Combined jewel filters
T G Halli Arkavathi WSS-27 MLD
1952-T G Halli – 45 MLD added
1964 – T G Halli – 135 MLD
1974 – CWSS I Stage – 135 MLD
1882- CWSS Stage II – 135 MLD
1993- CWSS Stage III – 270 MLD
2002 – CWSS Stage IV phase I -270 MLD
Proposed CWSS Stage IV Phase II – 500
MLD
Present Water Supply
Year of
commissioning

Installed
Capacity
(MLD)

Arkavathy (TG Halli)

1933

149

0

Cauvery Stage I

1974

135

135

Cauvery Stage II

1983

135

135

Cauvery Stage III

1993

270

270

Cauvery Stage IV, Phase – I

2002

270

300

Cauvery Stage IV, Phase – II

2012

500

300

Projects

Total Supply

1459

Present
Supply
(MLD)

1140
Wastewater
Generation of wastewater
Year

Quantity in MLD

2006

875

2011

985

2021

1320

2036

1570
BANGALORE SANITATION


Bangalore is blessed with undulated terrain having natural
gradient

 Wastewater generated flows out of the city in all the four
directions
 Wastewater generated is collected and conveyed through the
sewerage network to the treatment plants for treatment up to
Secondary level and disposed to the natural course
 BWSSB has setup 14 treatment plants of secondary and
Tertiary level of various capacities all-round the city – 721
MLD Capacity

 Four Tertiary treatment plants of total capacity 73 MLD has
been established and treated water is reused for non potable
purposes
ABOUT BANGALORE SANITARY SYSTEM
1920-1950
1950-1960
1970-1980

Sewerage system existed
Major sewerage system constructed
K & C Valley wastewater treatment
plant (Primary) & V- Valley STP
1980-2000 K & C and V Valley and Hebbal
upgraded to secondary
2000-2010 CWSS Stage IV Phase I – 7 treatment
plants & sewerage system
2012 - 2015 CWSS Stage IV Phase II – 11
treatment plants – 339 MLD capacity
Core Area Sewerage Net work
Major and Minor Valleys

Hebbal
Valley STP
Hebbal Valley
Area in Sq.Km.
(32)

To Raja Canal
STP

Area in Sq
Kms

(35)

Vrishbhavathi
Valley
(38)

(36)
Koramangala
Valley
(31)

To Mailasandra
STP

Katriguppe
Valley
(16)

Kathariguppe

16
38
35
229

%
$

K-Minor
Valley

%

V-Valley
STP

19

K&C Valley
STP

%

Kempambudhi
Mini-STP
#

Taverekere

Arkavathi

Challaghatta
Valley

37

Vrishabhavathi

Hebbal
Minor Valley-2
(5)

36

Total

Hebbal
Minor Valley-1
(11)

Arkavathi
Valley

48

Koramangala

#

Hebbal
Challaghatta

%

(6)

Tavarakere
Valley

#

(19)

%

Madivala
Mini-STP

Agaram
SPS

Bellandur
Lake

Major Valleys
1 – K & C Valley
2 – V Valley
3 – Hebbal Valley
Abstract of sewer statistics < 400mm
Core Area

• 150 mm dia
• 175 mm dia
• 225 mm dia
• 300 mm dia
• Total No. of Manholes

– 1490 Kms
– 450 Kms
– 1600 Kms
– 275 Kms
–1,28,000
ABSTRACT OF SEWER STATISTICS
>400MM
CORE AREA
Zones

Total Length
in Km

Existing
inside SWD
in Km

No of
manholes in
Nos

Hebbal

45

9

1650

K&C

113

35

2857

V Valley

85

18

1746

Total

243

62

6253
Wastewater Treatment Plants
Sl.
No.

Location

Capacity in
MLD

Treatment Facility

Under CWSS I, II, III stages
1.

Vrishabhavathi Valley

180 Secondary – Trickling filters

2.

K & C Valley I

248

Secondary: Activated sludge
process

3.

Hebbal Valley

60

Secondary: Activated sludge
process

4.

Madivala

04

Secondary: UASB + oxidation
ponds+ constructed wetlands

5.

Kempambudhi

01 Secondary: extended Aeration

6.

Yelahanka

10

Activated sludge process +
filtration+ chlorination (Tertiary)
Wastewater Treatment Plants
Sl. No.

Location

Capacity
in MLD

Treatment Facility

7.

Mylasandra

75 Secondary – Extended aeration

8.

Nagasandra

20 Secondary -Extended aeration

9.

Jakkur

10 Secondary – UASB +Extended aeration

10.

K. R. Puram

20 Secondary – UASB +Extended aeration

11.

Kadabeesanahalli

50 Secondary-Extended aeration

12.

Rajacanal

40 Secondary- Extended aeration

13.

Cubbon Park

1.5 Membrane

14.

Lalbagh

1.5

Grand Total

721

Extended Aeration + Plate Settlers + UV
disinfection
Treatment plants proposed under CWSS Stage IV Phase II
Name

Capacity in MLD

Process (Including BNR)

Raja Canal

40

Extended Aeration (EA)

Horamavu Agara

20

Sequential Batch Reactor (SBR)

Nagasandra

20

SBR

Chikkabanavara

5

SBR

Kadugodi

6

SBR

Kachohalli

3

Membrane Bio – Reactor

Kengeri

60

Activated Sludge Process (ASP)

K & C Valley

60

ASP

Bellandur Amanikere

90

ASP

Doddabele

20

SBR

Yellemallappa Chetty Kere

15

SBR

Total

339
Wastewater Treatment Plants
Raw sewage characteristics
Raw sewage BOD : Average 300 mg/lit

Raw sewage suspended solids: Average 400-500 mg/lit

Treated effluent standards ( Secondary)
Treated effluent BOD
Treated effluent suspended solids

: < 20 mg/lit
: < 30 mg/lit

Tertiary standards
Treated effluent BOD
Treated effluent suspended solids
Coliforms

: < 5 mg/lit
: < 5 mg/lit
: < 2.2/100ml
Locations of existing STP`s
Yelahanka TTP
Jakkur STP

Nagasandra STP

Hebbal STP

Rajacanal STP
KR Puram STP
Kadabeesanahalli STP

V Valley STP & TTP
Mylasandra STP

K & C Valley STP

Kempambudhi STP
Madiwala STP
K & C Valley Sewage Treatment Plant
K & C Valley STP (Activated Sludge Process)
Capacity

163 MLD

Capital cost

602 Lakhs

Installed capacity of power

1475 KVA

Power Charges

50 Lakhs per year

Cost of Man power utilised

25 Lakhs per year

Total O & M charges

75.60 lakhs per year

K & C Valley STP
Capacity

55 MLD additional module

Capital cost

2900 Lakhs

K & C Valley STP (Extended Aeration Process)
Capacity

30 MLD

Capital cost
Lakhs
Installed capacity of power

2700
750 KVA
Koramangala And Challaghatta
Valley Treatment Plant – 30 MLD
Plant

Agaram Pump House
K & C Valley treatment plant
Koramangala And Challaghatta Valley
Treatment Plant – 30 MLD Plant

Aeration Tank
Madiwala Water Reclamation Plant
Name of the STP
Location

:
:

Madiwala STP
Madiwala

Capacity

:

4 MLD capacity

Treatment Process

:

First & Secondary

Year of Construction

:

1998

Capital cost

:

121 Lakhs

Catchment Area

:

Tavarekere

Effluent characteristics

:

BOD < 20m g/L & SS <30 mg/L

Installed Capacity of power

:

35 KVA

Power Charges

:

3.7 Lakhs per year

Cost of Man power utilised

:

10.0 Lakhs per year

Total O & M charges

:

13.7 lakhs per year
Madivala Water Reclamation Plant

UASB side view
Madivala Water Reclamation Plant

UASB with sludge withdrawal piping arrangement
V. Valley Sewage treatment Plant

V. Valley STP (Trickling Filter)
Capacity

180 MLD

Capital cost
Lakhs

1122

Installed Capacity of power

1400 KVA

Power Charges

60 Lakhs per year

Cost of Man power utilised

45 Lakhs per year
V. Valley Sewage treatment Plant - Recycling Plant
Effluent Standards
- BOD < 5 mg/ L

- SS < 5 mg/ L
- Turbidity < 2 NTU

V. Valley Tertiary Treatment plant ( Trickling filter followed by
Densadeg and Flopac & disinfectin by Chlorination)
Capacity
Capital cost

60 MLD
3873 Lakhs

Power Charges

84 Lakhs per year

Cost of Man power utilised

37 Lakhs per year

Chemical Charges if any

36 Lakhs per year

Total O & M charges

157 lakhs per year
V. Valley Sewage treatment Plant - Recycling Plant
V. Valley Sewage treatment Plant - Recycling Plant
Kempambudhi Water
Reclamation Plant (Activated
Sludge Process)
Capacity

01 MLD

Capital cost

135 Lakhs

Installed capacity of power

Power Charges

49 KVA

5.0 Lakhs per year

Total O & M charges 5.6 lakhs per year
(including man power)
Hebbal Sewage
Treatment Plant
(Activated Sludge
Process)
Capacity

60 MLD

Capital cost

1100 Lakhs

Installed capacity of power

975 KVA

Power Charges

114 Lakhs per year

Cost of Man power utilised

40 Lakhs per year

Total O & M charges

154 lakhs per year
YELAHANKA Tertiary
Treatment plant
(Conventional ASP followed
with filtration by
Chlorination)
Capacity

10 MLD

Capital cost

3873 Lakhs

Installed capacity of power 500 KVA

Effluent Standards

Power Charges

84 Lakhs per year

Cost of Man power utilised 37 Lakhs per year

- BOD < 5 mg/ L

Chemical Charges if any

36 Lakhs per year

- SS < 5 mg/ L

Total O & M charges

157 lakhs per year

- Turbidity < 2 NTU

Supplied to International Airport, BEL,
Wheel and Axle and other industries
Kempambudhi Water Reclamation
(Activated Sludge Process)
Capacity

1 MLD

Capital cost

135 Lakhs

Installed capacity of power

49 KVA

Power Charges

5.0 Lakhs / Year

Total O & M charges

5.6 lakhs / Year
(including man power)
MAILASANDRA STP

(Extended Aeration Process)

Capacity 75 MLD
Capital cost :

5200 Lakhs
Kadabeesanahalli STP

(Extended Aeration Process)

Capacity

50 MLD
NAGASANDRA STP

(Extended Aeration Process)

Capacity

20 MLD

Capital cost

Rs.1400 Lakhs
Jakkur

(UASB Process)

Capacity

10 MLD
K R Purum

(UASB Process)

Capacity

20 MLD
Rajacanal

(Extended Aeration Process)

Capacity

40 MLD
Cubbon Park

(Membrane Process)

Capacity

1.50 MLD
Lalbagh Park

(Extended Aeration Process)

Capacity

1.50 MLD
Tertiary Treated Water Utilizations
Sl. No.

Consumer

Wastewater
in KLD

1.

International Airport

1000

2
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.

BEL
Wheel and Axle Plant – Railway
ITC Limited
IAF
Aravind Mills
Cubbon Park
Lalbagh
TOTAL

1200
300
300
200
1000
1500
1500
7000

Selling rate - Rs.25/- per KL
Revenue - 4.50 Crores per year
Cubbon Park
Tertiary
Treatment Plant
RAW SEWAGE AND TREATED WATER
CHARACTERISTICS
Parameter

Unit

Influent

Effluent

Actual

pH

-

6.8 – 8.0

6.5 – 8.0

7.2

BOD

Mg/L

330

<4

<2

TSS

Mg/L

450

<3

<1

Turbidity

NTU

-

<2

0.05

Fecal
Coliform

MPN/
100 mL

nil

BDL

BDL

Coliform
Index

MPN/
100 mL

109 – 1010

2.3

BDL
Quality of treated wastewater

Raw Sewage

Treated wastewater
Potential of Sewage Treatment Plants in Bangalore_V C Kumar_2013

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Potential of Sewage Treatment Plants in Bangalore_V C Kumar_2013

  • 1. POTENTIAL OF STP’S IN BANGALORE By V. C. Kumar Executive Engineer, BWSSB
  • 2. Bangalore Water Supply and Sewerage Board A statutory organization set up in 1964 under the BWSSB Act whose core functions & responsibilities include :  Providing water supply & sewerage and sewage disposal systems  Ensuring sufficient of domestic water supply to the required standards.  Levying & collecting water/sanitation charges on a no loss/no profit basis.
  • 3. Bruhath Bangalore Mahanagara Palike Boundaries Sq.K m 1 BMA 1306 2 Bruhath Bangalore 810 i) Core Area Sewerage Catchments 245 ii)7-CMCs & 1-TMC 250 iii) 111 Villages around Bangalore 315 S.No. BMRDA Boundary 1306 Sq. Kms CDP Boundary 594 Sq. Kms Core Area 226 Sq. Kms
  • 5. Source of Water Supply # # # ## ## # # # # # #### # # ## # # #
  • 7. Bangalore Water Supply 1891-1900 1921-1930 1931-1940 1951-1960 1961-1970 1971-1980 1981-1990 1991-2000 2001-2010 2011-2020 1896- Hesargatta WSS – untreated water Hesargatta – Combined jewel filters T G Halli Arkavathi WSS-27 MLD 1952-T G Halli – 45 MLD added 1964 – T G Halli – 135 MLD 1974 – CWSS I Stage – 135 MLD 1882- CWSS Stage II – 135 MLD 1993- CWSS Stage III – 270 MLD 2002 – CWSS Stage IV phase I -270 MLD Proposed CWSS Stage IV Phase II – 500 MLD
  • 8. Present Water Supply Year of commissioning Installed Capacity (MLD) Arkavathy (TG Halli) 1933 149 0 Cauvery Stage I 1974 135 135 Cauvery Stage II 1983 135 135 Cauvery Stage III 1993 270 270 Cauvery Stage IV, Phase – I 2002 270 300 Cauvery Stage IV, Phase – II 2012 500 300 Projects Total Supply 1459 Present Supply (MLD) 1140
  • 9. Wastewater Generation of wastewater Year Quantity in MLD 2006 875 2011 985 2021 1320 2036 1570
  • 10. BANGALORE SANITATION  Bangalore is blessed with undulated terrain having natural gradient  Wastewater generated flows out of the city in all the four directions  Wastewater generated is collected and conveyed through the sewerage network to the treatment plants for treatment up to Secondary level and disposed to the natural course  BWSSB has setup 14 treatment plants of secondary and Tertiary level of various capacities all-round the city – 721 MLD Capacity  Four Tertiary treatment plants of total capacity 73 MLD has been established and treated water is reused for non potable purposes
  • 11. ABOUT BANGALORE SANITARY SYSTEM 1920-1950 1950-1960 1970-1980 Sewerage system existed Major sewerage system constructed K & C Valley wastewater treatment plant (Primary) & V- Valley STP 1980-2000 K & C and V Valley and Hebbal upgraded to secondary 2000-2010 CWSS Stage IV Phase I – 7 treatment plants & sewerage system 2012 - 2015 CWSS Stage IV Phase II – 11 treatment plants – 339 MLD capacity
  • 12.
  • 13. Core Area Sewerage Net work Major and Minor Valleys Hebbal Valley STP Hebbal Valley Area in Sq.Km. (32) To Raja Canal STP Area in Sq Kms (35) Vrishbhavathi Valley (38) (36) Koramangala Valley (31) To Mailasandra STP Katriguppe Valley (16) Kathariguppe 16 38 35 229 % $ K-Minor Valley % V-Valley STP 19 K&C Valley STP % Kempambudhi Mini-STP # Taverekere Arkavathi Challaghatta Valley 37 Vrishabhavathi Hebbal Minor Valley-2 (5) 36 Total Hebbal Minor Valley-1 (11) Arkavathi Valley 48 Koramangala # Hebbal Challaghatta % (6) Tavarakere Valley # (19) % Madivala Mini-STP Agaram SPS Bellandur Lake Major Valleys 1 – K & C Valley 2 – V Valley 3 – Hebbal Valley
  • 14. Abstract of sewer statistics < 400mm Core Area • 150 mm dia • 175 mm dia • 225 mm dia • 300 mm dia • Total No. of Manholes – 1490 Kms – 450 Kms – 1600 Kms – 275 Kms –1,28,000
  • 15. ABSTRACT OF SEWER STATISTICS >400MM CORE AREA Zones Total Length in Km Existing inside SWD in Km No of manholes in Nos Hebbal 45 9 1650 K&C 113 35 2857 V Valley 85 18 1746 Total 243 62 6253
  • 16. Wastewater Treatment Plants Sl. No. Location Capacity in MLD Treatment Facility Under CWSS I, II, III stages 1. Vrishabhavathi Valley 180 Secondary – Trickling filters 2. K & C Valley I 248 Secondary: Activated sludge process 3. Hebbal Valley 60 Secondary: Activated sludge process 4. Madivala 04 Secondary: UASB + oxidation ponds+ constructed wetlands 5. Kempambudhi 01 Secondary: extended Aeration 6. Yelahanka 10 Activated sludge process + filtration+ chlorination (Tertiary)
  • 17. Wastewater Treatment Plants Sl. No. Location Capacity in MLD Treatment Facility 7. Mylasandra 75 Secondary – Extended aeration 8. Nagasandra 20 Secondary -Extended aeration 9. Jakkur 10 Secondary – UASB +Extended aeration 10. K. R. Puram 20 Secondary – UASB +Extended aeration 11. Kadabeesanahalli 50 Secondary-Extended aeration 12. Rajacanal 40 Secondary- Extended aeration 13. Cubbon Park 1.5 Membrane 14. Lalbagh 1.5 Grand Total 721 Extended Aeration + Plate Settlers + UV disinfection
  • 18. Treatment plants proposed under CWSS Stage IV Phase II Name Capacity in MLD Process (Including BNR) Raja Canal 40 Extended Aeration (EA) Horamavu Agara 20 Sequential Batch Reactor (SBR) Nagasandra 20 SBR Chikkabanavara 5 SBR Kadugodi 6 SBR Kachohalli 3 Membrane Bio – Reactor Kengeri 60 Activated Sludge Process (ASP) K & C Valley 60 ASP Bellandur Amanikere 90 ASP Doddabele 20 SBR Yellemallappa Chetty Kere 15 SBR Total 339
  • 19. Wastewater Treatment Plants Raw sewage characteristics Raw sewage BOD : Average 300 mg/lit Raw sewage suspended solids: Average 400-500 mg/lit Treated effluent standards ( Secondary) Treated effluent BOD Treated effluent suspended solids : < 20 mg/lit : < 30 mg/lit Tertiary standards Treated effluent BOD Treated effluent suspended solids Coliforms : < 5 mg/lit : < 5 mg/lit : < 2.2/100ml
  • 20. Locations of existing STP`s Yelahanka TTP Jakkur STP Nagasandra STP Hebbal STP Rajacanal STP KR Puram STP Kadabeesanahalli STP V Valley STP & TTP Mylasandra STP K & C Valley STP Kempambudhi STP Madiwala STP
  • 21. K & C Valley Sewage Treatment Plant K & C Valley STP (Activated Sludge Process) Capacity 163 MLD Capital cost 602 Lakhs Installed capacity of power 1475 KVA Power Charges 50 Lakhs per year Cost of Man power utilised 25 Lakhs per year Total O & M charges 75.60 lakhs per year K & C Valley STP Capacity 55 MLD additional module Capital cost 2900 Lakhs K & C Valley STP (Extended Aeration Process) Capacity 30 MLD Capital cost Lakhs Installed capacity of power 2700 750 KVA
  • 22. Koramangala And Challaghatta Valley Treatment Plant – 30 MLD Plant Agaram Pump House K & C Valley treatment plant
  • 23. Koramangala And Challaghatta Valley Treatment Plant – 30 MLD Plant Aeration Tank
  • 24. Madiwala Water Reclamation Plant Name of the STP Location : : Madiwala STP Madiwala Capacity : 4 MLD capacity Treatment Process : First & Secondary Year of Construction : 1998 Capital cost : 121 Lakhs Catchment Area : Tavarekere Effluent characteristics : BOD < 20m g/L & SS <30 mg/L Installed Capacity of power : 35 KVA Power Charges : 3.7 Lakhs per year Cost of Man power utilised : 10.0 Lakhs per year Total O & M charges : 13.7 lakhs per year
  • 25. Madivala Water Reclamation Plant UASB side view
  • 26. Madivala Water Reclamation Plant UASB with sludge withdrawal piping arrangement
  • 27. V. Valley Sewage treatment Plant V. Valley STP (Trickling Filter) Capacity 180 MLD Capital cost Lakhs 1122 Installed Capacity of power 1400 KVA Power Charges 60 Lakhs per year Cost of Man power utilised 45 Lakhs per year
  • 28. V. Valley Sewage treatment Plant - Recycling Plant Effluent Standards - BOD < 5 mg/ L - SS < 5 mg/ L - Turbidity < 2 NTU V. Valley Tertiary Treatment plant ( Trickling filter followed by Densadeg and Flopac & disinfectin by Chlorination) Capacity Capital cost 60 MLD 3873 Lakhs Power Charges 84 Lakhs per year Cost of Man power utilised 37 Lakhs per year Chemical Charges if any 36 Lakhs per year Total O & M charges 157 lakhs per year
  • 29. V. Valley Sewage treatment Plant - Recycling Plant
  • 30. V. Valley Sewage treatment Plant - Recycling Plant
  • 31. Kempambudhi Water Reclamation Plant (Activated Sludge Process) Capacity 01 MLD Capital cost 135 Lakhs Installed capacity of power Power Charges 49 KVA 5.0 Lakhs per year Total O & M charges 5.6 lakhs per year (including man power)
  • 32. Hebbal Sewage Treatment Plant (Activated Sludge Process) Capacity 60 MLD Capital cost 1100 Lakhs Installed capacity of power 975 KVA Power Charges 114 Lakhs per year Cost of Man power utilised 40 Lakhs per year Total O & M charges 154 lakhs per year
  • 33. YELAHANKA Tertiary Treatment plant (Conventional ASP followed with filtration by Chlorination) Capacity 10 MLD Capital cost 3873 Lakhs Installed capacity of power 500 KVA Effluent Standards Power Charges 84 Lakhs per year Cost of Man power utilised 37 Lakhs per year - BOD < 5 mg/ L Chemical Charges if any 36 Lakhs per year - SS < 5 mg/ L Total O & M charges 157 lakhs per year - Turbidity < 2 NTU Supplied to International Airport, BEL, Wheel and Axle and other industries
  • 34. Kempambudhi Water Reclamation (Activated Sludge Process) Capacity 1 MLD Capital cost 135 Lakhs Installed capacity of power 49 KVA Power Charges 5.0 Lakhs / Year Total O & M charges 5.6 lakhs / Year (including man power)
  • 35. MAILASANDRA STP (Extended Aeration Process) Capacity 75 MLD Capital cost : 5200 Lakhs
  • 36. Kadabeesanahalli STP (Extended Aeration Process) Capacity 50 MLD
  • 37. NAGASANDRA STP (Extended Aeration Process) Capacity 20 MLD Capital cost Rs.1400 Lakhs
  • 39. K R Purum (UASB Process) Capacity 20 MLD
  • 42. Lalbagh Park (Extended Aeration Process) Capacity 1.50 MLD
  • 43. Tertiary Treated Water Utilizations Sl. No. Consumer Wastewater in KLD 1. International Airport 1000 2 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. BEL Wheel and Axle Plant – Railway ITC Limited IAF Aravind Mills Cubbon Park Lalbagh TOTAL 1200 300 300 200 1000 1500 1500 7000 Selling rate - Rs.25/- per KL Revenue - 4.50 Crores per year
  • 45. RAW SEWAGE AND TREATED WATER CHARACTERISTICS Parameter Unit Influent Effluent Actual pH - 6.8 – 8.0 6.5 – 8.0 7.2 BOD Mg/L 330 <4 <2 TSS Mg/L 450 <3 <1 Turbidity NTU - <2 0.05 Fecal Coliform MPN/ 100 mL nil BDL BDL Coliform Index MPN/ 100 mL 109 – 1010 2.3 BDL
  • 46.
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  • 55. Quality of treated wastewater Raw Sewage Treated wastewater