1. From Survey to Sustainability –
Groundwater Experiences of
Maharashtra
Vikas Kharage
Director
Groundwater Surveys and Development Agency,
Water Supply and Sanitation Department,
Government of Maharashtra

2. Road map
 Salient Features
 Survey Work
 Network of Observation wells
 GW Quality Network
 Scientific Approach
 Drinking Water
 Hydrology Project
 Community Approach
 Own Initiatives & Innovations
 Water Security and Sustainability

3. Salient Features

4. Maharashtra: Rainfall

5. Maharashtra- Situation….
HDP 28%
MDP 44%
River basins: 05, Sub-basins: 15 UDP 28%
Elementary watersheds: 1505
Basins Geomorphology

6. Maharashtra: Situation….
G
Yearly Recuperation
P
G
2
P
5
-
2
6
4% 5%
9%
Hundreds
Year Old
82%
Basalt Metamorphic
Thousands Year
Sedimentary Alluvium
Old
Geology Hydrogeology

7. Maharashtra: Situation ??
 Adverse – Nothing
Favorable Industrial
Domestic
5%
10%
 Still More Dependency on
Groundwater Resource
 Thanks to the Visionary Irrigation
85%
People who gave
importance to GW

8. Maharashtra: Statistics
 Geographical area 30.77 Million Ha
 Zilla Parishads 33
 Panchayat Samitis 347
 Gram Panchayats 27,800
 Total no of villages- 42,000+
 Total habitations 86,681
 Rural families 1.1 crore
 Rural population 5.25 crore

9. Maharashtra: Water Statistics
 Major & Medium Projects: 2488
 Minor Projects: 1469
 Total Potential created: 39.57 lakh Ha
 Potential Utilised: 24.42 lakh Ha
 Area under surface irrigation: 11.83 lakh Ha
 Total GW Recharge: 31.21 BCM
 GW Draft: 15.09 BCM
 GW Irrigation: 28.75 Ha

10. Maharashtra – Water Statistics
Total area under Irrigation
in Maharashtra - 40.58 lakh hec.
Surface Irrigation
11.83 lakh hec.
29%
Well Irrigation
28.75 lakh hec.
71 %

11. Status: Drinking Water Supply
 Rural Water Supply
 90,000 Dug wells
 220,000 Bore wells
 14,000 Power pumps (Mini Water
Supply Schemes)
 90 Dual Pumps
 18000 Single Village Schemes
 721 Multi Village Schemes
(Regional Pipe Water Supply Schemes)

12. GSDA
 Maharashtra – Only State having
independent Govt GW Department
 Machinery across State upto
District Level
 Governed by Water Supply &
Sanitation Department
 Funded through budgetary
allocation

13. Groundwater Survey Work
 Systematic Hydrogeological
Survey of 25400 villages of
the State
 Delineated Groundwater
Worthy and Non-Worthy
Areas in these villages
 Village level Gw Data base
available for Development
and Management

14. Groundwater Survey Work
 Hydrogeological Survey for
Drinking Water Sources in
the State
 Geophysical Survey for
confirmation & potential
area delineation
 Hydrogeological Survey for
GW development

15. Groundwater Level Monitoring
Network
 Long duration & Strong data
base for groundwater levels
 Research Work
 Policy framing
 Water Scarcity
Declaration & Mitigation
 Declaration of Over
Exploited/Critical
Watersheds

16. Water Scarcity Prediction
Gw Levels of Oct 08
w.r.to last five years
Avg
Talukawise Actual
Rainfall of 2008
w.r.to normal

17. Groundwater Quality Monitoring
Network
 Analysis of Chemical &
Bacteriological Data
 3370 Baseline, 397 Trend & 578 N
W E
Trend-cum-Surveillance S
> 1500 mgl
 Research Work 1200 - 1500 mgl
900 - 1200 mgl
600 - 900 mgl
 Policy framing 300 - 600 mgl
up to 300 mgl
 Strategies for Preventive
Measures
 Declaration of water quality
affected areas

18. Scientific Approach
 Delineation of Elementary
Watersheds – 1505 (Notified),
Mini & Micro Watersheds
 Base for Planning of Artificial
Groundwater Recharge &
Watershed Management
 Basic Unit for Integrated
Planning of both surface &
groundwater

19. Drinking Water
 Drilled 2.20 lakh borewells for
drinking in Rural area & fitted
with Hand Pump/Power Pump
 Surveyed and Recommended
potential sites for dug wells/
PWS wells
 Augmentation to Drinking
water sources – Survey

20. Hydrology Project – Phase I
• Institutional strengthening.
•Buildings Bhujal Bhavan – 1
Chemical Labs buildings – 4,
Chemical Labs - 6
•Piezometer Constructed- 1136
•For water level monitoring
3920 Obw +1136 Piezometers
•For GW quality monitoring Base
line Stations Established–3370
Data centers
• DDPCs-31,RDPCs-06,SDPC-01,
DSC-01
•Procured GIS Database
•GEMS Software

21. Hydrology Project – Phase II
Institutional strengthening
 Consolidation of HP - I activities
 Awareness raising, Data Dissemination
and Knowledge sharing
 Implementation support
Vertical Extension
Development ofAhHydrological Design
me
dna
gar
Aids
Development of Decisions Support
System So
r lapu
Pune City
Implementation for Purpose Driven
Ujani
Dam
Studies

22. Community Participation
 Community Participation is mandatory
for Groundwater Development and
Management in the State
 Strong IEC Campaigns conducted at
Grass Root and Political Functionaries
 Dissemination of best practices on
water management: issues and
technology
 Motivated the community to actively
participate in the water management
process.

23. Aquifer Based GW Management
 Community Driven Demand
Management Measures supported
by supply side interventions
 Six Pilots Initiated under
Jalswarajya
 Stress on Drinking water Security
and Sustainability
 Decisions in Gramsabhas
 Planning, Implementation &
Contribution (cash & kind) through
Community only

24. Aquifer Based GW Management
 Users’ Centred Aquifer Level GW
Management
 3 Pilots Initiated under
Maharashtra Water Sector
Improvement Project
 Groundwater Security and
Sustainability
 Decisions in Gramsabhas
 Planning, Implementation &
Contribution (cash & kind) through
Community only

25. Village Level Watershed Water
Account
 Community Driven Activity
 Implemented in around 900
Villages of the State
 Village level Water Management
Concept is being Revived
 Decisions in Gramsabhas in the
Month of Oct Every Year
 Rainfall, Groundwater Level
Measurement, Crop Water
Planning & Implementation by
Community

26. Water Account of Shivni - 2004
Actual Rainfall 417 mm X Area 762 ha =
317 Cr Lits
Debit (Cr lits) Credit (Cr lits)
 Surface storage &  Natural Taxü - 121.00
Runoff - 184 (Evaporation)
 Soil Moisture - 95  Drinking - 1.00
 Groundwater - 38  Irrigation - 194.75
 Total - 317  Total - 316.75
Total Savings – 25 lakh lits

27. GSDA own Initiatives &
Innovations
 Development and Implementation of
Unconventional Measures especially for
Strengthening of groundwater based
Drinking Water sources
 7500 Measures Completed in 5200
Villages
 Unconventional Measures are being
decided on the basis of nature of rock.
In broad sense
 Hard Rock – Bore Blast Technique
 Fractured/Jointed Rock – Fracture Seal Cementation
 Moderately Weathered – Stream Blasting,
Hydrofracturing

28. Strengthening the drinking water source
U
nc
o nv
en
t io
na
l M
ea
Jacket Well su Stream Blasting
re
s Technique
Hydrofracturing
Fracture Seal Cementation

29. GSDA own Initiatives &
Innovations
 Initiated 24x7 drinking water Supply in
Rural Areas through Dual Pump
 Installed of Hand Pump and Power
Pump on Existing High Yielding
Borewell
 Purification System Installed to provide
Safe and Potable Drinking Water
especially to Schools
 Sanitation Pump concept Introduced in
the Rural Schools

30. Groundwater Security & Sustainability
Government Resolution – 14th Feb 2002
• Implementation of measures for strengthening the
drinking water source Conventional And
Unconventional measures.
• Roof Top Rain Water Harvesting.
• Storage tank in Hard rock to arrest rainwater
• Based on traditional wisdom and local knowledge
innovative measures being taken up based on
scientific and technical know-how

31. Shivkalin
Pani
Sathvan
Yojana...

32. Strengthening
of Source
Check
Dam
Conventional
Structures
Village Desilting
Lake Deepening of
well

33. 2 Roof Top Rain Water
Harvesting
3.Storage tank in Hard
rock to arrest
rainwater

34. 4.Based on
technical
wisdom and
local knowledge
innovative
measures being
taken up

35. Completed works under
Shivkalin Yojana
1.Percolation Tanks - 46
2. Nala Bunding - 24
3.Cement N.B. - 1530

36. Completed works under
Shivkalin Yojana
1. UGB - 316
2. RWH - 7489
3. Recharge Wells - 925

37. Completed works under
Shivkalin Yojana
1. Hydro fracturing - 239
2. KT Weir - 71
3. Village Tank - 371

38. Completed works under
Shivkalin Yojana
1. UCM - 71
2. Others - 2078

39. Based on technical wisdom and
local knowledge innovating
measures to be taken up based on
scientific and technical know-
how

40. Babhalgaon Gabian Bandhara,
District Latur

41. Borewell Recharging

42. Farm-Pond

43. Vanrai Bandhara

44. Conversion of Ineffective
Percolation Tank by constructing
Filter
Borewell-shaft
Impervious Layer
Pervious Layer
Impervious Layer
Pervious Layer

45. De-silting of CNB

46. De-silting of Nala Bund

47. Preparation of Groundwater Atlas
• GoI Assisted Project Ground
under Rajiv Gandhi Water
prospec
National Drinking Water
t Map
Technology Mission
• Preparation of GW Atlas
on topo-sheet Scale
• Useful in GW
Development and
Management

48. Maharashtra : Issues & Remedial
Measures
N
W E
S
Categorization
Sate
Semi-critical
Critical
Over-
exploited
וֻÆüÖ ÃÖß´ÖÖ
Sugar
Factory
Over-exploited area vis-a-vis Cash
Crops

49. Integrated Watershed Development &
Artificial Groundwater Recharge CONTINUOUS CONTOUR TRENCH
LOOSE BOULDER STRUCTURE
LOOSE BOULDER STRUCTURE
FARM POND CEMENT BUND
VANARAI BUND
PERCOLATION TANK

50. Continuous Contour Percolation
Trench
DPAP Watershed Development
Programme District Osmanabad
(Before Rainfall) (During Rainfall)

51. After Monsoon
(well dry since last 5 years, at present irrigating 2 ha in rabbi)

52. IEC
Campaigns

53. Achievements
National
Water
Award 2007

54. GROUNDWATER SURVEYS AND DEVELOPMENT AGENCY (GSDA)
BHUJAL BHAVAN
Shivajinagar,
PUNE– 411 005.
Vikas Kharage I.A.S.
Director
S.B. Khandale
Joint Director
Telephone -
020 – 255 13 715, (16, 18)
Fax -
020 – 255 33108
E-mail -
dirgsda@vsnl.com
director@mahagsda.org
Web Site -
www.gsda.maharashtra.gov.in
Thanks