Surveying/ dentistry dental implants

SURVEYINGSURVEYING
INDIAN DENTAL ACADEMY
Leader in continuing dental education
www.indiandentalacademy.com
www.indiandentalacademy.comwww.indiandentalacademy.com

• SurveyorSurveyor
Instrument used to determine the relativeInstrument used to determine the relative
parallelism of two or more surfaces of teeth orparallelism of two or more surfaces of teeth or
other parts of cast of dental arch.other parts of cast of dental arch.
SurveyingSurveying
• An analysis and comparison of the prominenceAn analysis and comparison of the prominence
of intra oral contours associated with theof intra oral contours associated with the
fabrication of prosthesis.fabrication of prosthesis.

HISTORYHISTORY
• 1918 – A.J.Fortunati1918 – A.J.Fortunati
• 1923 - J.M.Ney – commercial1923 - J.M.Ney – commercial

PARTS OF THEPARTS OF THE
SURVEYORSURVEYOR
1. Surveying Platform1. Surveying Platform
2. Surveying table2. Surveying table
3. Vertical arm3. Vertical arm
4. Horizontal arm4. Horizontal arm
5. Surveying arm5. Surveying arm
6. Mandrel for holding6. Mandrel for holding
special tools.special tools.
7. Special tools7. Special tools1
2
3
4
5
6
7

Surveying ToolsSurveying Tools
Analysing rod:
To determine
relative
parallelism of
surfaces
on a dental cast

Graphite/carbon markerGraphite/carbon marker
Marks the
Height of
contour

Undercut guagesUndercut guages
Measures
amount of
horizontal
undercut
Sizes-
.010, .020, .
030 inches

Wax trimmersWax trimmers
Used during
blockout
Construction
of
surveyed
restorations

PURPOSEPURPOSE
• Survey diagnostic castSurvey diagnostic cast
• Survey master castSurvey master cast
• Contour wax patterns & crownsContour wax patterns & crowns
• Place or form intracoronal retainers inPlace or form intracoronal retainers in
crownscrowns

Surveying diagnostic castSurveying diagnostic cast
• To determine the path ofTo determine the path of
placement/removal of prosthesesplacement/removal of prostheses
oror
• To identify most favourable tiltTo identify most favourable tilt
1. Guiding planes1. Guiding planes
2. Retentive undercuts2. Retentive undercuts
3. Interferences3. Interferences
4. Esthetics4. Esthetics

Color codingColor coding
Improves communicationImproves communication
between dentist & labbetween dentist & lab
There is not at present aThere is not at present a
universally accepteduniversally accepted
color coding systemcolor coding system
Red,black,blue,brownRed,black,blue,brown

RedRed
• Required actionRequired action
• Mark teeth & softMark teeth & soft
tissues to betissues to be
prepared,prepared,
recontoured,recontoured,
relievedrelieved
• Rest- solid redRest- solid red
• Diagonal lines-Diagonal lines-
recontourrecontour
• Tripod marksTripod marks

BlackBlack • DenotesDenotes
survey lines onsurvey lines on
teeth & softteeth & soft
tissuestissues
• Instructions onInstructions on
base-type ofbase-type of
toothtooth
replacement,replacement,
type of clasp,type of clasp,
depth ofdepth of
undercutundercut

BlueBlue
• Portions thatPortions that
will be made ofwill be made of
acrylic- mostlyacrylic- mostly
denture bases,denture bases,
also acrylicalso acrylic
teethteeth

BrownBrown
• All metallicAll metallic
portions-portions-
basically allbasically all
componentscomponents

Occluded diagnostic castsOccluded diagnostic casts
• Proposed restProposed rest
areas indicated onareas indicated on
cast basecast base
• Indicate in redIndicate in red
cuspal relief tocuspal relief to
give clearance forgive clearance for
restrest

Occluded diagnostic castsOccluded diagnostic casts
• Line on lingualLine on lingual
surface of uppersurface of upper
ant. teethant. teeth
• Incisal limits ofIncisal limits of
metal extensionsmetal extensions
• Gingivo-occlusalGingivo-occlusal
limits of proposedlimits of proposed
rests, IR,rests, IR,

Orientation of castOrientation of cast
• All casts to beAll casts to be
lower castslower casts
• Occlusal planeOcclusal plane
parallel to baseparallel to base
• Ant. teethAnt. teeth
toward verticaltoward vertical
membermember

• TiltingTilting is changing the position of the cast,is changing the position of the cast,
which thus changes the long axis of eachwhich thus changes the long axis of each
tooth on the cast relative to the horizontaltooth on the cast relative to the horizontal
plane.plane.
• Responsible for path of insertionResponsible for path of insertion

Factors affecting tiltFactors affecting tilt
1. Retentive undercuts1. Retentive undercuts
2. Interferences2. Interferences
3. Esthetics3. Esthetics
4. Guiding planes4. Guiding planes

Retentive undercutsRetentive undercuts
• MUST BE PRESENT AT HORIZONTALMUST BE PRESENT AT HORIZONTAL
TILTTILT
Dislodging forces perpendicular to occlusal planeDislodging forces perpendicular to occlusal plane

Changing tilt will onlyChanging tilt will only
create an illusion ofcreate an illusion of
undercutundercut
If not, create byIf not, create by
recontouringrecontouring
crownscrowns

• Survey line delineatesSurvey line delineates
supra & infra bulgesupra & infra bulge
• Ideally, .010 inch atIdeally, .010 inch at
MB, DB line angle orMB, DB line angle or
midfacial surfacemidfacial surface
• Apical third of clinicalApical third of clinical
crowncrown

InterferencesInterferences
• TeethTeeth
• Bony prominencesBony prominences
• Soft tissue undercutsSoft tissue undercuts
• ExostosesExostoses

Maxillary interferencesMaxillary interferences
Palatal torusPalatal torus
• Alter MCAlter MC
designdesign
• SurgerySurgery

Maxillary interferencesMaxillary interferences
Facial tipping of post. teethFacial tipping of post. teeth
• High survey lineHigh survey line
• Clasp position lessClasp position less
esthetic,more forcesesthetic,more forces
• Gingival tissuesGingival tissues
undercutundercut

EstheticsEsthetics
• MetalMetal
componentscomponents
concealedconcealed
• Teeth properlyTeeth properly
contoured &contoured &
positionedpositioned

EstheticsEsthetics

GuidingGuiding
planesplanes • Formed on proximalFormed on proximal
tooth surfaces,tooth surfaces,
contacted by minorcontacted by minor
connectors/other rigidconnectors/other rigid
elementselements
• Parallel to path ofParallel to path of
placement, 2-4mmplacement, 2-4mm
• Provide stabilityProvide stability
• Ensure predictable claspEnsure predictable clasp
retentionretention
• Protect weakened teethProtect weakened teeth
from destructive lateralfrom destructive lateral
forcesforces

Guiding planesGuiding planes
Achieved by :
Antero-posterior cast
Tilting
Selective grinding

Path of insertionPath of insertion
• TiltTilt
determinesdetermines
thisthis
• Parallel toParallel to
vertical armvertical arm
• Recorded-Recorded-
tripodingtripoding

Path of insertionPath of insertion

TripodingTripoding
• Record tilt of castRecord tilt of cast
in horizontal planein horizontal plane

Survey lineSurvey line
• Line produced onLine produced on
a cast by surveyora cast by surveyor
by marking theby marking the
greatestgreatest
prominence ofprominence of
contour in relationcontour in relation
to the planned pathto the planned path
of insertion.of insertion.

Survey lineSurvey line
• Survey softSurvey soft
tissues also-tissues also-
usage of infrausage of infra
bulge claspsbulge clasps
• 3mm of3mm of
attached tissueattached tissue
bet. Gingivalbet. Gingival
margin & softmargin & soft
tissue surveytissue survey
lineline

Mark desired undercutMark desired undercut
• Measured withMeasured with
undercut guageundercut guage
• Marked in redMarked in red
2mm long & thin2mm long & thin

Mark rests in redMark rests in red

Mark recontouring & reliefMark recontouring & relief
• Evenly spacedEvenly spaced
diagonal linesdiagonal lines
in red-recontourin red-recontour
• Soft tissue reliefSoft tissue relief
–outlined in red–outlined in red
& accompanied& accompanied
by word reliefby word relief

Outline DB in blueOutline DB in blue

Outline metal componentsOutline metal components

Designed
diagnostic
cast

• Survey & design of diagnostic castSurvey & design of diagnostic cast
• Mouth preparations are doneMouth preparations are done
• Impression is made & master cast pouredImpression is made & master cast poured
• Master cast with designed diagnostic castMaster cast with designed diagnostic cast
sent to labsent to lab

Surveying Master castSurveying Master cast
• Master cast tripoded in same relation asMaster cast tripoded in same relation as
diagnostic castdiagnostic cast
• Design transfer made after marking surveyDesign transfer made after marking survey
lineslines
• BeadingBeading
• BlockoutBlockout
• ReliefRelief

BlockoutBlockout
• Elimination of undesirable undercut areasElimination of undesirable undercut areas
• ParallelParallel
• ShapedShaped
• ArbitraryArbitrary
• ReliefRelief

ParallelParallel
• Could be madeCould be made
with 0,2,6 degreewith 0,2,6 degree
tapered styli –tapered styli –
depends ondepends on
increasedincreased
freedom of movt.freedom of movt.
of prosthesis inof prosthesis in
functionfunction

Parallel blockoutParallel blockout
• proximal tooth surfacesproximal tooth surfaces
• beneath all minor connectorsbeneath all minor connectors
• tissue undercuts crossed by rigidtissue undercuts crossed by rigid
connectors, origin of bar claspsconnectors, origin of bar clasps
• deep inter proximal spaces to bedeep inter proximal spaces to be
covered by major connectorscovered by major connectors
• beneath bar clasp arms to gingivalbeneath bar clasp arms to gingival
crevicecrevice

Arbitrary blockoutArbitrary blockout
• All gingival crevicesAll gingival crevices
• Gross tissue undercuts situated belowGross tissue undercuts situated below
areas involved in design of frameworkareas involved in design of framework
• Tissue undercut distal to cast frameworkTissue undercut distal to cast framework
• Labial & buccal tooth & tissue undercutsLabial & buccal tooth & tissue undercuts
not involved in denture designnot involved in denture design

PURPOSE OF SURVEYINGPURPOSE OF SURVEYING
• Survey diagnostic castSurvey diagnostic cast
• Survey master castSurvey master cast
• Contour wax patterns & crownsContour wax patterns & crowns
• Place or form intracoronal retainers inPlace or form intracoronal retainers in
crownscrowns

Contour wax patterns &Contour wax patterns &
crownscrowns
• The surveyorThe surveyor
blade is usedblade is used
as a waxas a wax
carver duringcarver during
this phase.this phase.

PLACING INTERNALPLACING INTERNAL
ATTACHMENTS AND RESTSATTACHMENTS AND RESTS

Thank youThank you

Thank you
For more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com

Surveying/ dentistry dental implants

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