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5. Types of fractures
Simple
Intact
soft
tissues
with
no
communication with exterior or
closed fracture
E.g.Condyle,
coronoid
process,
Edentulous mandible with intact
mucoperiosteum
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6. Types of fractures
Compound
Communication
open fracture
with
exterior
or
E.g.Fractures involving tooth bearing
area of dentulous mandible
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7. Types of fractures
Comminuted
Shattering or fragmentation of bone
E.g.Gunshot injuries, severe trauma
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8. Types of fractures
Complicated
Involvement of nerves, blood vessels or
joints
E.g.Involvement of inferior alveolar neurovascular bundle
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9. Types of fractures
Greenstick
Incomplete, without displacement of
fragments
E.g.Fracture of the neck of the condyle
in children
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10. Types of fractures
Impacted
Driven or
fragment
forced
into
another
No clinical movement
E.g.Maxillary and Zygomatic complex
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11. Types of fractures
Pathological
Spontaneous with minimal or no
trauma
Mainly due to underlying pathology
E.g.Malignancy, benign tumors, cysts,
osteomyelitis
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12. Facial fractures
Distribution:
Mandible alone - 33.7% to 67.9%
Mid face alone – 23.6% to 57.7%
Mandible and Mid face- 8.00% to 9.28%
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16. Mandibular fractures
Classification:Kazanzian and Converse
Based on presence of teeth
Class-I Teeth on both fragments
Class-II Teeth on one fragment
Class–III Edentulous mandible
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17. Mandibular fractures
Classification:Rowe and Killey
Not Involving basal bone
E.g. Dento-alveolar
Involving basal bone
e.g. Single unilateral
Double unilateral
Bilateral
Multiple
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36. Mandibular fractures
Open reduction
Indications
Unfavorable fracture at angle of the
mandible
Severely displaced fractures
Bilateral condyle
midface fractures
fractures
Where treatment is delayed
Non-united fractures
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Rigid fixation to be used
with
37. Mandibular fractures
Management:Methods of fixation used with open
reduction
Trans osseous wiring
Compression plates
Non compression plates
Lag screws
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