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1. AETIOLOGY OF MALOCCLUSION
INDIAN DENTAL ACADEMY
Leader in continuing dental education
www.indiandentalacademy.com
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2. ETIOLOGY OF MALOCCLUSION
 Etiological factors should be removed for
the success of treatment.
 In disease or pathology : Single etiologic
factor.
 In Malocclusion - Multiple factors i.e.
Multifactorial.
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3. ETIOLOGY OF MALOCCLUSION
 In majority of malocclusions it is not
possible to single out the causative factors,
except in a few eg: Secondary to childhood
fracture of the jaw.
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4. CLASSIFICATION OF
ETIOLOGIC FACTORS
 SALZMANN’S
 GRABER’S
 MOYERS
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5. GRABERS ETIOLOGIC
CLASSIFICATION
GENERAL
GROUP
LOCAL
GROUP
MALOCCLUSION
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6. General group: Those factors that operate
on the dentition from without (other cause)
Local group: Those factors that are
immediately associated with the dentition
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7. GENERAL FACTORS
 Heridity (Inherited pattern)
 Congenital defects
 Environment
 Predisposing metabolic climate and disease
 Dietary problems (Nutritional deficiency)
 Abnormal Pressure habits and functional aberrations
 Posture
 Trauma & Accidents 7www.indiandentalacademy.com

8. LOCAL FACTORS
 Anomalies of number of teeh
 Anomalies of tooth size
 Anomalies of tooth shape
 Abnormal labial freenum
 Premature loss
 Prolonged retention
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9.  Delayed eruption of permanent teeth
 Abnormal eruptive path
 Ankylosis
 Dental caries
 Improper dental resoration
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10. Etiology of Malocclusion
Cleft palate Torticollis Cleidocranial
dysostosis
Cerebral
palsy etc.
Congenital defects
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11. Etiology of Malocclusion
Trauma
Maternal diet
Metobolism
German measles
PRE-NATAL
Birth injury
Cerebral palsy
TMJ injury
POST-NATAL
ENVIRONMENT
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12. Etiology of Malocclusion
Endocrine
imbalance
Metabolic
disturbances
Infectious
disease (poliomylitis)
Predisposing metabolic climate & disease
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13. Abnormal pressure habits &
functional aberrations
Abnormal sucking
Thumb & finger sucking
Tongue thrust & sucking
Lip & Nail biting
Abnormal swallowing
habits
Respiratory abnor.
Tonsils and Adenoids
Psychogenic & Bruxism
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14. HEREDITY
 Inherited disproportion between size of the
teeth and size of the jaws, which would
produce crowding or spacing.
 Inherited disproportion between size and
shape of the upper and lower jaws which
would cause improper occlusal
relationships.
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15. SUPERNUMERARY TETTH
 Anomolies or extra teeth above the
normal number of 32
 occurs mainly in the maxilla and also in
any other area of the dental arches
 Frequently seen supernumerary tooth is
the Mesiodens, occurs near the midline -
is one of the main cause of malocclusion.
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16. ANODONTIA
 TOTAL ANODONTIA - denotes complete
developmental absence of teeth in both
dentitions, & it is an extremely rare
condition
 It is usually associated with the rare
condition of ectodermal dysplasia
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17. Partial anodontia or oligodontia
or Hypodontia
 Partial anodontia is the term used when one
or a number of teeth are absent.
 Partial anodontia occurs more frequently in
glandular dysfunction and particularly
hypothyroidism.
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18. ANOMALIES OF TOOTH SHAPE
 Peg laterals
 Gemination
 Fusion
 Hutchinsons incisors
 Talon cusp
 Mulberry molars
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19. Anomalies of number
 Supernumerary tooth
 Missing teeth (Agenesis): Most commonly missing
teeth in the decreasing order of frequency:
1. Max. & Mand. third molars
2. Max. Lateral incosors
3. Mand. second premolars
4. Mandibular incisors
5. Max. second premolars 19www.indiandentalacademy.com

20.  Anodontia: The total absence of teeth
 Oligodontia: Congenital absence of many
but not all teeth
 Hypodontia: Absence of only a few teeth
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21. Ankylosis
 of deciduous teeth (Submerged tooth) or
permanent tooth causes loss of arch length.
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22. CAUSES Act on
Some Predisposing
Some Exiting
TIMES On
Prenatal or Postnatal
TISSUES Producing
Some Primarily and Some
Secondarily
RESULTS
Alone or
Combination
1. Heredity
2. Developmental defects
3. Trauma
4. Physical agents
5. Habits
6. Disease
7. Malnutrition
1. Continuous or
Intermittent
2. May act at different
ages
1. Neuromuscular
2. Teeth
3. Bone & Cartilage
4. Soft tissues
1. Malfunction
2. Malocclusion
3. Osseous
dysplasia
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