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1. INDIAN DENTAL ACADEMY
Leader in continuing Dental Education
Principles ofPrinciples of
Adhesion (Bonding)Adhesion (Bonding)
© 2006, Bayne and Thompson www.indiandentalacademy.com

2. Adherend 1 Adherend 2
Adhesive System
or Luting Cement
Interface 2Interface 1
DENTAL
JOINT
ENAMEL, DENTIN >
Liner, Base, Cement >
Post and Core >
Dental Amalgam >
Implant >
< Composite, Amalgam
< Cast Inlay, Onlay, or Crown
< All-Ceramic Inlay, Onlay, or Crown
< Veneers, Maryland Bridges
< Orthodontic Brackets
AdhesiveInterface 1
DENTAL
ADHESION
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3. Steps in Forming Good Adhesion
(1) Clean adherend
(2) Good wetting
(3) Intimate adaptation
(4) Bonding
(5) Good curing
physical
bonding
chemical
bonding mechanical
bonding
+
–
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4. 1 2 3
4
3a
3a 3c3b
3b
3c
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5. www.indiandentalacademy.com
Indian Dental academy
• www.indiandentalacademy.com
• Leader continuing dental education
• Offer both online and offline dental courses

6. TBSTBS
µµTBSTBS
18-35 MPa (typically ≅ 20 MPa)
10-12 MPa (typically ≅ 10 MPa)
40-80 MPa (typically ≅ 60 MPa)
SBSSBS
µµSBSSBS
40-80 MPa (typically ≅ 60 MPa)
BOND STRENGTH TESTINGBOND STRENGTH TESTING
What are good bond strengths?What are good bond strengths?
Macro SBS
µTBS
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7. (1) OPERATOR
Technical ability, Age, Eyesight, ...
(2) DESIGN
SL, Bevels, Outline Form, ….
(3) MATERIALS
Composition, Product age, T, %RH, ...
(4) INTRAORAL LOCATION
Anterior-Posterior, Maxillary-Mandibular,
Lingual-Facial, Premolar-Molar, Tooth Flexure, ...
(5) PATIENT
F-exposure, Diet, Oral Hygiene IQ, Caries Risk, ...
PERFORMANCE FACTORSPERFORMANCE FACTORS
5 Categories of Factors Affecting Performance5 Categories of Factors Affecting Performance
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8. 0 10 20 30 40
Shear Bond Strength (MPaShear Bond Strength (MPa ++ s.d.)s.d.)
.
LiteratureCitationsLiteratureCitations DENTIN / SBMP / Z100DENTIN / SBMP / Z100
1.1. ConditioningConditioning
2.2. PrimingPriming
3.3. BondingBonding
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9. ENAMEL MICROSTRUCTUREENAMEL MICROSTRUCTURE
Quick ReviewQuick Review
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10. ENAMEL BONDING SYSTEMSENAMEL BONDING SYSTEMS
89v/o HA,
6% Organic,
5% Water
FROSTY
APPEARANCE
SBS = 20 MPaSBS = 20 MPa
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11. 3 v/o
28 v/o
Dentin
Zones ?
DENTIN MICROSTRUCTUREDENTIN MICROSTRUCTURE
Quick ReviewQuick Review
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12. Intertubular dentin
Peritubular dentin
Dentinal tubule
Residual smear
layer particles
Residual smear
plug particles
Macrotag Microtag
Conditioning
Priming
Bonding
COMPOSITE
HYBRID LAYER: resin microtags that are within
intertubular dentin and surround collagen fibers.
Collagen fibers
B.B. “Smear layer removal” and “hybrid layers”“Smear layer removal” and “hybrid layers”
DENTIN BONDING SYSTEMSDENTIN BONDING SYSTEMS
IntroductionIntroduction
A. Classification of bonding systems:A. Classification of bonding systems:
1.1. Type of substrate (enamel, dentin)Type of substrate (enamel, dentin)
2.2. Generation numberGeneration number
3.3. Number of componentsNumber of components
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13. Prime&BondPrime&Bond
Dentsply InternationalDentsply International
(Acetone solvent system)(Acetone solvent system)
Single BondSingle Bond
3M Dental Products Division3M Dental Products Division
(Ethanol and water solvent system)(Ethanol and water solvent system)
Scotchbond Multipurpose Plus
3M Dental Products Division
(Ethanol and water solvent system)(Ethanol and water solvent system)
One-StepOne-Step
BISCOBISCO
(Acetone solvent system)(Acetone solvent system)
HOWHOW
MUCHMUCH
SOLVENT?SOLVENT?
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14. BONDED COMPOSITEBONDED COMPOSITE
ChallengesChallenges
50
1000
4000
3000
2000
BONDEDCOMPOSITE(1mm=1000µm)
[DENTIN][DENTIN]
1
Bacteria
[Bonding System][Bonding System]
[COMPOSITE][COMPOSITE]
[COMPOSITE][COMPOSITE]
HL
Restorative
Material
Normal
Dentin
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15. Designing Bonding SystemsDesigning Bonding Systems
BONDING AGENT
PRIMER
ETCHANT
E+nE+nPP++BB
US Companies
2 =
1 =
 E+nE+nPPBB
Japanese Companies
= 2
= 1
or nEor nEPP++BB
Self-EtchingSelf-Etching
PrimerPrimer
???
 nEnEPPBB
Self-EtchingSelf-Etching
AdhesiveAdhesive
hydrophilic tooth structure
hydrophobic “restorative material”
Total Etch SystemsTotal Etch Systems
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16. E + nE + nPP ++ BB or nEor nEPP ++ BB E + nE + nPPBB  nEnEPPBB
Self-Etching PrimerSelf-Etching Primer
Self-Etching AdhSelf-Etching Adh
nnP =P =
HEMA, … ,HEMA, … ,
(Polymers),(Polymers),
Alcohol, HAlcohol, H22O, AcetO, Acet
E =E =
HH33POPO44,,
HH22OO
B =B =
Bis-GMA, TEGDMABis-GMA, TEGDMA
Acetone or AlcoholAcetone or Alcohol
E =E =
HH33POPO44,,
HH22OO
nnPB =PB =
HEMA, … , TEGDMAHEMA, … , TEGDMA
(Polymers),(Polymers),
Alcohol, HAlcohol, H22O, AcetO, Acet
B =B =
MMA, Bis-GMA, TEGDMA,MMA, Bis-GMA, TEGDMA,
(Polymers),(Polymers),
Acetone or AlcoholAcetone or Alcohol
Acid Monomer,Acid Monomer,
HEMA,HEMA,
HH22OO
nnEP =EP =
Acid Monomer,Acid Monomer,
HEMA,HEMA,
Polymer,Polymer,
(TEGDMA),(TEGDMA),
HH22O, AlcoholO, Alcohol
nnEP =EP =
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17. BONDING SYSTEM:BONDING SYSTEM: pHpH
3-Component (3-Component (EE+P+B),+P+B), Total EtchTotal Etch
• 10% H10% H33POPO44 0.80.8
• 35% H3PO435% H3PO4 0.10.1
2-Component (2-Component (EE++PBPB),), Total EtchTotal Etch
• One-StepOne-Step 0.80.8 + 4.74.7
• Bond 1Bond 1 0.80.8 + 3.93.9
• SingleBondSingleBond 0.80.8 + 3.6 (5.1)3.6 (5.1)
• Optibond SOptibond S 0.80.8 + 2.82.8
• Prime&Bond NTPrime&Bond NT 0.80.8 + 2.6 (3.2)2.6 (3.2)
• CabrioCabrio 0.80.8 + 2.52.5
• PQ1PQ1 0.80.8 + 2.22.2
2-Component (2-Component (EPEP+B),+B), Self-Etching PrimerSelf-Etching Primer
• SE BondSE Bond 2.62.6
• Tyrian SPETyrian SPE 0.40.4
1-Component (1-Component (EPBEPB),), Self-Etching AdhesiveSelf-Etching Adhesive
• PanaviaPanavia 2.9 (A+B)2.9 (A+B)
• iBondiBond 2.42.4
• One-UpOne-Up 2.32.3
• Prompt L-PopPrompt L-Pop 1.31.3
• Xeno IIIXeno III 1.11.1
7.07.0
5.05.0
4.04.0
3.03.0
2.02.0
1.01.0
0.00.0
-1.0-1.0
6.06.0
BasicBasic
AcidicAcidic
Variable Etching EffectivenessVariable Etching Effectiveness
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18. E+nE+nPP++BB E+E+nPBnPB nEPnEP++BB
Self-EtchingSelf-Etching
PrimerPrimer
nEPnEPBB
Self-EtchingSelf-Etching
AdhesiveAdhesive
Total-Etch SystemsTotal-Etch Systems Self-Etch SystemsSelf-Etch Systems
Reliable BondingReliable Bonding No Postoperative SensitivityNo Postoperative Sensitivity
1. Store in the refrigerator and use quickly.
2. Use steel or carbide burs (not diamonds) for
dentin surfaces to be bonded.
3. Apply multiple layers and agitate applicator.
4. SEPs (and SEAs) should be “air dried” >10s,
and “not air thinned.”
5. Consider H3PO4 etch, as well, if significant
enamel involved in preparation surfaces.
Hybrid
Layer
Hybrid
Layer
Hybrid
Layer
Hybrid
Layer
hydrophilic
hydrophobic
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19. TIME EFFECTSTIME EFFECTS
on hydrophilic leachingon hydrophilic leaching
Water blisters
Tay FR, Frankenberger R, Krejci I, Bouillaguet
S, Pashley DH, Carvalho RM, Lai CNS.
Single-bottle adhesives behave as permeable
membrances after polymerization. I. In vivo
evidence.
J Dent 2004; 32:611-621.
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20. BONDING SYSTEMSBONDING SYSTEMS
2-COMPONENT SYSTEMS (nEP + B)
• Clearfil SE Bond & LinerBond 2v (Kuraray)
• Tyrian SPE (Bisco)
• Optibond Solo SE Plus (Kerr)
• Fluoro Bond (Shofu)
• UniFil Bond (GC)
• Mac Bond II (Tokuyama)
• NanoBond (Pentron)
1-COMPONENT SYSTEMS (nEPB)
• AQBond (Sun Medical)
• or Touch-and-Bond (Parkell)
• Adper Prompt or LP3 (3M-ESPE)
• Solist (One-bottle-bond) (DMG Hamburg)
• iBond (Hereaus-Kulzer)
• Xeno III (Dentsply)
3-COMPONENT SYSTEMS (E + nP + B)
• Scotchbond Multipurpose Plus (3M)
• Permaquick (Ultradent)
• Bond-It (Jeneric / Pentron)
• All-Bond 2 (BISCO)
• Tenure A/B/S (Denmat)
• ProBond (Dentsply)
2-COMPONENT SYSTEMS (E + nPB)
• Syntac Single Component (Ivoclar)
• Ecusit Primer/Mono (DMG Hamburg)
• One Coat Bond (Coltene / Whaledent)
• Bond-1 (Jeneric / Pentron)
• Tenure Quik with Fluoride (Denmat)
• Solid Bond (Hereaus-Kulzer)
• Imperva Bond (Shofu)
• EG Bond (Sun Chemical)
• PQ1 (Ultradent)
• Easy Bond (Parkell)
• Paama 2 and Stae (SDI)
• Prime&Bond NT (Dentsply)
• Single-Bond (3M)
• Optibond Solo and Solo Plus (Kerr)
• One-Step (BISCO)
• Excite (Ivoclar/Vivadent)
• OSB Bonding System (ESPE)
• IntegraBond (Premier)
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21. ENAMEL or
DENTIN
DENTAL
AMALGAM
AMALGAM
BONDING SYSTEM
Amalgam Reaction
Product Matrix
Residual
Amalgam Alloy
AMALGAM BONDINGAMALGAM BONDING
Mechanical InterlockingMechanical Interlocking
Interfacial Interlocking of phases
Amalgambond Plus
(Parkell)
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22. ENAMELENAMEL
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CERAMICCERAMIC
INLAYINLAY
Acid-etchedAcid-etched
enamelenamel
and dentinand dentin
DentinDentin
bondingbonding
systemsystem
Silanated /Silanated /
Bonded surfaceBonded surface
HF acid-etchedHF acid-etched
surfacesurface
RESIN
INLAY
CEMENT
CERAMIC BONDINGCERAMIC BONDING
Resin CementResin Cement
= Composite= Composite
HF ETCHINGHF ETCHING
• High-Leucite PorcelainsHigh-Leucite Porcelains
• High-Alumina PorcelainsHigh-Alumina Porcelains
• Alumina Cores (ProCera)Alumina Cores (ProCera)
• Zirconia Cores (Cercon, Lava)Zirconia Cores (Cercon, Lava)
DENTINDENTIN

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