Ericsson prospective on Video over LTE. Presented during IMTC 20th Anniversary Forum in Porto, Portugal

1. VoLTE video telephony – a
communication evolution
Per Synnergren
Expert Mobile Broadband Services and
Performance
Ericsson AB
2013-10-08

2. VoLTE video telephony is happening now!
1. VoLTE video telephony natural part of the
communication evolution
2. Launched in commercial operation
3. More launched coming next 12 months
4. Quality level set correctly in launched
networks
5. Radio environment in launched network
close to ideal
6. Normal network environment will require
additional media functionality – adaptation
7. Further work in the industry may be required
to secure the video quality

3. History of VoLTE video telephony (GSMA IR.94)
Transformation
into GSMA PRDs
OneVoice
Nov 2009
PRD IR.92
Voice UNI
PRD IR.94
Video call
additions
Extensions of
IR.92
Subset and e2e
systemization
MMTel
Interoperability
testing PRD IR.39
HDVC

4. Communication Evolution
RCS-e
VoLTE
RCS 5.x
Consumer
Communication
HD Voice
HD Video
calling
Multi-device
and Multi-
access
BE VoIP BE Video
CS voice
HD Voice
RCSe feature set
Additional
differentiators
Alignment to
RCS5
VoLTE
RCS feature set
Interoperable
voice and SMS
over LTE (IR.92)
CS-
coexistence
Advanced
services
roaming
Europe
USA
Japan
Korea

5. Market situation
1. >6 Million commercial VoLTE
users (September 2013)
• SKT 4.5M
• LGU+ 1.5M
• KT 200k
1. 3 networks in commercial
operation
2. Major launches planned end-
2013/beginning 2014
3. Video part of launched
networks, planned in many
launches
4. ~40 commercial models launched

6. Voices from korean customers
“Very impressed with video-call quality”
“The voice is definitely clear like I’m using a microphone on a computer”
“Less background noise. Maybe couldn’t hear any noise at all”
“Call connection ringtone sounds like a live music”
“I can’t notice any difference time to time.”
Speed of LTE in a crowded area is amazing
“It’s obviously way better Crisp,
clear video quality compared to
3G video call”

7. Very dense network planning in Korea
= Best possible networks to launch VoLTE/video
telephony in!!!

8. Quality of Experience is important: Secure
video quality!
1. Video telephony over radio; a challenging application/access combination!
2. It requires; low latency, low error rates and high bit rates
0.1 1 3 15
Delay from capturing the video until
it is viewed [seconds]
Video Calling
and Video
Conferencing
Video Clip
Services
TV Broadcast and
Live Webcast
Video
Sharing
<0.4s

9. 1.5
2.0
2.5
3.0
3.5
4.0
4.5
225kbps 350kbps 500kbps 650kbps 800kbps 1000kbps 1500kbps
360p Upscale 25Hz
480p 25Hz
Video bitrate for enjoyable quality
MOS-VQS
Video bitrate
VGA video format, H.264 video codec
Typical target
to be above
Typical target
to be above

10. What is used in deployed networks?
• 480p (VGA) native video format used in deployed
networks
• Video bitrate >=500 kbps as recommended

11. Quality aspects - Visible degradations
• End-user service expectations
– Varies between video services
• Assumption of acceptable visible
degradations:
– Video Calling, Video Sharing and
Video Conferencing
• Once per 20 seconds
– Live Web Cast
• Once per 15 minutes
– TV Broadcast/Video Clip
• Once per 45-60 minutes (basically error free)
PLR: 10-3
PLR: 10-5
PLR: 10-6

12. Can it be achieved in field?
Table: 99% percentile and average of PLR
(high load, low SINR for one device)
Table: 99% percentile and average of PLR
(low load, high SINR for both devices)
Table: 99% percentile and average of PLR
(high load, high SINR for both devices)

13. The challenge we should work further on is …
… how to offer a Video Call in an real LTE network
deployment planned for MBB and Voice?
>500 kbps
>? kbps
x dB

14. What happens in the “yellow area”?
10 15 20 25 30
0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1
1.2
1.4
1.6
1.8
2
Process time [s]
Delay [s]
Packet delay
Lost packet

15. Situation improved by video bitrate adaption!
10 15 20 25 30
0
100
200
300
400
Bitrate [kbps]
10 15 20 25 30
0
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.4
Packet delay [s]
Process time [s]
10 15 20 25 30
100
200
300
400
Bitrate [kbps]
10 15 20 25 30
0
0.5
1
1.5
2
Process time [s]
Packet delay and lost packets
Packet delay [s]
Packet lost
Congestion problem
detected in advance to
avoid packet loss and
delay increase
Abrupt reduction in video
bitrate when congestion is
identified in UE
UE triggered adaptation Network triggered adaptation
Possible to have mooth
reduction in video bitrate, when
congestion starts to build up

16. Sender based adaptation
RTP
RTCP SR/RRBandwidth estimatorBandwidth estimator
• Reacts on data in RR/SR, e.g. fractional loss
• Estimates available bandwidth
• If video rate > available bandwidth
• Sends rate request to the controller
• Reacts on data in RR/SR, e.g. fractional loss
• Estimates available bandwidth
• If video rate > available bandwidth
• Sends rate request to the controller
Mediasender
Needs regular RTCP reports during normal operation
Mediareceiver
ControllerController
EncoderEncoder

17. Receiver based adaptation
Rate controlRate control
Arrival time model and
channel usage detection
Arrival time model and
channel usage detection
MediaReceiver
Over-use
Normal
Under-use
Over-use
Normal
Under-use
Video frame
Uses filterUses filter
• Adjusts Receiver Bandwidth
Estimation
• Send rate requests
• Adjusts Receiver Bandwidth
Estimation
• Send rate requests
 Works on inter-frame arrival delay
 Rate request send to the sender
using RTCP TMMBR
RTCP (TMMBR)
RTP
MediaSender
ControllerController
EncoderEncoder

18. ECN trigger
Rate controlRate control
ECN and channel usage
detection
ECN and channel usage
detection
MediaReceiver
With ECN
RTCP (TMMBR)
RTP

19. • GSMA IR.94 does not mandate video adaptation
functionality
• 3GPP do specify the protocols needed, but not
procedures/guidelines
•  Video adaptation may need operator specific
multivendor test and verification
• Something for IMTC to consider?
Interoperability not (fully) secured!

20. VoLTE video telephony is happening now!
1. VoLTE video telephony natural part of the
communication evolution
2. Launched in commercial operation
3. More launched coming next 12 months
4. Quality level set correctly in launched
networks
5. Radio environment in launched network
close to ideal
6. Normal network environment will require
additional media functionality – adaptation
7. Further work in the industry may be required
to secure the video quality