A group of chronic CNS disorders characterized by recurrent seizures.
Seizures are sudden, transitory, and uncontrolled episodes of brain dysfunction resulting from abnormal discharge of neuronal cells with associated motor, sensory or behavioral changes.
56. CLONAZEPAM (RIVOTRIL) Dosage And Administration The dosage of Rivotril must be individually adjusted according to the patient's clinical response, tolerance of the drug and the patient's age Age group Initial dose Maintenance dose Infant &children upto 10 years (or over to 30kg body weight) 0.01-0.03mg/kg/day 0.05-0.1mg/kg/day For children over 10years Or over 30kg 1.2mg/day 1.5-3mg/day For Adults 1-2mg/day 2-4mg/day
112. Table 2. Proposed Mechanisms of Antiepileptic Drug Action ↓ Na+ ↓Ca+ ↓K+ ↑ Inh. ↓Excitatory channels channels channels transmission transmission ________________________________________________________________________________ Established AED’s PHT +++ CBZ +++ ESM +++ PB + +++ + BZD’s +++ VPA + + ++ + New AED’s LTG +++ + OXC +++ + + ZNS ++ ++ VGB +++ TGB +++ GBP + + ++ FBM ++ ++ ++ ++ TPM ++ ++ ++ ++ LEV + + + ________________________________________________________________________________ +++ primary action, ++ possible action, + probable action. From P. Kwan et al. (2001) Pharmacology and therapeutics 90:21-34. [Data from Upton (1994), Schachter (1995), McDonald and Kelly (1995), Meldrum (1996), Coulter (1997), and White (1999).]
Hinweis der Redaktion
Slide 2: Brain regions and neuronal pathways Certain parts of the brain govern specific functions. Point to sensory, motor, association and visual cortex to highlight specific functions. Point to the cerebellum for coordination and to the hippocampus for memory. Indicate that nerve cells or neurons travel from one area to another via pathways to send and integrate information. Show, for example, the reward pathway. Start at the ventral tegmental area (VTA) (in magenta), follow the neuron to the nucleus accumbens, and then on to prefrontal cortex. Explain that this pathway gets activated when a person receives positive reinforcement for certain behaviors ("reward"). Indicate that you will explain how this happens when a person takes an addictive drug.