Unit 2.5

Programming and Development Tools Web Programming

UNIT

2.5
Web Programming
List Types

OBJECTIVES
This unit helps you to insert different types of list to your Web page.
At the end of this unit, you will be able to
Add Ordered List to your document
Add Unordered List to your document
Add Nested List to your document
Add Definition List to your document

Benchmark standard
Create well-organised Web pages by adding different types of List in
appropriate places.

List Types 2.5-1


Let us Revise!

1. Name the tag to make a text bold.
2. List the tags used to change the size of a text.
3. Write the tags used to add subscript and superscript to a Web page.
4. Name the tag used to centre align a text.
5. Write how to strike out a text.

Introduction
You are seeing different types of list every day. Your class students’ names in
the attendance register is a list. The index in your text book is a list. The set
of teachers names maintained in your school’s office is list. The different food
available in a hotel is provided as a list in the menu card. A list is generally a
number of items displayed one after the other in consecutive lines. You can
insert variety of lists in your Web page. There are three types of list in HTML.
They are
Ordered List
Unordered List and
Definition List.

2.5.1 Ordered List
Ordered list is a list of items that appears in some order. The list may appear
in ascending order, alphabetical order or any logical order. The following list is
an example for ordered list where planets are ordered based on its distance
from the Sun.
1. Mercury
2. Venus
3. Earth
4. Mars
5. Jupiter
6. Saturn
7. Uranus
8. Neptune
9. Pluto

List Types 2.5-2


Hands-On!

Open the HTML file Ord_List.html in Internet Explorer.
The code in Ord_List.html file is given below:
<HTML>
<HEAD>
<TITLE> Your Birthdate </TITLE>
</HEAD>
<BODY>
<H1 Align="Center"> Your Birthdate </H1>
Do you want to find the birthday of your friend? Ask your
friend to perform the following calculations:
<OL> Creates an ordered list

<LI> Multiply the number of your birth month by 5.
<LI> Add 7 to the result.
<LI> Multiply the result by 4.
List
<LI> Add your birthday to the result. Items of
Ordered
<LI> Subtract 205 from the result. List
</OL>
Now, ask him the final result. If the result is a 3 digit
number then the first digit represents the month of birth
and the other 2 digits represent the day of birth. If the
result is a 4 digit number then the first 2 digits
represent the month of birth and the next 2 digits
represent the day of birth.
</BODY>
</HTML>
The output of the above program is shown in Figure 2.5.1.

List Types 2.5-3


Figure 2.5.1: Ordered List
The above example helps you to find the birthday of a person by asking him
to perform some calculations. You will arrive at the correct result, only if the
calculations are performed in the same logical order given. Since they are in a
specific order they are numbered as 1, 2, 3, and so on. Hence it is an ordered
list.

Note

The ordered list is also called as numbered list.

The <OL> and <LI> tags are used to create ordered list. OL stands for
Ordered List and LI stands for List Item. The <OL> tag specifies that the list
followed is an ordered list. The <LI> tag specifies the item to be displayed in
the ordered list. Each item in the list should be preceded by an <LI> tag. The
list of items should be placed within the <OL> and </OL> tags. The <LI>
tags should be placed inside the <OL> tag. The following code is used to
make the items appear in an ordered list shown in Figure 2.5.1.
<OL>
<LI> Multiply the number of your birth month by 5.

List Types 2.5-4


<LI> Add your birthday to the result.
<LI> Subtract 205 from the result.
</OL>
Code Sample 2.5.1

Note

The closing tag of <LI> tag is optional.

Attributes of <OL> tag
The attributes of <OL> tag are explained in Table 2.5.1.
Attribute Value Example Effect
Type 1 <OL Type=“1”> The items will be labelled
as 1, 2, 3, and so on.
A <OL Type=“A”> The items will be labelled
as A, B, C, and so on.
a <OL Type=“a”> The items will be labelled
as a, b, c, and so on.
i <OL Type=“i”> The items will be labelled
as i, ii, iii, and so on.
I <OL Type=“I”> The items will be labelled
as I, II, III, and so on.
Start Any <OL Type = “a” The items will be labelled
value in Start = “c”> starting from c as c, d, e,
the and so on.
series of
the
TYPE
specified

Table 2.5.1: Attributes of <OL> Tag

Note
The default value for Type attribute is 1.

Self-Check Exercise 2.5.1

Match the output to its respective code:

List Types 2.5-5


Code Output
<OL Type = “A”> Items labelled as 1, 2, 3, and so on.
<OL Type = “i" Start = Items labelled as A, B, C, and so on.
“iv”>
<OL> Items labelled as iv, v, vi, and so on.
<OL Type = “a” Start = Items labelled as II, III, IV, and so on.
“c”>
<OL Type = “I” Start = Items labelled as c, d, e, and so on.
“II”>
Table 2.5.2: Match the code and output

Lab Exercise

Lab Exercise 1: Open D5_1.html in Internet Explorer. The following code will be present in
D5_1.html.

<HTML>
<HEAD>
<TITLE> Ordered List </TITLE>
</HEAD>
<BODY>
<H2 Align="CENTER">Ordered List </H2>
<OL >
<LI> January
<LI> February
<LI> March
<LI> April
<LI> May
<LI> June
<LI> July
<LI> August
<LI> September
<LI> October
<LI> November
<LI> December
</OL>

List Types 2.5-6


</BODY>
</HTML>
1. Identify the tag which is used create an unordered list in source code D5_1.html.
2. Name the attribute which used to change bullet type.
3. Change the bullet style to a.

Activity 2.5.1

1. Create a web page that explains the types of Lists and <OL> tag as
shown in Figure 2.5.2.
2. Save the HTML file as Activity1.html.

Figure 2.5.2: A Web page explaining the Ordered List

2.5.2 Unordered List
Unordered list is a list of items that can appear in any order. The following list
is an example for unordered list of Continents:
Asia
Africa
Australia
North America

List Types 2.5-7


South America
Europe
Antarctica

Hands-On!

Open the HTML file Unord_List.html in Internet Explorer.
The code in Unord_List.html file is given below:
<HTML>
<HEAD>
<TITLE> Countries and Capitals </TITLE>
</HEAD>
<BODY>
<H1> Countries of South America and their Capitals</H1>
<UL> Creates an Unordered list

<LI>Argentina - Buenos Aires
<LI>Venezuela - Caracas
<LI>Ecuador - Quito
<LI>Uruguay - Montevideo
<LI>Paraguay - Asuncion
<LI>Bolivia - La Paz
<LI>Peru - Lima
<LI>Guyana - Georgetown
<LI>Columbia - Bogota
<LI>Brazil - Brasilia
<LI>Surinam - Paramaribo List Items of
UnOrdered List
<LI>Chile - Santiago
<LI>French Guyana - Cayenne
</UL>
</BODY>
</HTML>
Code Sample 2.5.2


List Types 2.5-8


Figure 2.5.3: Unordered List

The <UL> and <LI> tags are used to create Unordered list. UL stands for
Unordered List. The <UL> tag specifies that the list followed is an unordered
list. Each item in the list should be preceded by an <LI> tag. The list of items
should be placed within the <UL> and </UL> tags, The <LI> tags should be
placed completely inside the UL tag. The following code is used to make the
items appear in an unordered list shown in Figure 3.
<UL>
<LI>Argentina - Buenos Aires
<LI>Venezuela - Caracas
<LI>Ecuador - Quito
<LI>Uruguay - Montevideo
<LI>Paraguay - Asuncion
<LI>Bolivia - La Paz
<LI>Peru - Lima
<LI>Guyana - Georgetown
<LI>Columbia - Bogota
<LI>Brazil - Brasilia
<LI>Surinam - Paramaribo

List Types 2.5-9


<LI>Chile - Santiago
<LI>French Guyana - Cayenne
</UL>
Code Sample 2.5.3

Attributes of <UL> tag
The attribute of <UL> tag is explained in Table 2.5.3.
Attribute Value Example Effect
Type disc <UL Type =“disc”> The items will be preceded
by a disc shaped bullet.
circle <UL Type =“circle”> The items will be preceded
by a circle shaped bullet.
square <UL Type =“square”> The items will be preceded
by a square shaped bullet.

Table 2.5.3: Attributes of <UL> Tag

Note

The unordered list is also called as bulleted list.

Warning

The TYPE attribute of <UL> tag is deprecated from IE4 onwards.


The following program runs perfectly. But there is a logical mistake in it. Identify the mistake:
<H1> Steps involved in creating and executing a HTML
document </H1>
<UL Type=”circle”>
<LI> Open Notepad.
<LI> Type the HTML code.
<LI> Save the file with extension .HTML and close
Notepad.
<LI> Open Internet Explorer
<LI> Select your HTML file.
</UL>

List Types 2.5-10


Activity 2.5.2

1. Create a web page that explains Unordered List as shown in Figure
2.5.4.

Figure 2.5.4: Web Page Explaining Unordered List

Lab Exercise

Lab Exercise 2: Open D5_2.html in Internet Explorer. The following code will be present in
D5_2.html.

<HTML>
<HEAD>
<TITLE>Unorder List</TITLE>
</HEAD>
<BODY>
<H2 Align=CENTER>Lives Encyclopedia</H2>
<UL Type ="circle">
<LI> Animals

List Types 2.5-11


<LI> Reptiles
<LI> Pisces
</UL>
</BODY>
</HTML>

1. Identify the tag which is used to create order list in source code D5_2.html.
2. Identify the attribute which used to change bullet type.
3. Change the bullet style to square.

Nested Lists
A list of items appearing inside another list is known as Nested List. Lists of
same type or of different type can be nested within each other. The following
list is an example for Nested list where unordered list is nested within ordered
list.
1. Asia
Malaysia
India
Indonesia
2. Europe
England
Germany
France
3. South America
Brazil
Argentina
Uruguay

Hands-On!

Open the HTML file Nest_List.html in Internet Explorer.
The code in Nest_List.html file is given below:
<HTML>
<HEAD>
<TITLE> Bones of Human Body </TITLE>
<BODY><FONT Size=5>

List Types 2.5-12


<H1> The Bones of Human Body </H1>
<OL> Creates an Ordered List

<LI>The Bones in the Hand
<UL Type = square>
<LI>The Humerus Unordered List nested
within Ordered List
<LI>The Ulna
<LI>The Radius
<LI>The Carpus
<LI>The Metacarpus
<LI>The Phalanges of the Hand
</UL>
<LI>The Bones in the Leg
<UL Type = square> Unordered List nested
within Ordered List
<LI>The Femur
<LI>The Patella
<LI>The Tibia
<LI>The Fibula
<LI>The Tarsus
<LI>The Metatarsus
<LI>The Phalanges of the Foot
</UL>
</OL>
</BODY>
</HTML>
Code Sample 2.5.4


List Types 2.5-13


Figure 2.5.5: Nested List

In the above example, two <UL> tags are completely placed inside a <OL>
tag. Hence, the unordered list of items is displayed inside the ordered list of
items.

Warning

While nesting tags, the starting and ending tags of one tag should be completely inside the
starting and ending tags of the other. The tags should not overlap each other.

Lab Exercise

Lab Exercise 3: Write a HTML code to display the output as given in the following Figure
2.5.6.

List Types 2.5-14


Figure 2.5.6: Lives Encyclopaedia

Lab Exercise 4: Write a HTML code to display the output as given in the following Figure 2.5.7
using nested list. Save the file as Festivals.html under the folder in your name in C:.

List Types 2.5-15


Figure 2.5.7: Festivals in Malaysia

2.4.3 Definition List
Definition list is a list used to display the definitions of terms. The following list
is an example for definition list:
Atom
An atom is the smallest particle of matter that uniquely defines a
chemical element.
Proton
A proton is a positively charged subatomic particle present inside the
nucleus
Electron
An electron is a negatively charged subatomic particle
Neutron
A neutron is a neutrally charged subatomic particle present inside the
nucleus.

List Types 2.5-16


Hands-On!

Open the HTML file Def_List.html in Internet Explorer.
The code in Def_List.html file is given below:
<HTML>
<HEAD>
<TITLE> Newton's Laws of Motion </TITLE>
<BODY>
<H1> Newton's Laws of Motion </H1>
<DL> Creates a Definition List

<DT> Newton's I Law
Displays the Definition Term
<DD> Every object in a state of rest or of uniform motion
tends to remain in that state of motion unless an
external force is applied to it. This is also known as
the law of inertia.
Displays the Definition of the
<DT> Newton's II Law term
<DD> The force on an object is equal to the product of
its mass and acceleration. F = ma. The unit of force is
the Newton and is equal to the force required to change
the velocity of a 1 kg mass by 1 metre per second in one
second.
<DT> Newton's III Law
<DD> For every action there is an equal and opposite
reaction.
</DL>
</BODY>
</HTML>
Code Sample 2.5.5


List Types 2.5-17


Figure 2.5.8: Definition List

The <DL>, <DT> and <DD> tags are used to create definition list.
Tag Function of the tag
<DL> Specifies that the list following this tag is a Definition
List.
<DT> Specifies the term to be defined.
<DD> Specifies the definition of the term.

The following code is used to make the items appear in a definition list shown
in Figure 2.5.3.
<DL>
<DT> Newton's I Law
<DD> Every object in a state of rest or of uniform motion
tends to remain in that state of motion unless an
external force is applied to it. This is also known as
the law of inertia.
<DT> Newton's II Law
<DD> The force on an object is equal to the product of
its mass and acceleration. F = ma. The unit of force is
the Newton and is equal to the force required to change
the velocity of a 1 kg mass by 1 metre per second in one
second.

List Types 2.5-18


<DT> Newton's III Law
<DD> For every action there is an equal and opposite
reaction.
</DL>
Code Sample 2.5.6

Note

There are no closing tags for <DT> and <DD> tags.


The tags and attributes involved in creating lists are hidden in the following table. The tags
appear in the boxes in 3 directions ( ). Identify the tags and attributes by
drawing boxes around them.

S K N L I S
Z T Y P E P
O P A C A U
L P N R Y L
B D L Z T X
Q T G D D W

Activity 2.5.3

1. Create a web page that explains how to use the Definition List as
shown in Figure 2.5.9.

List Types 2.5-19


Figure 2.5.9: Web Page Explaining Definition List

Lab Exercise

Lab Exercise 5: Write a HTML code to display the output as given in the following Figure
2.5.10 using definition list.

List Types 2.5-20


Figure 2.5.10: Ordered List

Technical Terminologies
Ordered List - Ordered list is a list of items that appears in some order.
The list may appear in ascending order, alphabetical
order or any logical order.
Unordered List - Unordered list is a list of items that can appear in any
order.
Nested List - A list of items appearing inside another list is known as
Nested List.
Definition List - Definition list is a list used to display the definitions of
terms.

Summary
In this unit, you learnt that
The three types of list are Ordered List, Unordered List and
Definition List.
The <OL> and <LI> tags are used to create ordered list.
TYPE and START are attributes of <OL> tag
The <UL> and <LI> tags are used to create Unordered list. UL
stands for Unordered List.
The <DL>, <DT> and <DD> tags are used to create definition list.

List Types 2.5-21


Assignment

I. Answer the following questions:
1. Name the different types of list.
2. State the differences between Ordered and Unordered Lists.
3. Name the attributes of <OL> tag.
4. List the tags to create Definition List.

List Types 2.5-22


Criterion Referenced Test

Instruction: Students must evaluate themselves to attain the list of
competencies to be achieved.

Name:
Subject: Programming and Development tools
Unit: List Types

Please tick [ √ ] the appropriate box when you have achieved the respective
competency.

Date Text in HTML
C1 C2 C3 C4 C5

Comment

Competency codes

C1 = State the definition of a List. Identify the different types of List?
C2 = Write a program to create an Ordered List.
C3 = Write a program to create an Unordered List.
C4 = Create a HTML document to display a list of definitions for terms in any
of your subject.
C5 = Write a program to create a Nested List.

List Types 2.5-23

Unit 2.5

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Unit 2.5