1. IFAD/ICARDA Knowledge Exchange Workshop, 26-29 October 2009 Knowledge and Technology Exchange for Enhanced Quality of IFAD/ICARDA Operations in the NENA region Presented by Ahmed T Moustafa Improving Agricultural Productivity and Food Security in the Arabian Peninsula

2. Arabian Peninsula Saudi Arabia Kuwait Bahrain Qatar Emirates Oman Yemen

4. Renewable water resources per capita in different regions (m 3 /person/year) Arabian Peninsula Extreme Water Scarcity Asia (exclude ME) 3,947.6 ME & NA 1,397.5 Europe 10,685.7 NA 16,557.8 CA & Carrabin 6,653.4 SS Africa 6,956.6 Oceanic 52,673.8 SA 44,816.4

6. A Potential Solution to water and rangeland problems developing production and rehabilitation systems Exploit the well adapted genetic variability of indigenous forage species

7. Identify promising indigenous species for forage production with less water Plant collection missions (9) in deserts of AP 190 indigenous plant and shrub species collected and identified 23 indigenous plant species prioritized for further research

8. Dry matter production of six forages (t/ha) under deficit irrigation (4 L/m 2 /day) Buffel Grass 56% improvement in productivity

10. Cumulative number of Buffel growers in UAE from 2003 to 2009

14. Productivity of 1 m 3 of water Protected Agriculture Vs. Open Field Source: Y.T. Guma, A. Al-Masoum, Acta Hort. 434, ISHS 1996

15. Total open field production of Tomato in Abu Dhabi (MEW data for 2005) 111,867 ton Photo: Peter Essick which consumed 19.6 million m 3 of water Same production would only consume 1.3 million m 3 of water under Protected Agriculture 93% reduce

17. Technology Package: Integrated Production & Protection Management (IPPM) Improved integrated production and protection Management (IPPM) practices that ensure strong healthy plants with adequate protection from pests and diseases, using safe control practices with minimal use of chemicals

19. Applying IPPM techniques in Dhamar, Yemen 1 Aug 2003-1 Dec 2003

20. Increasing farmers’ incomes by introducing simple cash crop production system in greenhouses 38 small farmers adopted the protected agriculture techniques for the producing high quality cash crops in Yemen resulted in Up to 400% increase in farmers ’ income. Adoption of protected agriculture in Yemen resulted in Up to 400% increase in their income .

21. Production After First Season Comparing Selected Pilot Growers Cucumber Production in Open field and under GH (2005) Base on Bench mark study and production records

22. Introduction of Protected Agriculture into Mountain Terraces in Yemen created additional income for farmers through the cultivation of cash crops Introduce new techniques of cultivation and irrigation Intensified the use of terrace lands Create additional jobs for the rural population, thereby encouraging farmers to settle in rural areas

26. PA as Alternative Livelihood for Poppy Growers Comparison between the Net Income of one Jerib of Poppy and one GH (270 m2) of cucumber (one year production) Based on interview with farmers and socio-economic study

27. Increased yield per unit of water, space and energy

28. Hydroponics Maximizes Production per Unit of Water Comparison of cost of production between soil bed and Hydroponics System in Kuwait Items Costs (KD) Soil Beds Hydroponics Green House 55,397.00 29,734.00 Production Materials 176.00 3900.00 water (Irrigation) 32,610.00 720.00 Growing Media 750.00 2,050.00 Fertilizers 660.00 245.00 Insecticides 346.50 144.00 Manpower 7,200.00 3,000.00 Total 97,139.50 39,793.00 Comparison of Production and Plant Density between soil bed and hydroponics system in Kuwait

29. Before After

30. Now

31. Cost, Income and Profits of cucumber in Hydroponics System (Farsi farm, 3 GHs - 5 growing seasons 04-05) OR

32. Establish soilless production system at growers sites, UAE

33. Cucumber Production from Soil and Soilless in Hamranieh RS and Pilot Growers in Ajman and Ras Al Khaimeh (Feb to May 2009) Plant/m 2 Soil HRS Soilless Grower in RAK Soilless HRS Soilless Grower in AJM

34. Weekly Harvest of Cucumber (kg) from Soil and Soilless (Feb-May 2009)