1. NATIONAL ECONOMICS UNIVERSITY
BTEC HND IN BUSINESS
Assignment Cover Sheet
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UNIT TITLE
ASSIGNMENT TITLE
ASSIGNMENT #
NAME OF ASSESSOR
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Nguyễn Hùng Chiến
10120115
Unit 2: Managing Financial Resources and Decisions
Individual Assignment 1: Archie’s Company
1 of 3
Marcus Lang and Nguyen Huu Chi
10 am Oct 25, 2013
I, __________________________ hereby confirm that this assignment is my own work and not
copied or plagiarized from any source. I have referenced the sources from which information is
obtained from me for this assignment.
________________________________
Signature
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-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------FOR OFFICIAL USE
1

2. ASSIGNMENT GRADE
Unit Outcomes
Outcome
Evidence for
the
criteri
a
Feedback
Assessor’s
decision
Identify the
sources of
finance
available to a
business
Explore the
sources of
finance
available to
a business
(Unit 2, 1)
Analyse the
implications
of finance as
a resource
within a
business
(Unit 2, 2)
a
Assess the
implications
of the
different
sources
b
Select
appropriate
sources of
finance for a
business
project
c
Assess and
compare the
costs of
different
sources of
finance
a
Explain the
importance of
financial
planning
b
Assess the
information
needs of
different
decision
makers
c
2
Internal
Verification

3. Outcome
Evidence for
the
criteri
a
Feedback
Assessor’s
decision
Explain the
impact of
finance on
the financial
statements
d
Merit grades awarded
M1
M2
M3
Distinction grades awarded
D1
D2
D3
Professor’s additional feedback and comments
Assignment
( ) Well-structured
Reference is done properly / should be done (if any)
Overall, you’ve
Areas for improvement:
ASSESSOR SIGNATURE
DATE /
/
NAME:.........................................................................................
(Oral feedback was also provided)
STUDENT SIGNATURE
DATE
/
/
NAME :........................................................................................
3
Internal
Verification

4. FOR INTERNAL USE ONLY
VERIFIED
YES
NO
DATE
: ..............................................................................
VERIFIED BY : ........................................................................
NAME
: ..............................................................................
4

5. Table of Contents
NATIONAL ECONOMICS UNIVERSITY....................................................................................................1
BTEC HND IN BUSINESS ............................................................................................................................1
Evidence for the criteria...............................................................................................................................2
Table of Contents..............................................................................................................................................5
Assignment.......................................................................................................................................................6
I.Introduction....................................................................................................................................................6
II.Assumption project business:.......................................................................................................................7
III.Major Finding..............................................................................................................................................8
1.Task1: ........................................................................................................................................................8
2.Task 2:......................................................................................................................................................11
3.Task 3:......................................................................................................................................................12
4.Task 4:......................................................................................................................................................15
CONCLUTION..............................................................................................................................................17
REFERENCES...............................................................................................................................................18
5

6. Assignment
I.
Introduction
Archie Andrew is a man who has been working in the electronic industry for 15 years.
Now, he want to have owner company and find four investor will go into business with him.
The main product of his company are electronic product.
About the capital, Archie has $50000, each of the investors has $125000 and they will
put into company’s assets, in company, through agreement of four investor, Archie will run
the company
Because The Archie’s company will require a total of $1500000 of financing to invest
and star up company, Archie plans to borrowing more money from other sources or sell their
shares, bonds. Firstly, he identifies the following assets he will need to conduct his
operations:
Vehicle: $50000
Equipment: $675000
Furthermore, he want to rent office space, factory space, computer machines, labour,
raw material, etc. So Archie need the possible strategy and analysis clear working capital,
balance sheet, etc. to choose suitable plan for company.
6

7. II.
Assumption project business:
Assumption Archie is a new company, and was set up in UK
UK’s general situation and the industry
-Country and capital:
England: London
Xcốt-len :Edinburgh
Side Uên :Cardiff
South Ai-len:Belfast
-Languages: English and UEN
-Region: Christian
-Government and Monarchy: Constitutional
monarchy
The UK is a leader in power and trade finance.
-Currency: Pound
City of London is one of the leading financial
market in the world.
(UK is at the forefront in conducting privatization of State enterprises, focused on
investing abroad. This country has built a capitalist economy with strong industry, excellent
services.)
7

8. III.
Major Finding
1. Task1:
A. Calculate the working capital requirements for 2014 for Archie’s company and
explain the importance of financial planning to Archie and his investors.
The costs incurred in a year
$
625,000
500,000
$
Materials
25% of $2,500,000
Labour
20% of $2,500,000
Variable
10% of $2,500,000
250,000
overheads
Fixed oberheads
20% of $2,500,000
500,000
Selling and
5% of $2,500,000
125,000
distribution
2. Raw materials are in stock for 3 months
Raw materials
3/12 of $625,000
156,250
3.Work in progess inventory is 2 months worth of 1/2 produced goods
Materials (50%
1/12 of $625,000
52,083
complete)
Labour (50%
1/12 of $500,000
41,667
complete)
Variable
1/12 of $250,000
20,833
overheads (50%
complete)
114,583
4.Finished goods represent one month of production
Materials
1/12 of $625,000
52,083
Labour
1/12 of $500,000
41,667
Variable
1/12 of $250,000
20,833
overheads
114,583
1. Dentoers take 2 months before payment
Debtors
2/12 of $2,500,000
416,667
802,083
5.Credis is taken as
Materials
1.5/12 of $625,000
78,125
Labour - 50 weeks
Variable
overheads
Fixed overheads
Selling and
distribution
1/50 of $500,000
10,000
1/12 of $250,000
20,833
1/12 of $500,000
41,667
0.5/12 of $125,000
5,208
155,833
Working capital
requirement
8
$(802,083 - 155,883)
646,250

9. - The importance of financial planning
to Archie and his investors:
B. Archie has heard of JIT and EOQ,
but does not understand the difference
between the two. Explain the difference to
him and articulate the underlying
assumptions of each approach.
“Finance is money, or, in broader terms,
it is a monetary arrangement made in
exchange for the ability to do something.
The basic sources of money are saved,
borrowings, grants and earning.” (Course
book, 2013, p25). So, Financial Planning is
a continuous process to help you in making
sensible decisions about your money that
can help you achieve your goals in life. But
the question is “Why financial planning is
important”. There are three reasons.
Good inventory management is key to a
company’s achieving its goal of meeting
customer demands and having high
profitability. There are two ways of
managing inventory, EOQ and JIT.
- Strategy Just-In-Time (JIT) is a concept
in modern manufacturing. The brief
summary is: "Right product - with the right
amount - in the right place - at the right time
necessary." In other words, the JIT is a
production system in which the flow of raw
materials, goods and products circulating in
the production and distribution planning in
detail step by step, so that the next following
can be done as soon as the process is
terminated. Thereby, there are no items in
the manufacturing process in order not to
fall into the state, pending, no labour or
equipment that has to wait for input
operation.
- Manage your income and capital or
cash management. Many businesses or
organizations have monthly changing in
revenues, they have period cash is plentiful,
have period cash is shortages. Building the
financial planning help the top to control
more easily, income expenditure budgeting
will show the best way possible in managing
income. Thus, management of income or
financial planning is necessary in increasing
cash flow.
- Costs priority: The financial planning
process helps a company can be identify the
most important expenditures, that bring
about
immediate
improvements
in
productivity, efficiency. Since, financial
planning can help in appreciating the best
investment opportunities for companies
The JIT system allows the system to
operate
most
effectively,
avoiding
unnecessary waste.
- Assess the level of risk in the
investment:
Every
business wants to reach
the long-run investment.
Thus, financial planning
helps them to assess and
avoid the risk in the
investment
9

10. - EOQ, Economic Order Quantity: is
one of the techniques for inventory control
which minimizes total holding and ordering
costs for this year. Economic order quantity
is the technique that solves the problem of
materials management. EOQ is essentially
an accounting formula determined at which
the combination of order costs and inventory
costs to the least. The result is the most cost
effective way to order quality
Based on these principles, calculation
methods will calculate the additional time to
inventory and the numbers of adding
product after each order. The model applied
in the context of supply and stable supplies
of relatively have good planning
JIT
EOQ
Just-in-Time (JIT) is a management
philosophy in Japan with the aim of
providing for the right time, right product
and amount of shares at the right time.
Economic Order Quantity (EOQ) is a method
That at producing period large quantities of
materials, businesses maintained at the
desired level with minimal cost
JIT focus on meeting the needs of customers
on time with the right quality and quantity
with minimal resources, time, and waste
material.
EOQ maintains a fixed amount of material in
their inventory and have a degree of
reorganization, in which it must be added in
order to avoid shortages and additional costs
JIT is dependent on the work ethic and EOQ is dependent on financial and marketing
commitment of the entire workforce of the strategy
company.
Assumption for the JIT model:

- It depends on the kind of product that a company produce. JIT works best in
food (perishable) business, fashion but can also be applied in cars
manufacturing like in Toyota.
-
Have good buyer-supplier relationships
-
Buyer should near the supplier in location
-
Get effective communication between buyer and supplier in both ways
-
Good demand predicting or stable demand.
- Suppliers should be flexible (if having a changing in demand, suppliers should
be able adaptation)
10

11.  Assumption for the EOQ model
-
The cost of the ordering remains constant.
-
Demand is constant. (Course book, 2013)
-
The produce time is not changing or zero (Course book, 2013)
-
Purchase cost per unit are constant (i.e. no bulk discounts) (Course book,
2013).
-
The optimize plan is figured out for only one product.
-There is no delay in the replenishment of the stock, and the order is delivered in
the quantity that was demanded. (i.e. in whole batch)
2. Task 2:
they can increase both the volume of
suppliers and Archie’s sales. However, in
case if Archie pays late fee and interest,
suppliers will have more benefit in contact
like Archie must pay more interest than
normally.
 On the market today, in the short
term, there are many factors affecting
customer when deciding to extend trade
credit. Specially, with Archie- a new
company, customer wants to see more and
more information like application forms,
Cost of Trade Credit ,etc. Of Archie.
 To be extended a short-term (1 year)
or a long-term (more than 1 years) loan from
the bank, the banks will be checked some
information from your company. Applying
Archie, assuming Archie wants a banker
extend a short-term or long-term loan. In
deciding whether or not to extend for
Archie, how long to extend, how the interest
rate, banks will consider your financial
ability (you have grounds to show repay the
bank in a timely manner, ...), Through the
credit agreement signed, Archie’s financial
report, business plan, affordability. Bankers
can predict the Archie’s ability for repaying
the fees and interests or not. If they see a
suitable situation, Archie can be extended
loan banking. It the way the bank see con
your company when you want to extend
more money from the short-term or longterm loan bank. To be more opening, before
being extended, there are some principles of
lending if a company want to borrow money
from bank. The bank must look business
- Trade credit is one part of the process
to build business credit. It is an open
account with a supplier who lets a customer
buy now and pay later. A formal credit card
must be complete with application: The
legal name of businesses, legal owner, year
in business, industry SIC code, ID of
company, number employees, total revenues
per year, bank references, and Signatures of
the owners/officers of the company. Then, a
credit institution licensed will check the
quality of your company's reputation
through
purchase
history,
banking
information, overall financial health, and
other data. This check will be kept
continuing monthly. Besides, If Archie
wants to be accepted by the supplier, they
must ensure the contract with pay on time
the fees and interest. Different suppliers will
have different terms and conditions for
company Archie when they pay trade
credits. If Archie uses suitable trade credits,
11

12. asking for loan from you company. Can they
be trusted, is your company able to repay
(i.e. “is it a profitable one and are there
enough spare profits to be able to afford the
interest and the periodic repayment of
portions of the loan” – Course book, 2013).
Furthermore, the bank want to know the
purpose of the loan, repayment term of the
loan are very significant. Special, the bank
will need some form of security that it can
turn to if your company can not repaid (just
like a mortgage).
investor buys Archie’s shares, they become
shareholders. Shareholders own a share of
the company in which they have invested or
bought shares. This means the shareholder
can have a say in the running of Archie’s
activities. They may take part in a key
making decision of the company. In other
side, Archie is an electronic company, so in
the stock market, Archie’s share can get high
stably, so the shareholders can return on
their investment quickly and get a high
dividend per year. Adding reasonable
financial resources, ability controls the
capital, assets and income, Archie are
perfect berth stop for investor when they are
deciding to purchase a part of a stock issue
from Archie.
 Financial resources, ability to return
on investment, dividends per year are
elements to help Archie to attract an equity
investor when they sell shares. When an
3. Task 3:
A. Unit 2, 1.b, 1.c: Archie and his group of investors are interested in raising the
additional needed capital by issuing more shares of common stock even if they don’t retain
control of the company
(The issuance of shares of the company and investors Archie has many advantages. it
helps companies have a large capital to help companies attract and maintain good
staff, have the opportunity to cooperate with high potential companies and more
professional. however The Archie companies willing to sell 100% of shares can lead
to unpredictable consequences. For example, dispersion of ownership, profit or loss
can be entirely firm. All information of the company have been widely publicized and
rigorous.)
Benefit
Private
placement
Cost
Quick and expense
effective.
Difficult to find
suitable investors.
Shareholders are
choice of investors.
Be danger of
insufficient in funds.
Flexibility in kind and
type of funding.
Some case limited
investors.
Burdens
Practically
Power was divided
to many part or
power of
shareholders are not
big
Lost money and time
to find suitable
investors
Investors easily
affected by small
Practicality is not
high, a company will
Easier to negotiate on
return.
Money for scrutiny
not too much.
OTC
Shares are sold widely
and publicly
Lack of comment and
feedback from
12

13. Quick attract investors
and capital to expand
rapidly
economic investment
professionals
The capital increase is
not limited from the
investor.
Easy to lose company
if appear the investor
buy all Archie’s
shares
changes, and sold
his shares
need to take time to
be permitted from
the competent
authority. But if you
want quickly
investment, this is a
good way for get fast
capital
Day by day, Archie
always proves their
ability that they can
be good in business
and show their
financial capital per
month or year.
If Archie want to
follow a long term
business, this a good
way to get a safety
funds.
Not count overall
In short time, Archie
financial and in some
can be expansion to
case, there are high
bigger with fast capital ricks.
Public stock
market
Archie’s shares are
post on NYSE, it
increase the belief of
customer
through financial
statements and
information publicly
available on the
market, Archie
increased safety for
buyers
High fees take part in
and high taxation.
Archie must follow
many rules.
The transaction will
take more time
Archie always be
carefull with any
decision investment
and must get great
satisfaction from the
investors
Increase speed
investment and reduce
the risk of high
concept of investment
However Archie
must be a company
that had a history
business in the past,
and assets more and
more than 500000$
they have. So it is
impossible for
Archie to appear in
Public stock market.
B. Unit 2, 1.a, 1.c:
With one company begin a business like Archie, they should improve their
financial through issuing bond. The company will be proactive and easy to control debt and
plan to create a payment plan. However bond still have constraints, raising by using bond are
good and safety than borrowing from a lender.
Benefit
Bonds
Bond is relatively safe
because it kind of
securities fixed income.
Issuance costs and pay
lower interest rates than
conventional bonds as
compared to the interest
rates and this means
Cost
Due to shareholder
participation in the
management of the
company should switch
can cause a change in
control of the company.
When bonds are
converted, the equity is
13
Constraints
Typically, bonds can be
sold at any time - this is
one of the advantages
compared to other types of
bonds are fixed income
securities otherwise.
However, it is also an
inherent risk of price
fluctuation. That is when

14. reducing the risk to the
issuer.
"diluted" by the
increased number of
Increase in share capital in shares outstanding, each
share when it represents a
the future to move from
lower percentage of
bond debt into equity.
ownership in the
Stock price declines are not company.
due to avoid an increase in
the number of shares on the The results of conversion
will reduce interest costs,
market quickly.
I,e, increase the taxable
Before switching bonds
income of the company.
will not reduce the income Therefore, companies
of the shareholders from
have to pay more taxes
issuing shares.
when converting.
Easier to raise capital due
to the attraction of being
able to switch from bonds
to stocks.
the sale of bonds by the end
of its term, if the price falls
at the loss, the investor will
receive less than the initial
investment (capital loss).
Professional stressed that
only invest in bonds when
you have detailed advice,
including investment
objectives and risk
tolerance of the client has
been thoroughly reviewed.
It is important, investors
must own an idle funds (not
to be used during the term
of the bonds) sufficient to
provide for the case of
capital loss due to loss of
bond prices. Overall the
biggest constraints is “Risk
of price fluctuations”
C. Unit 2, 1.a, 1.b:
From introduction, beginning capital of Archie is $5500000. Archie want to raise their
financial to $1500000 by adding $950000. However Archie want to keep the control of the
company. There are two way for Archie now, raising capital by shares and borrowing from
other sources. If Archie choose the way using shares, and still keep the control, Archie must
have at less 50% share of company or at less $750000. Then Archie should borrow
($950000-$750000= $200000).
Tax
By Shares
Rick
Financial costs
implications
Profits tax from the
financial shares
approved and all
investors are supported
by government by
coincidence tax
If a shareholders or
investors buy more
than 50% shares of
company, Archie will
be lost control. (OTC
of public stock
market). If Archie use
private placement, they
can control the amount
of shares
Dividend and money
services for keeping the
investor stay for
investment
14

15. By Borrowing
When Archie borrow
money from bank or
other sources, the
company must pay the
tax, and interest rate
depend on bank loans.
If the company is not
good business, can’t
repay debt, interest rate
that the company will
lose control or
bankruptcy
If Archie get profit,
they must pay interest,
so profit line will
decline.
4. Task 4:
A. Following profit and lost statement for Archie’s Company for 2014, we can see there
are two evidence to show Archie did raise their financing. That are “Interest Payable: 40000$
and Dividends: 22,500$”
Assumption Archie loan short term and long term.
- That dividends of 3% have been declared at year’s end, so Archie’s share equity is
22,500/3%= 750000$
- Initial, Archie has been able to utilize 150000$ of trade credit, Archie’s financial
requirement is 1500000$, then borrowing requirement is 1500000-750000-1500000 =
600000$
- 600000$ here are include short term and long term loan. So if short term is X, long term
loan will be (600000-X)
- Archie’s interest payable is 40000 with lines of credit and short term loan at 4%, long
term borrowings are available from bank at 8%, we have
4% * X + 8% * (600000-X)=40000
X=200000$
Finally, Archie’s short term loan is 200000$ and long term loan is 400000$
B. Impact the financial statement:
- Loans often require repayment monthly , which will impact your financial
statements regularly. Loan payments structured in many different ways can impact your
financial statements better in some months than in others. Some loans (gyre loans) offer
regular cash to your cash flow while other loans disappear, it will make a changing with
financial statements.
- Shares offer an cash flow, in many case not require repayment. Common shares will
impact your financial statements less than preferred shares. besides, when a company put
shares into market, contemporary it make raise dividends, and make a changing in a financial
statement
Impact the value of the company:
15

16. - If a company are borrowing more and more, tax will be low, it make increasing
mobility of capital and labor , attract skilled workers and many different sources. Then profit
before tax decrease, neither tax repayment. It make increase the value of a company
- Shares: When a company sell put more share into market, ability financial of a
company will increase because shares make increase capital. However this also make
increase tax of capital, profit after tax will decrease, so value of the company will decrease.
C. With a corporation , Shareholder has the most important role for the company , the
role of Shareholder more important . The Shareholder who directly contribute money to the
company to help companies invest in the project . Apply to Archie companies , some
shareholders are unhappy with the interest rate of dividends . If they feel that the company
pay the interest rate for the bank at 4 % and 8 % for short term and long term loan . In fact
they have only received 3 % dividend rate . They feel the money they can get to more than 3
% , they are a loss . However, if you look at the table of Archie fiscal 2014 , Revenue was $
2.5 million , which suggests the company is profitable , with revenues of non-negative , and
particularly Retained Profit for the year of the company is $ 387,880 , which this confirms
the company is to invest in a particular project in the next year . They showed us a lot of
money to keep the scale of large projects . So until next year , make sure the company will
continue to profit , and 3 % dividend that much more valuable when compared with 4 % and
8 % bank interest rates . So , a word of advice to shareholders and investors , continue to
invest in companies Archie
16

17. CONCLUTION
With a joint stock company and the new company as Archie, the efficiency is
essential. As a company in the field of electricity, Archie needs to attract more and more
investors efficiently, so companies need to have specific business strategies, creation of trust
with customers and neck their shareholders to continue to stay invested. Through the sale of
stocks, bonds, bank lending, Archie also need to calculate to please shareholders, increasing
the interest dividends and retained profits for the company to continue investing in next year.
To do that, Archie should assess the situation through financial reports, updated full
information to shareholders, and the promises made in conjunction with the development
rising dividend rate for shareholders
17

18. REFERENCES
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18

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