Delineation of irrigation infrastructural, potential and land use

International Journal of Civil Engineering and Technology (IJCIET), ISSN 0976 – 6308
(Print), ISSN 0976 – 6316(Online) Volume 4, Issue 3, May - June (2013), © IAEME
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DELINEATION OF IRRIGATION INFRASTRUCTURAL, POTENTIAL
AND LAND USE/ LAND COVER OF MUZAFFARNAGAR BY USING
REMOTE SENSING AND GIS
Mohammed Hashim Ameen
M. Tech. Scholar
Department of Civil Engineering
Shepherd School of Engineering & Technology
SHIATS-DU
Naini, Allahabad, U. P. - 211007, India
Dr. R. K. Pandey
Professor, Department of Civil Engineering
Shepherd School of Engineering & Technology
SHIATS-DU
Naini, Allahabad, U.P.-211007, India
ABSTRACT
The present study has been conducted with an aim of assessing irrigation
infrastructure created in Muzaffarnagar district of Utter Pradesh state of India using cartosat
satellite data. This study deals with results of satellite data analysis of Muzaffarnagar canal
infrastructure. Orthorectified Cartosat data was utilized to extract irrigation infrastructure
(canal network). Based on the satellite derived information in terms of number of canals, their
physical status, irrigation potential created was assessed by comparing with canal wise
irrigation potentials. All the geospatial information generated in the study is organized in a
systematic geo-database using a schema developed for the project. The main canal irrigation
system are Tikri Branch , Nirpura Branch, Kurthal Branch, Sujti minor, Doghat minor,
Bhagwanpur minor, Bhadal minor, Gaidbra minor and Milana minor. Satellite derived
irrigation infrastructure assessment indicates that the most of the canals are matching with the
design length. But Gadidbra minor has shortage of length. Official length was 5.55 km
whereas satellite derived length was observed to be only 3.33 km. Therefore potential was
also observed to be less in case of Gadidbra minor. Satellite derived irrigation potential is 285
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CIVIL ENGINEERING AND
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ISSN 0976 – 6308 (Print)
ISSN 0976 – 6316(Online)
Volume 4, Issue 3, May - June (2013), pp. 01-11
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ha where as official was 570 ha. Based on the satellite derived irrigation infrastructure status,
the irrigation potential of the entire canal is estimated is 11355 ha against the official data of
11600 ha.
Land cove of the study area has also been calculated to find out area statistics.
Supervised classification techniques were used to show the total geographical area of
Muzaffarnagar that is 19481.34 ha out of which 9474.91 ha is Agricultural land. It has also
been found that about 243.61 ha area covered by water body. The barren land comprises of
7313.06 ha and settlement is 2449.74ha.
1. INTRODUCTION
Irrigation in a tropical, developing country like India has been practiced over
centuries. Here it needs to be noted that irrigation does not just means large scale storage and
transfer of water over long distances, as it has come to mean for engineer dominated vision
and works of our times. A storage and transfer dominated perspective also neglects the
crucial parts of irrigation, namely actual users and dynamics of society, soil characteristics
and cropping practices. The issue is provision of required water to required crops at optimum
times in cropped areas. This does not necessarily mean transferring water over large
distances. The process of irrigation is not only the transfer of water, but also the construction
of structures, which store, harvest or hinder the natural flow of water. Any human
intervention in the natural hydrological flow for the purpose of providing water to the soil or
the plan for crop production has to be included in the definition of irrigation.
Developing irrigation resources requires a lot of financial and environmental cost to
the society, and therefore, non-utilization of irrigation leads to wastage of precarious
resources on the one hand, and loss of opportunity to increase the agricultural production, and
subsequently the income of the rural producers, on the other. Accordingly, necessary steps
are required immediately to minimize the gap between irrigation potential creation and
utilization from the existing irrigation resources, before rolling out the investment in the
creation of new irrigation resources.
Remote sensing has enabled mapping, studying, monitoring and management of
various resources like agriculture, forestry, geology, water, ocean etc. It has further enabled
in monitoring of environment and thereby helping in conservation. In the last four decades it
has grown as a major tool for collecting information on almost every aspect on the earth.
With the availability of very high spatial resolution satellites in the recent years, the
applications have multiplied. In India remote sensing has been used for various applications
during the last four decades and has contributed significantly towards development.
Geographic Information System (GIS) can integrate Remote Sensing and different data sets
to create a broad overview of potential irrigable area. While the remotely sensed image of an
area gives a true representation of an area based on land cover / used, grid interpolated
climate data serves many purposes and used as climatic data base where meteorological data
from gauging networks are not adequate. The topographic and hydrologic attributes of land
and landscape such as slope, aspect and watershed modeling can be derived directly from the
DEM. They are point elevation data stored in digital computer files.
However, these factors should be assessed in an integrated manner, geo-referenced
and mapped for surface irrigation development possibilities. With an adequate database,
Geographic Information Systems (GIS) can serve as a powerful analytic and decision-making
tool for irrigation development.

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1.2 Case Study of Muzaffarpur Nagar
Muzaffarnagar district is rectangular in shape, lying between 29°11′30″N and
29°45′15″N and between 77°3′45″E and 78°7′E. Its total area is 4049 km2
. The greatest
length of district, from east to west is 97.6 km and its greatest breadth from north to south
57.6 km the average length and breadth are about 85 km and 50 km respectively. It has an
average elevation of 232 metres. The district is covered by two major holy rivers from two
sides; in the east there is the Ganges and in the west there is the Yamuna. The neighboring
districts, Shamli district to its west and Bijnor, Uttar Pradesh to the east, respectively;
Saharanpur and Meerut districts are to its north and south. It is located 125 kilometers N-W
of the national capital, Delhi and roughly 200 kilometers S-E of Chandigarh.
1.3 Methodology
The basic approach for the assessment of irrigation potential creation in a project is
through identification and mapping of irrigation canal network and providing the status (w.r.t.
the completion/ incompletion/ pending) of the entire conveyance and distribution system,
various irrigation & drainage structures etc.
Project command area maps and relevant ground/field information was used for precise
boundary delineation of study area. This area mask was then used for Cartosat satellite data
acquisition planning and procurement.
Fig. 1 Flowchart of Methodology followed in this work
1.4 Satellite Data
The satellite data was used in the study. Cartosat PAN Sensor data was used which
has a spatial resolution of 2.5m. Since the study area was covered in many paths of Cartosat
satellite data acquisition (each path is covered separately in a different day as per orbital

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calendar), cloud free data was acquired in different time windows depending upon the
overpass of satellite. Each scene is ortho corrected; geo-referenced and suitable Image
enhancements are applied to facilitate the delineation and interpretation of different thematic
information.
Table 1 Information of Cartosat satellite data
Satellite Cartosat
Sensor Pan
Datum WGS84
Spatial Resolution 2.5 m
Temporal Resolution 5 days
Radiometric resolution 10 bit
Swath 30 m (PAN)
2. RESULTS
The main distributaries in tons pump canal irrigation system are Jari, Akodha,
Bhunda, Jogani, Karchana and Naini. The satellite based assessment of irrigation
infrastructure & irrigation potential is discussed in this report separately for each
Distributary.
2.1 Irrigation Infrastructure
The summary of the irrigation infrastructure assessment in different branches of Tons
pump canal is provided below:
2.1.1 Tikri Branch: It has been found during our field visit that off take of Tikri Branch is
40.230 km from the main canal. It has also been observed that Sujti minor, Doghat minor,
Bhagwanpur minor direct off taking from Tikri branch at the distance of 2.040, 9.50 and
12.00 km respectively. Official report for length of Tikri branch is 16.600 km which is much
closer to satellite derived length. Interpretation of satellite images indicates that the Sujti
minor and Doghat minor is 11.923 km and 8.514 km respectively. But, Bhagwanpur minor is
incomplete and appear to be under construction. Official length of Bhagwanpur minor is
4.710 km whereas satellite derived length is observed to be 4.619 km.
2.1.2 Nirpura Branch: Off take of Nirpura branch is 40.230 km from main canal. It has been
observed that official length of Nirpura Branch is 16.640 km whereas satellite derived length
is observed to be 16.400 km. It has been seen that Gadidbra minor has shortage of length.
Official length was 5.55 km whereas satellite derived length was observed to be only 3.33
km. Off take of Gadidbra minor is from Nirpura branch which is at the distance of 7.200 km.
2.1.3 Kurthal Branch: Official length of Kurthal branch is 13.550 km whereas satellite
derived length is 13.972 km. There are two minors, namely; Bhadal and Milana minor is
derived from Kurthal branch. Official length of Bhadal minor is 7.200 km whereas satellite
derived distance is 7.330 km. On the other hand official length of Milana minor is 13.700 km
whereas satellite derived length is 13.706 km.

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Table 2 Delineation of Irrigation Canal Infrastructure
Level
Official
Proposed Canal
length (Km )
Satellite Derived
canal length
(Km)
Tikri Branch 16.6 16.822
Sujti Minor 11.8 11.923
Doghat Minor 8.2 8.514
Bhagwanpur Minor 4.71 4.419
Nirpura Branch 16.64 16.4
Gadidbra Minor 5.55 3.333
Kurthal Branch 13.55 13.972
Bhadal Minor 7.2 7.33
Milana Minor 13.7 13.706
Fig 2 Official Proposed Canal length (Km)/ Satellite Derived canal length (Km)
2.2 Irrigation Potential
Based on the satellite derived irrigation infrastructure status, the irrigation potential
estimated is 11040 Ha against the target potential of 11600 Ha. Hence there is 560Ha balance
irrigation potential which is yet to be created in the canal area. The information about the
canal wise irrigation potential created is provided in Table 2.
2.2.1 Tikri Branch: Irrigation Potential of Tikri branch have three (Doghat, Bhagwanpur,
Sujti) minors. Satellite based assessment of Tikri branch have shortage of length, therefore
irrigation potential was observed to be less than the official observation. Irrigation Potential
of official data is 1590 ha but Irrigation Potential was observed to be only 1585 ha, with
using satellite data.

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2.2.2 Nirpura Branch: Irrigation Potential of Nirpura branch have one (Gadidbra Minor)
minor. Satellite based assessment of Nirpura branch has same length of official data.
Therefore irrigation potential was observed to be similar than the official observation.
Irrigation Potential of official data and satellite derived Irrigation Potential was observed to
be similar i.e. 3090 ha. But Gadidbra Minor shows less irrigation potential than the official
data because of the shortage of length. It has been observed that satellite derived irrigation
potential is 285 ha where as official was 570 ha.
2.2.3 Kurthal Branch: Irrigation Potential of Kurthal branch has tow (Bhadal and Milana)
minors. Satellite based assessment of Kurthal branch have shortage of length, therefore
irrigation potential was observed to be less than the official observation. Irrigation Potential
of official data is 1470 ha but Irrigation Potential was observed to be only 1280 ha, using
satellite data.
Table 3 Statistics of Irrigation Potential
Level
Planned
Proposed
Irrigation
Potential (ha)
Satellite Derived
Irrigation
Potential (ha)
Tikri Branch 1590 1505
Sujti Minor 1390 1390
Doghat Minor 520 520
Bhagwanpur Minor 500 500
Nirpura Branch 3090 3090
Gadidbra Minor 570 285
Kurthal Branch 1470 1280
Bhadal Minor 640 640
Milana Minor 1830 1830
Fig 3 Planned Proposed Irrigation Potential (ha)/ Potential Satellite Derived Irrigation
Potential

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Fig 4 Satellite image showing of irrigation infrastructure of study area
Fig 5 Incomplete canal of Gaidbra minor shown in satellite image

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Fig 6 Irrigation infrastructure of study area
Fig 7 Incomplete canal of Gaidbra minor
3. SPATIAL DISTRIBUTION OF DIFFERENT LAND USE /LAND COVER CLASSES
OF MUZAFFARNAGAR STUDY AREA USING SUPERVISED CLASSIFICATION
The technique using supervised classification showed the total geographical area of
Muzaffarnagar is 19481.34 ha out off 9474.92 ha is Agricultural area. In this respect the
Agricultural area covered 48.64% of the area. It also been found that about 243.62 ha
(1.25%) of area covered by Water body. The barren land comprises of 7313.1 ha that is
37.54% of study area. The area covered by Settlement is 2449.74 ha (12.57). Statistics of

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study area is shown in table Land use/ land cover of study area using supervised
classification.
Table 4 Area statistics of land use / Land cover map
Land Cover Area (ha) Area (%)
Agriculture 9474.9175 48.64%
Water body 243.61688 1.25%
Barren 7313.0688 37.54%
Settlement 2449.7413 12.57%
Fig 8 Area statistics of land use / Land cover map
Fig 9 Land use and land cover of Mujaffarnagar

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4. CONCLUSION
Satellite data was used for assessing the irrigation potential created, through mapping
of irrigation infrastructure consisting of canal network cross drainage and other related
irrigation structures. Also land use land cove mapping was done using cartosat data.
4.1 Identification and mapping of existing irrigation network with main canal / branch canal/
distributaries/ minor & sub minors was done from the satellite image through onscreen
digitization using ERDAS IMAGINE image processing software and Arc GIS software by
displaying the image at 1:4000 to 1:2000 scales. The above irrigation infrastructures were
identified and mapped using the image interpretation key. Then random ground checks were
made for verification and confirmation of image interpretation details.
4.2 In this study it has been seen that most of the distributaries and minors are complete. But,
Gadidbra minor has shortage of length.Official length was 5.55 km whereas satellite derived
length was observed to be only 3.33km. During our field visit GPS has been used and was
observed that at the tail end of the Gadidbra minor is not complete.
4.3 Gadidbra Minor shows less irrigation potential than the official data because of the
shortage of length. It has been observed that satellite derived irrigation potential is 285 ha
whereas official was 570 ha.
4.4 Supervised classification technique were used to showed the total geographical area of
Muzaffarnagar that is 19481.34ha out off which 9474.91ha is Agricultural land. In this
respect the Agricultural area covered 48.64% of the area. It has also been found that about
243.61ha (1.25%) of area covered by Water body. The barren land comprises of 7313.06ha
(37.54%). The area covered by Settlement is 2449.74 ha (12.57%).
4.5 The modern geospatial techniques of Remote Sensing and GIS with high spatial
resolution data are useful to check the infrastructure development of canal.
4.6 Remote sensing and GIS techniques have been very effective. It consumes less time and it
is the cheapest and accurate tool for mapping of canal infrastructure development.
4.7 Apart from all the advantage of remote sensing and GIS for infrastructure development of
canal it has also some limitation. In case of very minor changes in canal structure might not
be identified. To come out with these problems one has to do very extensive field visit and
using high spatial resolution data to minimize error.
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