SlideShare ist ein Scribd-Unternehmen logo
1 von 9
Downloaden Sie, um offline zu lesen
International Journal of Mechanical Engineering and Technology (IJMET), ISSN 0976 –
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING
6340(Print), ISSN 0976 – 6359(Online) Volume 4, Issue 6, November - December (2013) © IAEME

AND TECHNOLOGY (IJMET)

ISSN 0976 – 6340 (Print)
ISSN 0976 – 6359 (Online)
Volume 4, Issue 6, November - December (2013), pp. 214-222
© IAEME: www.iaeme.com/ijmet.asp
Journal Impact Factor (2013): 5.7731 (Calculated by GISI)
www.jifactor.com

IJMET
©IAEME

APPLICATION OF DIAGNOSTIC METHODS FOR THE REAR DRIVE
AXLE OF THE PASSENGER CARS
Ylber SHABANI1,

Shaqir ELEZAJ2,

Naser LAJQI1,

Shpetim LAJQI1*

University of Prishtina, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Department of Construction and Design,
Sunny Hill n.n., 10 000, Prishtina, Kosova

ABSTRACT
This paper introduces developing of the methods for diagnostic of the rear drive axle for the
passenger cars without its demounting. Are used subjective and objective diagnostic methods.
Localizing of the noise of subjective methods is done through the stethoscope and other devices for
hearing the noise, while the objective methods of diagnosing the rear drive axle is done with
diagnostic vibrometer device. By application of these diagnostic methods greatly would be
contributed in quickly localization of the rear drive axle fault where diagnostic process of the
servicer will done fastener.
Keywords: Diagnostic, Rear Drive Axle, Vibration, Objective and Subjective Methods.
1. INTRODUCTION
Determining of the vehicle condition is one of the key elements during process of vehicle
maintenance. Therefore it is necessary to monitor continuously changing situation of the specific
parameters which over the time lead to the weakening of the vehicle components. If not intervene in
the time, then comes up fault respectively stopping of the vehicle work.
In the paper, is treated diagnostics methodology for the rear drive axle, through objective and
subjective methods?
The technical diagnostic, as a part of the maintenance process determined by the condition,
should be certify the technical condition of the component part of the system with a certain precision
and the right moment of the time [1].
The technical diagnostics of vehicles is a new field and quite spread and uses objective
diagnostic method. Through the technical diagnostics will do:
214
International Journal of Mechanical Engineering and Technology (IJMET), ISSN 0976 –
6340(Print), ISSN 0976 – 6359(Online) Volume 4, Issue 6, November - December (2013) © IAEME

•
•
•
•

Confirmation of the regularity of the technical condition of the rear drive axle,
Confirmation of the working condition of the rear drive axle,
Confirmation of functionality, and
Research of failures (location, type and cause of failure).

The moment of the appearance fault in rear drive axle manifests with symptoms, such as:
vibration, noise, shot, temperature, leak oil, etc. The causes of vibrations and noises should be
required from damages of differential gears or bearings.
Measurement of the vibrations in the rear drive axle of a Mercedes Benz 190 D is achieved
by vibrometer MANUAL PCE-VT 3000.
The obtained values from vibration are compared with the ISO 2372 norms for vibration [2].
Despite the progress of developing modern diagnostic tools, subjective methods are used,
which are based on the experience of experts who deals with this problem. This method used
diagnostic flowchart (algorithm) while as an equipment is used stethoscope.
2. SUBJECTIVE DIAGNOSIS OF THE REAR DRIVE AXLE
During the diagnosis firstly should be verified and documented drivers concern, through
answers to the following questions:
•
•
•
•
•

When noticing the problem for the first time,
Did something unusual happens that would coincide with it or preceded,
Did its appear suddenly or gradually,
Are any condition affecting the concern such as: road speed, kind of road , the way of
driving, temperature, load or unload condition,
Condition change has continuous character or interruptions.

After completed the preliminary investigation (found answers in previous questions),
continue with road vehicle testing in order to found caused problem.
The road test is necessary for any drive concern about noise or vibration, because vibration
and noise are beginner symptoms of fault for the rear drive axle.
The rear axle and driveline concern symptoms are also same as the vehicle engines,
transmission, rear wheel bearings, and tires. For this reason should be concluded that the symptoms
comes from the rear drive axle before repairing or installing any part in rear drive axle [1].
During testing of the vehicle on the road, registered concerns that occur must be written to
which speed [km/h], or the number of engine rotations [rpm] appear noise and vibration.
Therefore, diagnosis specialist should have full knowledge about the functioning of the
power transmission system to detect any errors [1].
If after completion of the test vehicle on a part of road could be appear symptom in the rear
drive axle (ring and pinion gears or differential case), should be made a visual inspection of the rear
drive axle:
•
•

Check if have signs of oil leakage on the case of rear drive axle, and
Cracking and other damages.

If during the visual inspection shows no leakage and cracking, then remove bolts for draining
oil from the differential and control [3]:

215
International Journal of Mechanical Engineering and Technology (IJMET), ISSN 0976 –
6340(Print), ISSN 0976 – 6359(Online) Volume 4, Issue 6, November - December (2013) © IAEME

•
•
•
•

The amount of oil in the differential,
The presence of any foreign metal particles,
Particulate metal parts from wear of the differential, and
The presence of burned oil (odor).

If during the inspection will detect the presence of metal particles, before the vehicle is
repaired would be used the subjective diagnostics method for rear drive axle.
To identify the possibility cause, used symptoms and control procedures is introduced in
Table 1. Then should be used corrective action to repair parts of the vehicle.
Symptoms or manifestations of irregular work of the rear drive axle are developed with
flowchart shown in Fig 1, [4] and [5].
Table 1: Symptoms and control procedure [4] and [5]
Symptoms

Control Procedure

Noise during wheel rotation

1

Constant noise

2

Gears noise during driving

3

Gears noise during driving of the vehicle in
coasting road

4

Bearing noise during driving of the vehicle
in coasting

5

Noise appeared during driving of the
vehicle in curves road

6

Temperature in differential

7

Oil leak from rear drive axle

8

Differential

216
International Journal of Mechanical Engineering and Technology (IJMET), ISSN 0976 –
6340(Print), ISSN 0976 – 6359(Online) Volume 4, Issue 6, November - December (2013) © IAEME

STAR

Rear drive axle symptoms

Noise during
wheel rotation

A

1

Bearing noise
during coasting

5

2

Noise during
curves road

6

Gears noise
during driving

3

Temperature in
differential

7

Gears noise during
coasting road

4

Oil leak from
rear drive axle

8

Constant noise

A

STOP

Figure 1: Flowchart by symptoms of the irregular work on the rear drive axle

In the Figure 2 is presented flowchart for noise during rotation of the vehicle wheels (control
procedure 1 of Table 1 and Figure 1), while in literature [4] are submitted all of other flowchart data
for 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, and 8.

217
International Journal of Mechanical Engineering and Technology (IJMET), ISSN 0976 –
6340(Print), ISSN 0976 – 6359(Online) Volume 4, Issue 6, November - December (2013) © IAEME

1

The wheel bearings
damage or wear?

Remove and install
new half shaft

Remove and install new
wheel bearings

Half shafts are
inclined

Road
testing

END
Road
testing

Wear of hose
bearing half shaft

END

Repair hose of
bearing half shaft
Are eliminated
noise
Road
testing
Procedure is
completed
END
END

Figure 2: Flowchart of noise during wheel rotation
3. TECHNICAL DIAGNOSIS OF THE REAR DRIVE AXLE FOR THE PASSENGER CAR
MERCEDES 190
The preparation of the passenger car Mercedes 190 D to measure vibrations velocity,
vibrations displacement and vibrations acceleration of the rear drive axle is presented in Figure 3.
The vehicle is raised from the ground by the crane and placed into two supports on both sides in
order during rotation of the wheels do not come into contact with the surface of the earth.
The measurements were made in the fourth gear of gearbox transmission (direct transmission
ratio). In this case the vehicle speed reaches 100 [kmh-1], which corresponds to the number of engine
rotation, respectively the input rotation of differential is 3000 rpm.

218
International Journal of Mechanical Engineering and Technology (IJMET), ISSN 0976 –
6340(Print), ISSN 0976 – 6359(Online) Volume 4, Issue 6, November - December (2013) © IAEME

Measurements of vibrations in the rear drive axle of the passenger car Mercedes 190 D are
made with vibrometer MANUAL PCE-VT 3000. After the measurement is proved that the vibrating
velocity are in limits norms for vibrations which are introduced by ISO 2372 standard. The ISO 2372
serves with monitoring of the vibrations.

Figure 3: Preparing of the vehicle for measurement of the vibrations in the rear drive axle of the
passenger vehicle Mercedes 190 D [4]
4. MEASUREMENTS RESULTS FOR REAR DRIVE AXLE OF THE PASSENGER CAR
MERCEDES 190
Measurements of the vibration are done in five specific points, which are presented in Figure
4. Measuring sensor has needle shape which is used for measurements in 3 and 4 point, while the
measuring sensor with electromagnet is used in other measurement points.

Figure 4: Measurement points in the rear drive axle:
1 - Differential housing, 2 – Bearing of the pinion gear, 3 – Right carrier bearing,
4 - Left carrier bearings, 5 - Back part of the rear drive axle [4]
In Figures 5, 6 and 7, are shown the measured values of the vibration velocity, vibration
displacement, and vibration acceleration in rear drive axle for passenger car Mercedes 190 D, when
the input rotation of the differential is 3000 rpm.

219
Vibration velocity, [cm/s]

International Journal of Mechanical Engineering and Technology (IJMET), ISSN 0976 –
6340(Print), ISSN 0976 – 6359(Online) Volume 4, Issue 6, November - December (2013) © IAEME
0.0075
0.006
0.0045
0.003
0.0015
0
1

2

3

4

5

Measuring points
Figure 4: Graphic presentation of the vibration velocities in measuring points [4]

Vibration
displacement, [mm]

0.015
0.012
0.009
0.006
0.003
0
1

2

3

4

5

Measuring points
Figure 5: Graphic presentation of the vibration displacements in measuring points [4]

Vibration
acceleration, [m/s2]

0.350
0.280
0.210
0.140
0.070
0.000
1

2

3

4

5

Measuring points
Figure 6: Graphic presentation of the vibration acceleration in measuring points [4]

220
International Journal of Mechanical Engineering and Technology (IJMET), ISSN 0976 –
6340(Print), ISSN 0976 – 6359(Online) Volume 4, Issue 6, November - December (2013) © IAEME

Figure 7: Vibration measuring values for the vibration acceleration, vibration velocity and vibration
displacement shown in measuring vibrometer display (MANUAL PCE-VT 3000) [4]
Vibration measuring values of the acceleration, velocity and displacement are compared with
normative norm according ISO 2372 (10816) for vibration, Table 2.
Table 2: Maximal allowed values of the vibration velocity according ISO 2372 standard [2]
Type of machine
Vibration
velocity
Class I
Class II
Class III
Class IV
vmax [mm/s]
Pe < 15 [kW] 15 [kW] <Pe<75 [kW] Pe >75 kW
0.00 ÷ 0.28
0.28 ÷ 0.45
0.45 ÷ 0.71
0.71 ÷ 1.12
1.12 ÷ 1.80
1.80 ÷ 2.80
2.80 ÷ 4.50
4.50 ÷ 7.10
7.10 ÷ 11.20
11.20 ÷ 18.00
18.00 ÷ 28.00
28.00 ÷ 45.00
• 45.00

A

A

A

A

B
B
C

B
C

B
C
C

D

D

D

D

Note: Area A - Good condition of machine, Area B – Operation of machine is satisfactory,
Area C - Operation of machine is unsatisfactory, and Area D – Operation of machine is
unacceptable (to repair).
In Figure 8 is shown condition of component of the rear drive axle after measuring of
vibration (after disassembling).

221
International Journal of Mechanical Engineering and Technology (IJMET), ISSN 0976 –
6340(Print), ISSN 0976 – 6359(Online) Volume 4, Issue 6, November - December (2013) © IAEME

Figure 8: Condition of component of rear drive axle after disassembling [4]
:
After measuring, the rear drive axle is disassembled and its components are observed
carefully, where components are in good condition (haven’t shown any damage).
(
7. CONCLUSION
The presented paper introduces two diagnosing methods for rear drive axle of the passenger
cars, by using subjective and objective diagnosis methods.
,
By subjective diagnosing method is achieved through symptoms to determine fault and what
corrective action should be taken to repair components of the rear drive axle, introduced by
n
developed flowchart diagram.
In the technical diagnostic are made vibration measurements of the vibration velocity,
vibration displacement and vibration acceleration by vibrometer device MANUAL PCE
PCE-VT 3000,
when the vehicle speed is simulated to be 100 [km/h], which corresponds with input rotation of
[km/h]
differential 3000 [rpm].
Obtained results for the vibration velocity, vibration displacement, and vibration acceleration
measuring for five points in the rear drive axle are:
•
•
•

In Area A - good driving condition (according to ISO),
Greater values of vibration velocity are appeared in the bearing carriers,
(points 3 and 4 of measurement),
points
measurement)
Vibration velocity and acceleration have similar behavior compared with vibration
displacement.

The obtained results are suitable because after disassembling, the condition of the component
of the rear drive axle are good (don’t shown any damage) after measuring.
8. LITERATURE
[1]
[2]
[3]
[4]

[5]

T. Gilles, Automotive Service: Inspection.: Inspection, Maintenance, Repair, USA, 2011.
Machine Condition Monitoring and Fault Diagnostics, Chris K Mechefske, 2010.
Diagnostics,
Rear Drive Axle/Differential — Ford 7.5-Inch Ring Gear, Manual, 2007.
Y. Shabani, Application of diagnostic methods for passenger vehicles differential Mercedes
ion
190 D, master thesis, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, University of Prishtina, Prishtinë
2013.
N. Lajqi, Diagnostifikimi i Automjeteve, Prishtinë, 2008.
,

222

Weitere ähnliche Inhalte

Andere mochten auch

10 cosas que aprender en 2012
10 cosas que aprender en 201210 cosas que aprender en 2012
10 cosas que aprender en 2012Jesús Sánchez
 
Telecomunicaciòn digital
Telecomunicaciòn digitalTelecomunicaciòn digital
Telecomunicaciòn digitalJulio Colcha
 
DIL E Governance
DIL E GovernanceDIL E Governance
DIL E Governanceneha.gangal
 
Mtb school 2014 summertime
Mtb school 2014 summertimeMtb school 2014 summertime
Mtb school 2014 summertimePedro Alarcón
 
Marketing and pr task 4
Marketing and pr task 4Marketing and pr task 4
Marketing and pr task 4Abbi Taylor
 
Газета "Свободная страна" №№ 15, 16, 2014 год
Газета "Свободная страна" №№ 15, 16, 2014 годГазета "Свободная страна" №№ 15, 16, 2014 год
Газета "Свободная страна" №№ 15, 16, 2014 годkhibinite
 
Unidad didáctica .cómo como. pdf
Unidad didáctica .cómo como. pdfUnidad didáctica .cómo como. pdf
Unidad didáctica .cómo como. pdfjaviuclm4
 
Productividad en 4 sencillos pasos
Productividad en 4 sencillos pasos Productividad en 4 sencillos pasos
Productividad en 4 sencillos pasos Paz Palacios
 
Jay sean
Jay seanJay sean
Jay seanViney24
 
Presentacion industrias racionero
Presentacion industrias racioneroPresentacion industrias racionero
Presentacion industrias racionerocdelacierva
 
Fuentes de energia renovables
Fuentes de energia renovablesFuentes de energia renovables
Fuentes de energia renovablescrissdavilag
 
Aplicación de las redes sociales en la educación
Aplicación de las redes sociales en la educaciónAplicación de las redes sociales en la educación
Aplicación de las redes sociales en la educaciónAndys71
 
Highways experince
Highways experinceHighways experince
Highways experinceDan Chalmers
 
Riyaziyyat 2 sumqayit 7_eliyeva valide mirzehuseyn
Riyaziyyat 2 sumqayit 7_eliyeva valide mirzehuseynRiyaziyyat 2 sumqayit 7_eliyeva valide mirzehuseyn
Riyaziyyat 2 sumqayit 7_eliyeva valide mirzehuseynmimio_azerbaijan
 

Andere mochten auch (20)

20320130406031
2032013040603120320130406031
20320130406031
 
50120130406037
5012013040603750120130406037
50120130406037
 
20320130406029
2032013040602920320130406029
20320130406029
 
20320130406021 2-3
20320130406021 2-320320130406021 2-3
20320130406021 2-3
 
10 cosas que aprender en 2012
10 cosas que aprender en 201210 cosas que aprender en 2012
10 cosas que aprender en 2012
 
Telecomunicaciòn digital
Telecomunicaciòn digitalTelecomunicaciòn digital
Telecomunicaciòn digital
 
Sbc4 (8) mfu_301111
Sbc4 (8) mfu_301111Sbc4 (8) mfu_301111
Sbc4 (8) mfu_301111
 
DIL E Governance
DIL E GovernanceDIL E Governance
DIL E Governance
 
Mtb school 2014 summertime
Mtb school 2014 summertimeMtb school 2014 summertime
Mtb school 2014 summertime
 
Marketing and pr task 4
Marketing and pr task 4Marketing and pr task 4
Marketing and pr task 4
 
Газета "Свободная страна" №№ 15, 16, 2014 год
Газета "Свободная страна" №№ 15, 16, 2014 годГазета "Свободная страна" №№ 15, 16, 2014 год
Газета "Свободная страна" №№ 15, 16, 2014 год
 
Unidad didáctica .cómo como. pdf
Unidad didáctica .cómo como. pdfUnidad didáctica .cómo como. pdf
Unidad didáctica .cómo como. pdf
 
Online Warehouse Insights
Online Warehouse InsightsOnline Warehouse Insights
Online Warehouse Insights
 
Productividad en 4 sencillos pasos
Productividad en 4 sencillos pasos Productividad en 4 sencillos pasos
Productividad en 4 sencillos pasos
 
Jay sean
Jay seanJay sean
Jay sean
 
Presentacion industrias racionero
Presentacion industrias racioneroPresentacion industrias racionero
Presentacion industrias racionero
 
Fuentes de energia renovables
Fuentes de energia renovablesFuentes de energia renovables
Fuentes de energia renovables
 
Aplicación de las redes sociales en la educación
Aplicación de las redes sociales en la educaciónAplicación de las redes sociales en la educación
Aplicación de las redes sociales en la educación
 
Highways experince
Highways experinceHighways experince
Highways experince
 
Riyaziyyat 2 sumqayit 7_eliyeva valide mirzehuseyn
Riyaziyyat 2 sumqayit 7_eliyeva valide mirzehuseynRiyaziyyat 2 sumqayit 7_eliyeva valide mirzehuseyn
Riyaziyyat 2 sumqayit 7_eliyeva valide mirzehuseyn
 

Ähnlich wie 30120130406022

Study and Analysis of Tire Changing Machine Components
Study and Analysis of Tire Changing Machine ComponentsStudy and Analysis of Tire Changing Machine Components
Study and Analysis of Tire Changing Machine ComponentsIRJET Journal
 
IRJET- Design and Analysis of Antilock Braking System with Fuzzy Controller f...
IRJET- Design and Analysis of Antilock Braking System with Fuzzy Controller f...IRJET- Design and Analysis of Antilock Braking System with Fuzzy Controller f...
IRJET- Design and Analysis of Antilock Braking System with Fuzzy Controller f...IRJET Journal
 
IRJET- Fault Diagnosis by Noise Measurement in Single Stage Gearbox
IRJET-  	  Fault Diagnosis by Noise Measurement in Single Stage GearboxIRJET-  	  Fault Diagnosis by Noise Measurement in Single Stage Gearbox
IRJET- Fault Diagnosis by Noise Measurement in Single Stage GearboxIRJET Journal
 
IRJET- Design and Analysis of Chassis, Engine and Steering System of an ATV –...
IRJET- Design and Analysis of Chassis, Engine and Steering System of an ATV –...IRJET- Design and Analysis of Chassis, Engine and Steering System of an ATV –...
IRJET- Design and Analysis of Chassis, Engine and Steering System of an ATV –...IRJET Journal
 
Dynamic modeling and control of vehicle using fuzzy logic controller 2
Dynamic modeling and control of vehicle using fuzzy logic controller 2Dynamic modeling and control of vehicle using fuzzy logic controller 2
Dynamic modeling and control of vehicle using fuzzy logic controller 2IAEME Publication
 
Root cause analysis of field failure concern for improvement
Root cause analysis of field failure concern for improvementRoot cause analysis of field failure concern for improvement
Root cause analysis of field failure concern for improvementIAEME Publication
 
IRJET- Design and Analysis of Suspension System, Brakes and Wheel Assembl...
IRJET-  	  Design and Analysis of Suspension System, Brakes and Wheel Assembl...IRJET-  	  Design and Analysis of Suspension System, Brakes and Wheel Assembl...
IRJET- Design and Analysis of Suspension System, Brakes and Wheel Assembl...IRJET Journal
 
Estimation of Dynamic Behavior and Performance Characteristics of a Vehicle S...
Estimation of Dynamic Behavior and Performance Characteristics of a Vehicle S...Estimation of Dynamic Behavior and Performance Characteristics of a Vehicle S...
Estimation of Dynamic Behavior and Performance Characteristics of a Vehicle S...IRJET Journal
 
Speed dependent dual caliper action in disc brake
Speed dependent dual caliper action in disc brakeSpeed dependent dual caliper action in disc brake
Speed dependent dual caliper action in disc brakeIAEME Publication
 
SPEED DEPENDENT DUAL CALIPER ACTION IN DISC BRAKE
SPEED DEPENDENT DUAL CALIPER ACTION IN DISC BRAKE SPEED DEPENDENT DUAL CALIPER ACTION IN DISC BRAKE
SPEED DEPENDENT DUAL CALIPER ACTION IN DISC BRAKE IAEME Publication
 
Automatic Reverse Wheel Locking Mechanism
Automatic Reverse Wheel Locking MechanismAutomatic Reverse Wheel Locking Mechanism
Automatic Reverse Wheel Locking MechanismIRJET Journal
 
Wireless wheel alignment system
Wireless wheel alignment systemWireless wheel alignment system
Wireless wheel alignment systemOmer Mohammed
 
The Condition Monitoring of I.C. Engine using Acoustic Signal Analysis
The Condition Monitoring of I.C. Engine using Acoustic Signal AnalysisThe Condition Monitoring of I.C. Engine using Acoustic Signal Analysis
The Condition Monitoring of I.C. Engine using Acoustic Signal AnalysisIRJET Journal
 
The Condition Monitoring of I.C. Engine using Acoustic Signal Analysis
The Condition Monitoring of I.C. Engine using Acoustic Signal AnalysisThe Condition Monitoring of I.C. Engine using Acoustic Signal Analysis
The Condition Monitoring of I.C. Engine using Acoustic Signal AnalysisIRJET Journal
 
Design and Optimization of Steering System
Design and Optimization of Steering SystemDesign and Optimization of Steering System
Design and Optimization of Steering SystemIRJET Journal
 
IRJET- Study on Influence of Design Parameters of Drum’s Metal Rubber Isolati...
IRJET- Study on Influence of Design Parameters of Drum’s Metal Rubber Isolati...IRJET- Study on Influence of Design Parameters of Drum’s Metal Rubber Isolati...
IRJET- Study on Influence of Design Parameters of Drum’s Metal Rubber Isolati...IRJET Journal
 
Design and Analysis of an 8-Speed Gear box.
Design and Analysis of an 8-Speed Gear box.Design and Analysis of an 8-Speed Gear box.
Design and Analysis of an 8-Speed Gear box.IRJET Journal
 
Fairing flap drag reduction mechanism ffdrm
Fairing flap drag reduction mechanism ffdrmFairing flap drag reduction mechanism ffdrm
Fairing flap drag reduction mechanism ffdrmIAEME Publication
 

Ähnlich wie 30120130406022 (20)

Study and Analysis of Tire Changing Machine Components
Study and Analysis of Tire Changing Machine ComponentsStudy and Analysis of Tire Changing Machine Components
Study and Analysis of Tire Changing Machine Components
 
IRJET- Design and Analysis of Antilock Braking System with Fuzzy Controller f...
IRJET- Design and Analysis of Antilock Braking System with Fuzzy Controller f...IRJET- Design and Analysis of Antilock Braking System with Fuzzy Controller f...
IRJET- Design and Analysis of Antilock Braking System with Fuzzy Controller f...
 
IRJET- Fault Diagnosis by Noise Measurement in Single Stage Gearbox
IRJET-  	  Fault Diagnosis by Noise Measurement in Single Stage GearboxIRJET-  	  Fault Diagnosis by Noise Measurement in Single Stage Gearbox
IRJET- Fault Diagnosis by Noise Measurement in Single Stage Gearbox
 
IRJET- Design and Analysis of Chassis, Engine and Steering System of an ATV –...
IRJET- Design and Analysis of Chassis, Engine and Steering System of an ATV –...IRJET- Design and Analysis of Chassis, Engine and Steering System of an ATV –...
IRJET- Design and Analysis of Chassis, Engine and Steering System of an ATV –...
 
20120140506011
2012014050601120120140506011
20120140506011
 
Dynamic modeling and control of vehicle using fuzzy logic controller 2
Dynamic modeling and control of vehicle using fuzzy logic controller 2Dynamic modeling and control of vehicle using fuzzy logic controller 2
Dynamic modeling and control of vehicle using fuzzy logic controller 2
 
Root cause analysis of field failure concern for improvement
Root cause analysis of field failure concern for improvementRoot cause analysis of field failure concern for improvement
Root cause analysis of field failure concern for improvement
 
IRJET- Design and Analysis of Suspension System, Brakes and Wheel Assembl...
IRJET-  	  Design and Analysis of Suspension System, Brakes and Wheel Assembl...IRJET-  	  Design and Analysis of Suspension System, Brakes and Wheel Assembl...
IRJET- Design and Analysis of Suspension System, Brakes and Wheel Assembl...
 
Ijariie1167
Ijariie1167Ijariie1167
Ijariie1167
 
Estimation of Dynamic Behavior and Performance Characteristics of a Vehicle S...
Estimation of Dynamic Behavior and Performance Characteristics of a Vehicle S...Estimation of Dynamic Behavior and Performance Characteristics of a Vehicle S...
Estimation of Dynamic Behavior and Performance Characteristics of a Vehicle S...
 
Speed dependent dual caliper action in disc brake
Speed dependent dual caliper action in disc brakeSpeed dependent dual caliper action in disc brake
Speed dependent dual caliper action in disc brake
 
SPEED DEPENDENT DUAL CALIPER ACTION IN DISC BRAKE
SPEED DEPENDENT DUAL CALIPER ACTION IN DISC BRAKE SPEED DEPENDENT DUAL CALIPER ACTION IN DISC BRAKE
SPEED DEPENDENT DUAL CALIPER ACTION IN DISC BRAKE
 
Automatic Reverse Wheel Locking Mechanism
Automatic Reverse Wheel Locking MechanismAutomatic Reverse Wheel Locking Mechanism
Automatic Reverse Wheel Locking Mechanism
 
Wireless wheel alignment system
Wireless wheel alignment systemWireless wheel alignment system
Wireless wheel alignment system
 
The Condition Monitoring of I.C. Engine using Acoustic Signal Analysis
The Condition Monitoring of I.C. Engine using Acoustic Signal AnalysisThe Condition Monitoring of I.C. Engine using Acoustic Signal Analysis
The Condition Monitoring of I.C. Engine using Acoustic Signal Analysis
 
The Condition Monitoring of I.C. Engine using Acoustic Signal Analysis
The Condition Monitoring of I.C. Engine using Acoustic Signal AnalysisThe Condition Monitoring of I.C. Engine using Acoustic Signal Analysis
The Condition Monitoring of I.C. Engine using Acoustic Signal Analysis
 
Design and Optimization of Steering System
Design and Optimization of Steering SystemDesign and Optimization of Steering System
Design and Optimization of Steering System
 
IRJET- Study on Influence of Design Parameters of Drum’s Metal Rubber Isolati...
IRJET- Study on Influence of Design Parameters of Drum’s Metal Rubber Isolati...IRJET- Study on Influence of Design Parameters of Drum’s Metal Rubber Isolati...
IRJET- Study on Influence of Design Parameters of Drum’s Metal Rubber Isolati...
 
Design and Analysis of an 8-Speed Gear box.
Design and Analysis of an 8-Speed Gear box.Design and Analysis of an 8-Speed Gear box.
Design and Analysis of an 8-Speed Gear box.
 
Fairing flap drag reduction mechanism ffdrm
Fairing flap drag reduction mechanism ffdrmFairing flap drag reduction mechanism ffdrm
Fairing flap drag reduction mechanism ffdrm
 

Mehr von IAEME Publication

IAEME_Publication_Call_for_Paper_September_2022.pdf
IAEME_Publication_Call_for_Paper_September_2022.pdfIAEME_Publication_Call_for_Paper_September_2022.pdf
IAEME_Publication_Call_for_Paper_September_2022.pdfIAEME Publication
 
MODELING AND ANALYSIS OF SURFACE ROUGHNESS AND WHITE LATER THICKNESS IN WIRE-...
MODELING AND ANALYSIS OF SURFACE ROUGHNESS AND WHITE LATER THICKNESS IN WIRE-...MODELING AND ANALYSIS OF SURFACE ROUGHNESS AND WHITE LATER THICKNESS IN WIRE-...
MODELING AND ANALYSIS OF SURFACE ROUGHNESS AND WHITE LATER THICKNESS IN WIRE-...IAEME Publication
 
A STUDY ON THE REASONS FOR TRANSGENDER TO BECOME ENTREPRENEURS
A STUDY ON THE REASONS FOR TRANSGENDER TO BECOME ENTREPRENEURSA STUDY ON THE REASONS FOR TRANSGENDER TO BECOME ENTREPRENEURS
A STUDY ON THE REASONS FOR TRANSGENDER TO BECOME ENTREPRENEURSIAEME Publication
 
BROAD UNEXPOSED SKILLS OF TRANSGENDER ENTREPRENEURS
BROAD UNEXPOSED SKILLS OF TRANSGENDER ENTREPRENEURSBROAD UNEXPOSED SKILLS OF TRANSGENDER ENTREPRENEURS
BROAD UNEXPOSED SKILLS OF TRANSGENDER ENTREPRENEURSIAEME Publication
 
DETERMINANTS AFFECTING THE USER'S INTENTION TO USE MOBILE BANKING APPLICATIONS
DETERMINANTS AFFECTING THE USER'S INTENTION TO USE MOBILE BANKING APPLICATIONSDETERMINANTS AFFECTING THE USER'S INTENTION TO USE MOBILE BANKING APPLICATIONS
DETERMINANTS AFFECTING THE USER'S INTENTION TO USE MOBILE BANKING APPLICATIONSIAEME Publication
 
ANALYSE THE USER PREDILECTION ON GPAY AND PHONEPE FOR DIGITAL TRANSACTIONS
ANALYSE THE USER PREDILECTION ON GPAY AND PHONEPE FOR DIGITAL TRANSACTIONSANALYSE THE USER PREDILECTION ON GPAY AND PHONEPE FOR DIGITAL TRANSACTIONS
ANALYSE THE USER PREDILECTION ON GPAY AND PHONEPE FOR DIGITAL TRANSACTIONSIAEME Publication
 
VOICE BASED ATM FOR VISUALLY IMPAIRED USING ARDUINO
VOICE BASED ATM FOR VISUALLY IMPAIRED USING ARDUINOVOICE BASED ATM FOR VISUALLY IMPAIRED USING ARDUINO
VOICE BASED ATM FOR VISUALLY IMPAIRED USING ARDUINOIAEME Publication
 
IMPACT OF EMOTIONAL INTELLIGENCE ON HUMAN RESOURCE MANAGEMENT PRACTICES AMONG...
IMPACT OF EMOTIONAL INTELLIGENCE ON HUMAN RESOURCE MANAGEMENT PRACTICES AMONG...IMPACT OF EMOTIONAL INTELLIGENCE ON HUMAN RESOURCE MANAGEMENT PRACTICES AMONG...
IMPACT OF EMOTIONAL INTELLIGENCE ON HUMAN RESOURCE MANAGEMENT PRACTICES AMONG...IAEME Publication
 
VISUALISING AGING PARENTS & THEIR CLOSE CARERS LIFE JOURNEY IN AGING ECONOMY
VISUALISING AGING PARENTS & THEIR CLOSE CARERS LIFE JOURNEY IN AGING ECONOMYVISUALISING AGING PARENTS & THEIR CLOSE CARERS LIFE JOURNEY IN AGING ECONOMY
VISUALISING AGING PARENTS & THEIR CLOSE CARERS LIFE JOURNEY IN AGING ECONOMYIAEME Publication
 
A STUDY ON THE IMPACT OF ORGANIZATIONAL CULTURE ON THE EFFECTIVENESS OF PERFO...
A STUDY ON THE IMPACT OF ORGANIZATIONAL CULTURE ON THE EFFECTIVENESS OF PERFO...A STUDY ON THE IMPACT OF ORGANIZATIONAL CULTURE ON THE EFFECTIVENESS OF PERFO...
A STUDY ON THE IMPACT OF ORGANIZATIONAL CULTURE ON THE EFFECTIVENESS OF PERFO...IAEME Publication
 
GANDHI ON NON-VIOLENT POLICE
GANDHI ON NON-VIOLENT POLICEGANDHI ON NON-VIOLENT POLICE
GANDHI ON NON-VIOLENT POLICEIAEME Publication
 
A STUDY ON TALENT MANAGEMENT AND ITS IMPACT ON EMPLOYEE RETENTION IN SELECTED...
A STUDY ON TALENT MANAGEMENT AND ITS IMPACT ON EMPLOYEE RETENTION IN SELECTED...A STUDY ON TALENT MANAGEMENT AND ITS IMPACT ON EMPLOYEE RETENTION IN SELECTED...
A STUDY ON TALENT MANAGEMENT AND ITS IMPACT ON EMPLOYEE RETENTION IN SELECTED...IAEME Publication
 
ATTRITION IN THE IT INDUSTRY DURING COVID-19 PANDEMIC: LINKING EMOTIONAL INTE...
ATTRITION IN THE IT INDUSTRY DURING COVID-19 PANDEMIC: LINKING EMOTIONAL INTE...ATTRITION IN THE IT INDUSTRY DURING COVID-19 PANDEMIC: LINKING EMOTIONAL INTE...
ATTRITION IN THE IT INDUSTRY DURING COVID-19 PANDEMIC: LINKING EMOTIONAL INTE...IAEME Publication
 
INFLUENCE OF TALENT MANAGEMENT PRACTICES ON ORGANIZATIONAL PERFORMANCE A STUD...
INFLUENCE OF TALENT MANAGEMENT PRACTICES ON ORGANIZATIONAL PERFORMANCE A STUD...INFLUENCE OF TALENT MANAGEMENT PRACTICES ON ORGANIZATIONAL PERFORMANCE A STUD...
INFLUENCE OF TALENT MANAGEMENT PRACTICES ON ORGANIZATIONAL PERFORMANCE A STUD...IAEME Publication
 
A STUDY OF VARIOUS TYPES OF LOANS OF SELECTED PUBLIC AND PRIVATE SECTOR BANKS...
A STUDY OF VARIOUS TYPES OF LOANS OF SELECTED PUBLIC AND PRIVATE SECTOR BANKS...A STUDY OF VARIOUS TYPES OF LOANS OF SELECTED PUBLIC AND PRIVATE SECTOR BANKS...
A STUDY OF VARIOUS TYPES OF LOANS OF SELECTED PUBLIC AND PRIVATE SECTOR BANKS...IAEME Publication
 
EXPERIMENTAL STUDY OF MECHANICAL AND TRIBOLOGICAL RELATION OF NYLON/BaSO4 POL...
EXPERIMENTAL STUDY OF MECHANICAL AND TRIBOLOGICAL RELATION OF NYLON/BaSO4 POL...EXPERIMENTAL STUDY OF MECHANICAL AND TRIBOLOGICAL RELATION OF NYLON/BaSO4 POL...
EXPERIMENTAL STUDY OF MECHANICAL AND TRIBOLOGICAL RELATION OF NYLON/BaSO4 POL...IAEME Publication
 
ROLE OF SOCIAL ENTREPRENEURSHIP IN RURAL DEVELOPMENT OF INDIA - PROBLEMS AND ...
ROLE OF SOCIAL ENTREPRENEURSHIP IN RURAL DEVELOPMENT OF INDIA - PROBLEMS AND ...ROLE OF SOCIAL ENTREPRENEURSHIP IN RURAL DEVELOPMENT OF INDIA - PROBLEMS AND ...
ROLE OF SOCIAL ENTREPRENEURSHIP IN RURAL DEVELOPMENT OF INDIA - PROBLEMS AND ...IAEME Publication
 
OPTIMAL RECONFIGURATION OF POWER DISTRIBUTION RADIAL NETWORK USING HYBRID MET...
OPTIMAL RECONFIGURATION OF POWER DISTRIBUTION RADIAL NETWORK USING HYBRID MET...OPTIMAL RECONFIGURATION OF POWER DISTRIBUTION RADIAL NETWORK USING HYBRID MET...
OPTIMAL RECONFIGURATION OF POWER DISTRIBUTION RADIAL NETWORK USING HYBRID MET...IAEME Publication
 
APPLICATION OF FRUGAL APPROACH FOR PRODUCTIVITY IMPROVEMENT - A CASE STUDY OF...
APPLICATION OF FRUGAL APPROACH FOR PRODUCTIVITY IMPROVEMENT - A CASE STUDY OF...APPLICATION OF FRUGAL APPROACH FOR PRODUCTIVITY IMPROVEMENT - A CASE STUDY OF...
APPLICATION OF FRUGAL APPROACH FOR PRODUCTIVITY IMPROVEMENT - A CASE STUDY OF...IAEME Publication
 
A MULTIPLE – CHANNEL QUEUING MODELS ON FUZZY ENVIRONMENT
A MULTIPLE – CHANNEL QUEUING MODELS ON FUZZY ENVIRONMENTA MULTIPLE – CHANNEL QUEUING MODELS ON FUZZY ENVIRONMENT
A MULTIPLE – CHANNEL QUEUING MODELS ON FUZZY ENVIRONMENTIAEME Publication
 

Mehr von IAEME Publication (20)

IAEME_Publication_Call_for_Paper_September_2022.pdf
IAEME_Publication_Call_for_Paper_September_2022.pdfIAEME_Publication_Call_for_Paper_September_2022.pdf
IAEME_Publication_Call_for_Paper_September_2022.pdf
 
MODELING AND ANALYSIS OF SURFACE ROUGHNESS AND WHITE LATER THICKNESS IN WIRE-...
MODELING AND ANALYSIS OF SURFACE ROUGHNESS AND WHITE LATER THICKNESS IN WIRE-...MODELING AND ANALYSIS OF SURFACE ROUGHNESS AND WHITE LATER THICKNESS IN WIRE-...
MODELING AND ANALYSIS OF SURFACE ROUGHNESS AND WHITE LATER THICKNESS IN WIRE-...
 
A STUDY ON THE REASONS FOR TRANSGENDER TO BECOME ENTREPRENEURS
A STUDY ON THE REASONS FOR TRANSGENDER TO BECOME ENTREPRENEURSA STUDY ON THE REASONS FOR TRANSGENDER TO BECOME ENTREPRENEURS
A STUDY ON THE REASONS FOR TRANSGENDER TO BECOME ENTREPRENEURS
 
BROAD UNEXPOSED SKILLS OF TRANSGENDER ENTREPRENEURS
BROAD UNEXPOSED SKILLS OF TRANSGENDER ENTREPRENEURSBROAD UNEXPOSED SKILLS OF TRANSGENDER ENTREPRENEURS
BROAD UNEXPOSED SKILLS OF TRANSGENDER ENTREPRENEURS
 
DETERMINANTS AFFECTING THE USER'S INTENTION TO USE MOBILE BANKING APPLICATIONS
DETERMINANTS AFFECTING THE USER'S INTENTION TO USE MOBILE BANKING APPLICATIONSDETERMINANTS AFFECTING THE USER'S INTENTION TO USE MOBILE BANKING APPLICATIONS
DETERMINANTS AFFECTING THE USER'S INTENTION TO USE MOBILE BANKING APPLICATIONS
 
ANALYSE THE USER PREDILECTION ON GPAY AND PHONEPE FOR DIGITAL TRANSACTIONS
ANALYSE THE USER PREDILECTION ON GPAY AND PHONEPE FOR DIGITAL TRANSACTIONSANALYSE THE USER PREDILECTION ON GPAY AND PHONEPE FOR DIGITAL TRANSACTIONS
ANALYSE THE USER PREDILECTION ON GPAY AND PHONEPE FOR DIGITAL TRANSACTIONS
 
VOICE BASED ATM FOR VISUALLY IMPAIRED USING ARDUINO
VOICE BASED ATM FOR VISUALLY IMPAIRED USING ARDUINOVOICE BASED ATM FOR VISUALLY IMPAIRED USING ARDUINO
VOICE BASED ATM FOR VISUALLY IMPAIRED USING ARDUINO
 
IMPACT OF EMOTIONAL INTELLIGENCE ON HUMAN RESOURCE MANAGEMENT PRACTICES AMONG...
IMPACT OF EMOTIONAL INTELLIGENCE ON HUMAN RESOURCE MANAGEMENT PRACTICES AMONG...IMPACT OF EMOTIONAL INTELLIGENCE ON HUMAN RESOURCE MANAGEMENT PRACTICES AMONG...
IMPACT OF EMOTIONAL INTELLIGENCE ON HUMAN RESOURCE MANAGEMENT PRACTICES AMONG...
 
VISUALISING AGING PARENTS & THEIR CLOSE CARERS LIFE JOURNEY IN AGING ECONOMY
VISUALISING AGING PARENTS & THEIR CLOSE CARERS LIFE JOURNEY IN AGING ECONOMYVISUALISING AGING PARENTS & THEIR CLOSE CARERS LIFE JOURNEY IN AGING ECONOMY
VISUALISING AGING PARENTS & THEIR CLOSE CARERS LIFE JOURNEY IN AGING ECONOMY
 
A STUDY ON THE IMPACT OF ORGANIZATIONAL CULTURE ON THE EFFECTIVENESS OF PERFO...
A STUDY ON THE IMPACT OF ORGANIZATIONAL CULTURE ON THE EFFECTIVENESS OF PERFO...A STUDY ON THE IMPACT OF ORGANIZATIONAL CULTURE ON THE EFFECTIVENESS OF PERFO...
A STUDY ON THE IMPACT OF ORGANIZATIONAL CULTURE ON THE EFFECTIVENESS OF PERFO...
 
GANDHI ON NON-VIOLENT POLICE
GANDHI ON NON-VIOLENT POLICEGANDHI ON NON-VIOLENT POLICE
GANDHI ON NON-VIOLENT POLICE
 
A STUDY ON TALENT MANAGEMENT AND ITS IMPACT ON EMPLOYEE RETENTION IN SELECTED...
A STUDY ON TALENT MANAGEMENT AND ITS IMPACT ON EMPLOYEE RETENTION IN SELECTED...A STUDY ON TALENT MANAGEMENT AND ITS IMPACT ON EMPLOYEE RETENTION IN SELECTED...
A STUDY ON TALENT MANAGEMENT AND ITS IMPACT ON EMPLOYEE RETENTION IN SELECTED...
 
ATTRITION IN THE IT INDUSTRY DURING COVID-19 PANDEMIC: LINKING EMOTIONAL INTE...
ATTRITION IN THE IT INDUSTRY DURING COVID-19 PANDEMIC: LINKING EMOTIONAL INTE...ATTRITION IN THE IT INDUSTRY DURING COVID-19 PANDEMIC: LINKING EMOTIONAL INTE...
ATTRITION IN THE IT INDUSTRY DURING COVID-19 PANDEMIC: LINKING EMOTIONAL INTE...
 
INFLUENCE OF TALENT MANAGEMENT PRACTICES ON ORGANIZATIONAL PERFORMANCE A STUD...
INFLUENCE OF TALENT MANAGEMENT PRACTICES ON ORGANIZATIONAL PERFORMANCE A STUD...INFLUENCE OF TALENT MANAGEMENT PRACTICES ON ORGANIZATIONAL PERFORMANCE A STUD...
INFLUENCE OF TALENT MANAGEMENT PRACTICES ON ORGANIZATIONAL PERFORMANCE A STUD...
 
A STUDY OF VARIOUS TYPES OF LOANS OF SELECTED PUBLIC AND PRIVATE SECTOR BANKS...
A STUDY OF VARIOUS TYPES OF LOANS OF SELECTED PUBLIC AND PRIVATE SECTOR BANKS...A STUDY OF VARIOUS TYPES OF LOANS OF SELECTED PUBLIC AND PRIVATE SECTOR BANKS...
A STUDY OF VARIOUS TYPES OF LOANS OF SELECTED PUBLIC AND PRIVATE SECTOR BANKS...
 
EXPERIMENTAL STUDY OF MECHANICAL AND TRIBOLOGICAL RELATION OF NYLON/BaSO4 POL...
EXPERIMENTAL STUDY OF MECHANICAL AND TRIBOLOGICAL RELATION OF NYLON/BaSO4 POL...EXPERIMENTAL STUDY OF MECHANICAL AND TRIBOLOGICAL RELATION OF NYLON/BaSO4 POL...
EXPERIMENTAL STUDY OF MECHANICAL AND TRIBOLOGICAL RELATION OF NYLON/BaSO4 POL...
 
ROLE OF SOCIAL ENTREPRENEURSHIP IN RURAL DEVELOPMENT OF INDIA - PROBLEMS AND ...
ROLE OF SOCIAL ENTREPRENEURSHIP IN RURAL DEVELOPMENT OF INDIA - PROBLEMS AND ...ROLE OF SOCIAL ENTREPRENEURSHIP IN RURAL DEVELOPMENT OF INDIA - PROBLEMS AND ...
ROLE OF SOCIAL ENTREPRENEURSHIP IN RURAL DEVELOPMENT OF INDIA - PROBLEMS AND ...
 
OPTIMAL RECONFIGURATION OF POWER DISTRIBUTION RADIAL NETWORK USING HYBRID MET...
OPTIMAL RECONFIGURATION OF POWER DISTRIBUTION RADIAL NETWORK USING HYBRID MET...OPTIMAL RECONFIGURATION OF POWER DISTRIBUTION RADIAL NETWORK USING HYBRID MET...
OPTIMAL RECONFIGURATION OF POWER DISTRIBUTION RADIAL NETWORK USING HYBRID MET...
 
APPLICATION OF FRUGAL APPROACH FOR PRODUCTIVITY IMPROVEMENT - A CASE STUDY OF...
APPLICATION OF FRUGAL APPROACH FOR PRODUCTIVITY IMPROVEMENT - A CASE STUDY OF...APPLICATION OF FRUGAL APPROACH FOR PRODUCTIVITY IMPROVEMENT - A CASE STUDY OF...
APPLICATION OF FRUGAL APPROACH FOR PRODUCTIVITY IMPROVEMENT - A CASE STUDY OF...
 
A MULTIPLE – CHANNEL QUEUING MODELS ON FUZZY ENVIRONMENT
A MULTIPLE – CHANNEL QUEUING MODELS ON FUZZY ENVIRONMENTA MULTIPLE – CHANNEL QUEUING MODELS ON FUZZY ENVIRONMENT
A MULTIPLE – CHANNEL QUEUING MODELS ON FUZZY ENVIRONMENT
 

Kürzlich hochgeladen

Secure your environment with UiPath and CyberArk technologies - Session 1
Secure your environment with UiPath and CyberArk technologies - Session 1Secure your environment with UiPath and CyberArk technologies - Session 1
Secure your environment with UiPath and CyberArk technologies - Session 1DianaGray10
 
VoIP Service and Marketing using Odoo and Asterisk PBX
VoIP Service and Marketing using Odoo and Asterisk PBXVoIP Service and Marketing using Odoo and Asterisk PBX
VoIP Service and Marketing using Odoo and Asterisk PBXTarek Kalaji
 
Artificial Intelligence & SEO Trends for 2024
Artificial Intelligence & SEO Trends for 2024Artificial Intelligence & SEO Trends for 2024
Artificial Intelligence & SEO Trends for 2024D Cloud Solutions
 
UiPath Platform: The Backend Engine Powering Your Automation - Session 1
UiPath Platform: The Backend Engine Powering Your Automation - Session 1UiPath Platform: The Backend Engine Powering Your Automation - Session 1
UiPath Platform: The Backend Engine Powering Your Automation - Session 1DianaGray10
 
20230202 - Introduction to tis-py
20230202 - Introduction to tis-py20230202 - Introduction to tis-py
20230202 - Introduction to tis-pyJamie (Taka) Wang
 
OpenShift Commons Paris - Choose Your Own Observability Adventure
OpenShift Commons Paris - Choose Your Own Observability AdventureOpenShift Commons Paris - Choose Your Own Observability Adventure
OpenShift Commons Paris - Choose Your Own Observability AdventureEric D. Schabell
 
Basic Building Blocks of Internet of Things.
Basic Building Blocks of Internet of Things.Basic Building Blocks of Internet of Things.
Basic Building Blocks of Internet of Things.YounusS2
 
KubeConEU24-Monitoring Kubernetes and Cloud Spend with OpenCost
KubeConEU24-Monitoring Kubernetes and Cloud Spend with OpenCostKubeConEU24-Monitoring Kubernetes and Cloud Spend with OpenCost
KubeConEU24-Monitoring Kubernetes and Cloud Spend with OpenCostMatt Ray
 
COMPUTER 10: Lesson 7 - File Storage and Online Collaboration
COMPUTER 10: Lesson 7 - File Storage and Online CollaborationCOMPUTER 10: Lesson 7 - File Storage and Online Collaboration
COMPUTER 10: Lesson 7 - File Storage and Online Collaborationbruanjhuli
 
Apres-Cyber - The Data Dilemma: Bridging Offensive Operations and Machine Lea...
Apres-Cyber - The Data Dilemma: Bridging Offensive Operations and Machine Lea...Apres-Cyber - The Data Dilemma: Bridging Offensive Operations and Machine Lea...
Apres-Cyber - The Data Dilemma: Bridging Offensive Operations and Machine Lea...Will Schroeder
 
Introduction to Matsuo Laboratory (ENG).pptx
Introduction to Matsuo Laboratory (ENG).pptxIntroduction to Matsuo Laboratory (ENG).pptx
Introduction to Matsuo Laboratory (ENG).pptxMatsuo Lab
 
UiPath Solutions Management Preview - Northern CA Chapter - March 22.pdf
UiPath Solutions Management Preview - Northern CA Chapter - March 22.pdfUiPath Solutions Management Preview - Northern CA Chapter - March 22.pdf
UiPath Solutions Management Preview - Northern CA Chapter - March 22.pdfDianaGray10
 
COMPUTER 10 Lesson 8 - Building a Website
COMPUTER 10 Lesson 8 - Building a WebsiteCOMPUTER 10 Lesson 8 - Building a Website
COMPUTER 10 Lesson 8 - Building a Websitedgelyza
 
Meet the new FSP 3000 M-Flex800™
Meet the new FSP 3000 M-Flex800™Meet the new FSP 3000 M-Flex800™
Meet the new FSP 3000 M-Flex800™Adtran
 
Designing A Time bound resource download URL
Designing A Time bound resource download URLDesigning A Time bound resource download URL
Designing A Time bound resource download URLRuncy Oommen
 
The Data Metaverse: Unpacking the Roles, Use Cases, and Tech Trends in Data a...
The Data Metaverse: Unpacking the Roles, Use Cases, and Tech Trends in Data a...The Data Metaverse: Unpacking the Roles, Use Cases, and Tech Trends in Data a...
The Data Metaverse: Unpacking the Roles, Use Cases, and Tech Trends in Data a...Aggregage
 
Comparing Sidecar-less Service Mesh from Cilium and Istio
Comparing Sidecar-less Service Mesh from Cilium and IstioComparing Sidecar-less Service Mesh from Cilium and Istio
Comparing Sidecar-less Service Mesh from Cilium and IstioChristian Posta
 
NIST Cybersecurity Framework (CSF) 2.0 Workshop
NIST Cybersecurity Framework (CSF) 2.0 WorkshopNIST Cybersecurity Framework (CSF) 2.0 Workshop
NIST Cybersecurity Framework (CSF) 2.0 WorkshopBachir Benyammi
 

Kürzlich hochgeladen (20)

Secure your environment with UiPath and CyberArk technologies - Session 1
Secure your environment with UiPath and CyberArk technologies - Session 1Secure your environment with UiPath and CyberArk technologies - Session 1
Secure your environment with UiPath and CyberArk technologies - Session 1
 
VoIP Service and Marketing using Odoo and Asterisk PBX
VoIP Service and Marketing using Odoo and Asterisk PBXVoIP Service and Marketing using Odoo and Asterisk PBX
VoIP Service and Marketing using Odoo and Asterisk PBX
 
Artificial Intelligence & SEO Trends for 2024
Artificial Intelligence & SEO Trends for 2024Artificial Intelligence & SEO Trends for 2024
Artificial Intelligence & SEO Trends for 2024
 
UiPath Platform: The Backend Engine Powering Your Automation - Session 1
UiPath Platform: The Backend Engine Powering Your Automation - Session 1UiPath Platform: The Backend Engine Powering Your Automation - Session 1
UiPath Platform: The Backend Engine Powering Your Automation - Session 1
 
20230202 - Introduction to tis-py
20230202 - Introduction to tis-py20230202 - Introduction to tis-py
20230202 - Introduction to tis-py
 
OpenShift Commons Paris - Choose Your Own Observability Adventure
OpenShift Commons Paris - Choose Your Own Observability AdventureOpenShift Commons Paris - Choose Your Own Observability Adventure
OpenShift Commons Paris - Choose Your Own Observability Adventure
 
Basic Building Blocks of Internet of Things.
Basic Building Blocks of Internet of Things.Basic Building Blocks of Internet of Things.
Basic Building Blocks of Internet of Things.
 
KubeConEU24-Monitoring Kubernetes and Cloud Spend with OpenCost
KubeConEU24-Monitoring Kubernetes and Cloud Spend with OpenCostKubeConEU24-Monitoring Kubernetes and Cloud Spend with OpenCost
KubeConEU24-Monitoring Kubernetes and Cloud Spend with OpenCost
 
COMPUTER 10: Lesson 7 - File Storage and Online Collaboration
COMPUTER 10: Lesson 7 - File Storage and Online CollaborationCOMPUTER 10: Lesson 7 - File Storage and Online Collaboration
COMPUTER 10: Lesson 7 - File Storage and Online Collaboration
 
20150722 - AGV
20150722 - AGV20150722 - AGV
20150722 - AGV
 
Apres-Cyber - The Data Dilemma: Bridging Offensive Operations and Machine Lea...
Apres-Cyber - The Data Dilemma: Bridging Offensive Operations and Machine Lea...Apres-Cyber - The Data Dilemma: Bridging Offensive Operations and Machine Lea...
Apres-Cyber - The Data Dilemma: Bridging Offensive Operations and Machine Lea...
 
Introduction to Matsuo Laboratory (ENG).pptx
Introduction to Matsuo Laboratory (ENG).pptxIntroduction to Matsuo Laboratory (ENG).pptx
Introduction to Matsuo Laboratory (ENG).pptx
 
UiPath Solutions Management Preview - Northern CA Chapter - March 22.pdf
UiPath Solutions Management Preview - Northern CA Chapter - March 22.pdfUiPath Solutions Management Preview - Northern CA Chapter - March 22.pdf
UiPath Solutions Management Preview - Northern CA Chapter - March 22.pdf
 
COMPUTER 10 Lesson 8 - Building a Website
COMPUTER 10 Lesson 8 - Building a WebsiteCOMPUTER 10 Lesson 8 - Building a Website
COMPUTER 10 Lesson 8 - Building a Website
 
Meet the new FSP 3000 M-Flex800™
Meet the new FSP 3000 M-Flex800™Meet the new FSP 3000 M-Flex800™
Meet the new FSP 3000 M-Flex800™
 
Designing A Time bound resource download URL
Designing A Time bound resource download URLDesigning A Time bound resource download URL
Designing A Time bound resource download URL
 
20230104 - machine vision
20230104 - machine vision20230104 - machine vision
20230104 - machine vision
 
The Data Metaverse: Unpacking the Roles, Use Cases, and Tech Trends in Data a...
The Data Metaverse: Unpacking the Roles, Use Cases, and Tech Trends in Data a...The Data Metaverse: Unpacking the Roles, Use Cases, and Tech Trends in Data a...
The Data Metaverse: Unpacking the Roles, Use Cases, and Tech Trends in Data a...
 
Comparing Sidecar-less Service Mesh from Cilium and Istio
Comparing Sidecar-less Service Mesh from Cilium and IstioComparing Sidecar-less Service Mesh from Cilium and Istio
Comparing Sidecar-less Service Mesh from Cilium and Istio
 
NIST Cybersecurity Framework (CSF) 2.0 Workshop
NIST Cybersecurity Framework (CSF) 2.0 WorkshopNIST Cybersecurity Framework (CSF) 2.0 Workshop
NIST Cybersecurity Framework (CSF) 2.0 Workshop
 

30120130406022

  • 1. International Journal of Mechanical Engineering and Technology (IJMET), ISSN 0976 – INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING 6340(Print), ISSN 0976 – 6359(Online) Volume 4, Issue 6, November - December (2013) © IAEME AND TECHNOLOGY (IJMET) ISSN 0976 – 6340 (Print) ISSN 0976 – 6359 (Online) Volume 4, Issue 6, November - December (2013), pp. 214-222 © IAEME: www.iaeme.com/ijmet.asp Journal Impact Factor (2013): 5.7731 (Calculated by GISI) www.jifactor.com IJMET ©IAEME APPLICATION OF DIAGNOSTIC METHODS FOR THE REAR DRIVE AXLE OF THE PASSENGER CARS Ylber SHABANI1, Shaqir ELEZAJ2, Naser LAJQI1, Shpetim LAJQI1* University of Prishtina, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Department of Construction and Design, Sunny Hill n.n., 10 000, Prishtina, Kosova ABSTRACT This paper introduces developing of the methods for diagnostic of the rear drive axle for the passenger cars without its demounting. Are used subjective and objective diagnostic methods. Localizing of the noise of subjective methods is done through the stethoscope and other devices for hearing the noise, while the objective methods of diagnosing the rear drive axle is done with diagnostic vibrometer device. By application of these diagnostic methods greatly would be contributed in quickly localization of the rear drive axle fault where diagnostic process of the servicer will done fastener. Keywords: Diagnostic, Rear Drive Axle, Vibration, Objective and Subjective Methods. 1. INTRODUCTION Determining of the vehicle condition is one of the key elements during process of vehicle maintenance. Therefore it is necessary to monitor continuously changing situation of the specific parameters which over the time lead to the weakening of the vehicle components. If not intervene in the time, then comes up fault respectively stopping of the vehicle work. In the paper, is treated diagnostics methodology for the rear drive axle, through objective and subjective methods? The technical diagnostic, as a part of the maintenance process determined by the condition, should be certify the technical condition of the component part of the system with a certain precision and the right moment of the time [1]. The technical diagnostics of vehicles is a new field and quite spread and uses objective diagnostic method. Through the technical diagnostics will do: 214
  • 2. International Journal of Mechanical Engineering and Technology (IJMET), ISSN 0976 – 6340(Print), ISSN 0976 – 6359(Online) Volume 4, Issue 6, November - December (2013) © IAEME • • • • Confirmation of the regularity of the technical condition of the rear drive axle, Confirmation of the working condition of the rear drive axle, Confirmation of functionality, and Research of failures (location, type and cause of failure). The moment of the appearance fault in rear drive axle manifests with symptoms, such as: vibration, noise, shot, temperature, leak oil, etc. The causes of vibrations and noises should be required from damages of differential gears or bearings. Measurement of the vibrations in the rear drive axle of a Mercedes Benz 190 D is achieved by vibrometer MANUAL PCE-VT 3000. The obtained values from vibration are compared with the ISO 2372 norms for vibration [2]. Despite the progress of developing modern diagnostic tools, subjective methods are used, which are based on the experience of experts who deals with this problem. This method used diagnostic flowchart (algorithm) while as an equipment is used stethoscope. 2. SUBJECTIVE DIAGNOSIS OF THE REAR DRIVE AXLE During the diagnosis firstly should be verified and documented drivers concern, through answers to the following questions: • • • • • When noticing the problem for the first time, Did something unusual happens that would coincide with it or preceded, Did its appear suddenly or gradually, Are any condition affecting the concern such as: road speed, kind of road , the way of driving, temperature, load or unload condition, Condition change has continuous character or interruptions. After completed the preliminary investigation (found answers in previous questions), continue with road vehicle testing in order to found caused problem. The road test is necessary for any drive concern about noise or vibration, because vibration and noise are beginner symptoms of fault for the rear drive axle. The rear axle and driveline concern symptoms are also same as the vehicle engines, transmission, rear wheel bearings, and tires. For this reason should be concluded that the symptoms comes from the rear drive axle before repairing or installing any part in rear drive axle [1]. During testing of the vehicle on the road, registered concerns that occur must be written to which speed [km/h], or the number of engine rotations [rpm] appear noise and vibration. Therefore, diagnosis specialist should have full knowledge about the functioning of the power transmission system to detect any errors [1]. If after completion of the test vehicle on a part of road could be appear symptom in the rear drive axle (ring and pinion gears or differential case), should be made a visual inspection of the rear drive axle: • • Check if have signs of oil leakage on the case of rear drive axle, and Cracking and other damages. If during the visual inspection shows no leakage and cracking, then remove bolts for draining oil from the differential and control [3]: 215
  • 3. International Journal of Mechanical Engineering and Technology (IJMET), ISSN 0976 – 6340(Print), ISSN 0976 – 6359(Online) Volume 4, Issue 6, November - December (2013) © IAEME • • • • The amount of oil in the differential, The presence of any foreign metal particles, Particulate metal parts from wear of the differential, and The presence of burned oil (odor). If during the inspection will detect the presence of metal particles, before the vehicle is repaired would be used the subjective diagnostics method for rear drive axle. To identify the possibility cause, used symptoms and control procedures is introduced in Table 1. Then should be used corrective action to repair parts of the vehicle. Symptoms or manifestations of irregular work of the rear drive axle are developed with flowchart shown in Fig 1, [4] and [5]. Table 1: Symptoms and control procedure [4] and [5] Symptoms Control Procedure Noise during wheel rotation 1 Constant noise 2 Gears noise during driving 3 Gears noise during driving of the vehicle in coasting road 4 Bearing noise during driving of the vehicle in coasting 5 Noise appeared during driving of the vehicle in curves road 6 Temperature in differential 7 Oil leak from rear drive axle 8 Differential 216
  • 4. International Journal of Mechanical Engineering and Technology (IJMET), ISSN 0976 – 6340(Print), ISSN 0976 – 6359(Online) Volume 4, Issue 6, November - December (2013) © IAEME STAR Rear drive axle symptoms Noise during wheel rotation A 1 Bearing noise during coasting 5 2 Noise during curves road 6 Gears noise during driving 3 Temperature in differential 7 Gears noise during coasting road 4 Oil leak from rear drive axle 8 Constant noise A STOP Figure 1: Flowchart by symptoms of the irregular work on the rear drive axle In the Figure 2 is presented flowchart for noise during rotation of the vehicle wheels (control procedure 1 of Table 1 and Figure 1), while in literature [4] are submitted all of other flowchart data for 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, and 8. 217
  • 5. International Journal of Mechanical Engineering and Technology (IJMET), ISSN 0976 – 6340(Print), ISSN 0976 – 6359(Online) Volume 4, Issue 6, November - December (2013) © IAEME 1 The wheel bearings damage or wear? Remove and install new half shaft Remove and install new wheel bearings Half shafts are inclined Road testing END Road testing Wear of hose bearing half shaft END Repair hose of bearing half shaft Are eliminated noise Road testing Procedure is completed END END Figure 2: Flowchart of noise during wheel rotation 3. TECHNICAL DIAGNOSIS OF THE REAR DRIVE AXLE FOR THE PASSENGER CAR MERCEDES 190 The preparation of the passenger car Mercedes 190 D to measure vibrations velocity, vibrations displacement and vibrations acceleration of the rear drive axle is presented in Figure 3. The vehicle is raised from the ground by the crane and placed into two supports on both sides in order during rotation of the wheels do not come into contact with the surface of the earth. The measurements were made in the fourth gear of gearbox transmission (direct transmission ratio). In this case the vehicle speed reaches 100 [kmh-1], which corresponds to the number of engine rotation, respectively the input rotation of differential is 3000 rpm. 218
  • 6. International Journal of Mechanical Engineering and Technology (IJMET), ISSN 0976 – 6340(Print), ISSN 0976 – 6359(Online) Volume 4, Issue 6, November - December (2013) © IAEME Measurements of vibrations in the rear drive axle of the passenger car Mercedes 190 D are made with vibrometer MANUAL PCE-VT 3000. After the measurement is proved that the vibrating velocity are in limits norms for vibrations which are introduced by ISO 2372 standard. The ISO 2372 serves with monitoring of the vibrations. Figure 3: Preparing of the vehicle for measurement of the vibrations in the rear drive axle of the passenger vehicle Mercedes 190 D [4] 4. MEASUREMENTS RESULTS FOR REAR DRIVE AXLE OF THE PASSENGER CAR MERCEDES 190 Measurements of the vibration are done in five specific points, which are presented in Figure 4. Measuring sensor has needle shape which is used for measurements in 3 and 4 point, while the measuring sensor with electromagnet is used in other measurement points. Figure 4: Measurement points in the rear drive axle: 1 - Differential housing, 2 – Bearing of the pinion gear, 3 – Right carrier bearing, 4 - Left carrier bearings, 5 - Back part of the rear drive axle [4] In Figures 5, 6 and 7, are shown the measured values of the vibration velocity, vibration displacement, and vibration acceleration in rear drive axle for passenger car Mercedes 190 D, when the input rotation of the differential is 3000 rpm. 219
  • 7. Vibration velocity, [cm/s] International Journal of Mechanical Engineering and Technology (IJMET), ISSN 0976 – 6340(Print), ISSN 0976 – 6359(Online) Volume 4, Issue 6, November - December (2013) © IAEME 0.0075 0.006 0.0045 0.003 0.0015 0 1 2 3 4 5 Measuring points Figure 4: Graphic presentation of the vibration velocities in measuring points [4] Vibration displacement, [mm] 0.015 0.012 0.009 0.006 0.003 0 1 2 3 4 5 Measuring points Figure 5: Graphic presentation of the vibration displacements in measuring points [4] Vibration acceleration, [m/s2] 0.350 0.280 0.210 0.140 0.070 0.000 1 2 3 4 5 Measuring points Figure 6: Graphic presentation of the vibration acceleration in measuring points [4] 220
  • 8. International Journal of Mechanical Engineering and Technology (IJMET), ISSN 0976 – 6340(Print), ISSN 0976 – 6359(Online) Volume 4, Issue 6, November - December (2013) © IAEME Figure 7: Vibration measuring values for the vibration acceleration, vibration velocity and vibration displacement shown in measuring vibrometer display (MANUAL PCE-VT 3000) [4] Vibration measuring values of the acceleration, velocity and displacement are compared with normative norm according ISO 2372 (10816) for vibration, Table 2. Table 2: Maximal allowed values of the vibration velocity according ISO 2372 standard [2] Type of machine Vibration velocity Class I Class II Class III Class IV vmax [mm/s] Pe < 15 [kW] 15 [kW] <Pe<75 [kW] Pe >75 kW 0.00 ÷ 0.28 0.28 ÷ 0.45 0.45 ÷ 0.71 0.71 ÷ 1.12 1.12 ÷ 1.80 1.80 ÷ 2.80 2.80 ÷ 4.50 4.50 ÷ 7.10 7.10 ÷ 11.20 11.20 ÷ 18.00 18.00 ÷ 28.00 28.00 ÷ 45.00 • 45.00 A A A A B B C B C B C C D D D D Note: Area A - Good condition of machine, Area B – Operation of machine is satisfactory, Area C - Operation of machine is unsatisfactory, and Area D – Operation of machine is unacceptable (to repair). In Figure 8 is shown condition of component of the rear drive axle after measuring of vibration (after disassembling). 221
  • 9. International Journal of Mechanical Engineering and Technology (IJMET), ISSN 0976 – 6340(Print), ISSN 0976 – 6359(Online) Volume 4, Issue 6, November - December (2013) © IAEME Figure 8: Condition of component of rear drive axle after disassembling [4] : After measuring, the rear drive axle is disassembled and its components are observed carefully, where components are in good condition (haven’t shown any damage). ( 7. CONCLUSION The presented paper introduces two diagnosing methods for rear drive axle of the passenger cars, by using subjective and objective diagnosis methods. , By subjective diagnosing method is achieved through symptoms to determine fault and what corrective action should be taken to repair components of the rear drive axle, introduced by n developed flowchart diagram. In the technical diagnostic are made vibration measurements of the vibration velocity, vibration displacement and vibration acceleration by vibrometer device MANUAL PCE PCE-VT 3000, when the vehicle speed is simulated to be 100 [km/h], which corresponds with input rotation of [km/h] differential 3000 [rpm]. Obtained results for the vibration velocity, vibration displacement, and vibration acceleration measuring for five points in the rear drive axle are: • • • In Area A - good driving condition (according to ISO), Greater values of vibration velocity are appeared in the bearing carriers, (points 3 and 4 of measurement), points measurement) Vibration velocity and acceleration have similar behavior compared with vibration displacement. The obtained results are suitable because after disassembling, the condition of the component of the rear drive axle are good (don’t shown any damage) after measuring. 8. LITERATURE [1] [2] [3] [4] [5] T. Gilles, Automotive Service: Inspection.: Inspection, Maintenance, Repair, USA, 2011. Machine Condition Monitoring and Fault Diagnostics, Chris K Mechefske, 2010. Diagnostics, Rear Drive Axle/Differential — Ford 7.5-Inch Ring Gear, Manual, 2007. Y. Shabani, Application of diagnostic methods for passenger vehicles differential Mercedes ion 190 D, master thesis, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, University of Prishtina, Prishtinë 2013. N. Lajqi, Diagnostifikimi i Automjeteve, Prishtinë, 2008. , 222