Sam Samuel - Are we stuck in a Rut? The need for agressive research goals

Are we stuck in a Rut? The need for aggressive research goals Sam Samuel iMinds 2010 – Bell Labs

Are we stuck in a rut? How often do you see proposals for engineering research projects that say: “ We aim to improve/reduce X by 50%”

[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Huge opportunity to reinvent scalable networks that maximize energy-efficiency while reducing total-cost-of-ownership Sustainable Network Growth & Low Carbon Economy 2007: ICT contributes 2% to global GHG Enabling a Low Carbon Economy 2020: ICT can offset 5X its own carbon footprint E-Health Smart Buildings Smart Transportation Smart Communities Smart Grids

Bell Labs Traffic Projections for North America Data from : RHK, McKinsey-JPMorgan, AT&T, MINTS, Arbor, ALU, and Bell Labs Analysis : Linear regression on log(traffic growth rate) versus log(time) with Bayesian learning to compute uncertainty Energy Consumption Driven by Exponential Traffic Growth ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Wireless Data Total Backbone Internet Video Wireless Voice P2P

Slowdown in Technology ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],What do these slowdowns imply for energy efficiency of the entire network?

Computing Network Energy Efficiency Trends: Start With Network Model Traffic transaction Can compute energy required to deliver any kind of traffic transaction on network Enterprise Fixed Access Access Switch Agg’n Switch Core Sw Firewall/ WAN Metro/Edge Network & VDN Metro Router Metro Router Ethernet Switch ROADM ROADM ROADM ROADM Ethernet Switch Ethernet Switch ROADM OTN Core Router Core Router Core Router Core Router Core Network ROADM ROADM OTN OTN OTN OTN ROADM ROADM IMS Telephony & Apps Core Integrated IMS MGC MGW Residential Fixed Access OLT OLT ONU DSLAM+ONU SPLT DSLAM ADSL+GWY VDSL+GWY Wireless Access & Core eNB (LTE) NodeB Data Data Voice Femto Fixed Access Back-Haul Secur. GW Back-Haul RNC S-GW SGSN GGSN P-GW NodeB CDMA MMC Pkt Sw Data OMP OMC MME

Wireline-Network Energy Consumption Lower Bound ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Framed question : What is minimum energy required to uniquely connect N users over long haul distances?

Estimating Lower Energy Bounds for Wireline Networks ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Comparing above to P2P transaction today, ~10W, we get the result that networks can be 10 8 more energy-efficient than today E sw E sw E sw E term E term f(L tr )E trans f’(L sw )E trsw f(L tr ) E trans f(L tr ) E trans Amplifier Amplifier f(L tr ) Amplifier E noise = N A hv E trans E noise = Ghv G G G f(L tr ) E rec

Energy Consumption in Wireless Access Inherently more inefficient than wireline 10x (Typical macro BST: 10% of consumed power transmitted as RF Power) 10 17 x (Huge difference between transmitted power and minimal required receive power) ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Analysis of Wireless Link Energy Efficiency Illustration Through Macro Cell of Radius 500m ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Shannon Limit R x ~ 10 -12 nJ/bit (Received energy per bit for single link in limit of zero spectral efficiency) Tx 10 0 nJ/bit Tx 10 2 nJ/bit Grid Power 10 6 nJ/bit Ideal Small Cells Radius ~ 50 m Ideal Macro Cells Radius ~ 500 m Simulation Result Opportunity ~10 4 path losses Opportunity ~10 MIMO ~10 Ant. Gain & Improved Rx Opportunity ~10 2 High BW T x = RF transmit pwr R x = RF receive pwr T x 10 -4 nJ/bit Tx 10 -2 nJ/bit Opportunity ~10 MIMO ~10 Ant. Gain & Improved Rx Residual Losses ~10 8 Tx 10 5 nJ/bit Actual Macro Cells Radius ~ 500 m Opportunity ~10 Efficient PAs, low power electronics, passive cooling, etc. Other ~ 10 margin for QoS, overheads, nonidealities, etc. Shannon Limit ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Innovating Ultra Low-Energy Networks is Super-Hard: Requires Global Consortium, Therefore ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Macro Base Station Small Base Stations

Approach ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],: Ambitious Goal of 1000x Circuit Design Network Architectures Advanced Coding Protocols Transport

GreenTouch 5 year Goal: Element efficiency demonstration targets for 2015 Overall network efficiency target in 2020 (Mbps/W) 50X 10X 100X 400X Network efficiency depends upon network architecture and technology, which depends upon services, applications, and traffic Path to 1000x Not Unique: Innovations Beyond Business as Usual

: Path to 1000x ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Approaches to GreenRadio Network Architecture ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],RN eNB

Summary ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Sam Samuel - Are we stuck in a Rut? The need for agressive research goals

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Sam Samuel - Are we stuck in a Rut? The need for agressive research goals

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