Egypt Civilization and Geology
•
8 gefällt mir•3,493 views
Egypt: Civilization and Geology, Geologic Time Scale and Pharonic civilization, bedrock outcrop in Egypt, non-metallic, resource
Empfohlen
Weitere ähnliche Inhalte
Was ist angesagt?
Was ist angesagt? (20)
Andere mochten auch
Andere mochten auch (8)
Ähnlich wie Egypt Civilization and Geology
Ähnlich wie Egypt Civilization and Geology (20)
Mehr von Geology Department, Faculty of Science, Tanta University
Mehr von Geology Department, Faculty of Science, Tanta University (20)
Kürzlich hochgeladen
Kürzlich hochgeladen (20)
Egypt Civilization and Geology
- 1. Egypt Civilization and Geology Hassan Z. Harraz hharraz2006@yahoo.com
- 2. TYPES OF ROCKS - The Rock Cycle
- 5. BEDROCK OF EGYPT Top Layer Limestones Intermediate Layer Sandstone The Basement Complex Igneous Rocks And Metamorphic
- 6. BEDROCK OF EGYPT Top Layer Limestones Intermediate Layer Sandstone The Basement Complex Igneous Rocks And Metamorphic
- 7. BEDROCK OF EGYPT Top Layer Limestones Intermediate Layer Sandstone The Basement Complex Igneous Rocks And Metamorphic
- 8. BEDROCK OF EGYPT Top Layer Limestones Intermediate Layer Sandstone The Basement Complex Igneous Rocks And Metamorphic
- 9. BEDROCK OF EGYPT Top Layer Limestones Intermediate Layer Sandstone The Basement Complex Igneous Rocks And Metamorphic
- 10. According to the “Rock Cycle,” New IGNEOUS ROCK can be made from: A.) Sedimentary Rock B.) Metamorphic Rock C.) Older Igneous Rock D.) All of the Above E.) Only A and B F.) None of the Above – It Only Comes from the Mantle
- 11. The Geologic Time Scale Precambrian 0.59 billion (590 million) to 4.6 billion years ago SW (West Nile Craton) 2 billion years ago Eastern Desert and Sinai 0.5 to 1 billion years ago The BASEMENT COMPLEX
- 12. The Past
- 13. THE BASEMENT COMPLEX Continuous Beneath The Entire Country Southwest at Gebel Uweinat
- 14. THE BASEMENT COMPLEX Continuous Beneath The Entire Country Southwest at Gebel Uweinat Scattered southern portions of the Western Desert
- 15. THE BASEMENT COMPLEX Continuous Beneath The Entire Country Southern Portion of the Sinai Southwest at Gebel Uweinat Scattered southern portions of the Western Desert
- 16. THE BASEMENT COMPLEX Continuous Beneath The Entire Country High Mountains Eastern Desert Southern Portion of the Sinai Southwest at Gebel Uweinat Scattered southern portions of the Western Desert
- 17. THE BASEMENT COMPLEX Continuous Beneath The Entire Country High Mountains Eastern Desert Southern Portion of the Sinai Aswan at the First Nile Cataract Southwest at Gebel Uweinat Scattered southern portions of the Western Desert
- 18. BASEMENT COMPLEX Sinai Area Metamorphic Rocks Cut by Igneous Intrusions Photos by: Alan Kehew
- 24. THE PRECAMBRIAN ROCKS OF EGYPT ARE COMPOSED OF: A.) Igneous Rocks B.) Metamorphic Rocks C.) Sedimentary Rocks D.) All of the Above E.) Only A and B
- 25. INTERMEDIATE ROCK UNITS Paleocene – 55 to 65 million years ago Shale (mud) Late Cretaceous – 80 to 90 million years ago Fine, White Limestone (often called Chalk) Shale (mud) Nubian Sandstone
- 26. The Past
- 27. Figure 3-39ACONTINENTAL DRIFT Late Paleozoic Tethys Sea Late Paleozoic
- 28. INTERMEDIATE ROCK UNITS Paleocene – 55 to 65 million years ago Shale (mud) Late Cretaceous – 80 to 90 million years ago Fine, White Limestone (often called Chalk) Shale (mud) Nubian Sandstone
- 29. The Geologic Time Scale late Cretaceous 80 million to 90 million years ago INTERMEDIATE ROCK UNITS Nubian Sandstone
- 30. INTERMEDIATE ROCK UNITS Nubian Sandstone • medium-sized silica gains • loosely cemented with quartz and iron oxide (ferruginous) cements and chlorite clays • highly porous and friable easy to quarry and carve • strength – sparse but always present due to quartz cement • iron produces yellow-red-brown color • manganese sometimes present produces purple to black color
- 31. EGYPT BEDROCK Nubian Sandstone exposed in southern Egypt (1/3 of country) and in northern Nubia (Sudan)
- 32. THE NUBIAN SANDSTONE OF EGYPT IS: A.) Well Cemented, Very Dense and Hard B.) Moderately Cemented and Reasonably Durable due to Quartz Cement C.) Poorly Cemented and NO Use as a Building Stone D.) Only Found as Loose Sand in Wide-spread Sand Sheets throughout the Western Desert E.) Never Exposed at the Surface
- 33. The Geologic Time Scale late Cretaceous 80 million to 90 million years ago INTERMEDIATE ROCK UNITS Nubian Sandstone Basement Complex UNCONFORMITY (MISSING ROCK) Basement Complex Uplifted, Weathered and Eroded Away
- 34. INTERMEDIATE ROCK UNITS Paleocene – 55 to 65 million years ago Shale (mud) Late Cretaceous – 80 to 90 million years ago Fine, White Limestone (often called Chalk) Shale (mud) Nubian Sandstone
- 35. INTERMEDIATE ROCK UNITS Paleocene – 55 to 65 million years ago Shale (mud) Late Cretaceous – 80 to 90 million years ago Fine, White Limestone (often called Chalk) Shale (mud) Nubian Sandstone
- 36. The Geologic Time Scale late Cretaceous 80 million to 90 million years ago INTERMEDIATE ROCK UNITS Fine, White Limestone (often called Chalk) overlays a layer of Shale Nubian Sandstone
- 37. Facies Development Marine Transgressions and Regressions General Model
- 38. INTERMEDIATE ROCK UNITS Paleocene – 55 to 65 million years ago Shale (mud) Late Cretaceous – 80 to 90 million years ago Fine, White Limestone (often called Chalk) Shale (mud) Nubian Sandstone
- 39. INTERMEDIATE ROCK UNITS Paleocene – 55 to 65 million years ago Shale (mud) Late Cretaceous – 80 to 90 million years ago Fine, White Limestone (often called Chalk) Shale (mud) Nubian Sandstone
- 40. The Geologic Time Scale Paleocene 55 million to 65 million years ago INTERMEDIATE ROCK UNITS Paleocene Shale (Text book refers to this as part of the Cretaceous Limestone and Shale Package)
- 41. Facies Development Marine Transgressions and Regressions General Model
- 42. EGYPT BEDROCK Paleocene Shale Cretaceous Shale and Limestone
- 43. UPPER ROCK UNITS Present • Alluvium deposited in Nile River Valley, Sand Sheets and Dunes in the Western Desert and Sinai Pliocene 5.1 to 2 million years ago • Seas retreat - Erosion and Denudation Miocene 24.6 to 5.1 million years ago • Limestones Oligocene 38 to 24.6 million years ago • Regional Tectonics as Red Sea begins to open • Basalt sheet flows • Conglomerates along coast Eocene – 38 million to 55 million years ago • Limestone
- 44. UPPER ROCK UNITS Present • Alluvium deposited in Nile River Valley, Sand Sheets and Dunes in the Western Desert and Sinai Pliocene 5.1 to 2 million years ago • Seas retreat - Erosion and Denudation Miocene 24.6 to 5.1 million years ago • Limestones Oligocene 38 to 24.6 million years ago • Regional Tectonics as Red Sea begins to open • Basalt sheet flows Conglomerates along coast Eocene – 38 million to 55 million years ago • Limestone
- 45. The Geologic Time Scale Eocene 38 million to 55 million years ago UPPER ROCK UNITS Eocene Limestone Giza Plateau and Pyramids are composed of Eocene Limestone
- 46. UPPER ROCK UNITS Eocene – 38 million to 55 million years ago Limestone • thickness varies due to deposition on folded substrate (north-south compression at end of Cretaceous Period) • composition varies due to deposition during transgression of Tethys Sea • various members (sub-layers) can be distinguished • units become thicker basinward toward the north due to that portion always being covered by the transgressing Tethys Sea • units dip gently to the north due to post-depositional tectonic uplift
- 47. EGYPT BEDROCK Eocene Limestone exposed in central Egypt north to Cairo
- 48. LIMESTONE WOULD BE EXPECTED TO OCCUR ______________ THE ROCK SEQUENCE DUE TO A TRANSGRESSIVE EVENT (RISE IN SEA LEVEL) A.) at the Top of B.) at the Bottom of C.) at the Middle of D.) Throughout E.) Nowhere in
- 49. UPPER ROCK UNITS Present • Alluvium deposited in Nile River Valley, Sand Sheets and Dunes in the Western Desert and Sinai Pliocene 5.1 to 2 million years ago • Seas retreat - Erosion and Denudation Miocene 24.6 to 5.1 million years ago • Limestones Oligocene 38 to 24.6 million years ago • Regional Tectonics as Red Sea begins to open • Basalt sheet flows • Conglomerates along coast Eocene – 38 million to 55 million years ago • Limestone
- 50. The Geologic Time Scale Oligocene 38 to 24.6 million years ago UPPER ROCK UNITS • Regional Tectonics as Red Sea begins to open • Basalt sheet flows in SW near Gebel Uweinat, Gilf Kebir, north of Fayum to NE of Cairo • Tethys Sea coast-latitude of Fayum Depression & Cairo • Conglomerates with land animal fossils and large tree trunks deposited in streams along coast
- 51. EGYPT BEDROCK Basalt sheet flows in SW near Gebel Uweinat
- 52. EGYPT BEDROCK Basalt sheet flows near Gilf Kebir Basalt sheet flows in SW near Gebel Uweinat
- 53. EGYPT BEDROCK Basalt sheet flows near Gilf Kebir Basalt sheet flows in SW near Gebel Uweinat Basalt sheet flows north of Fayum to NE of Cairo
- 54. EGYPT BEDROCK Tethys Sea coast at latitude of Fayum Depression & Cairo Conglomerates with land animal fossils and large tree trunks deposited in streams along coast
- 55. UPPER ROCK UNITS Present • Alluvium deposited in Nile River Valley, Sand Sheets and Dunes in the Western Desert and Sinai Pliocene 5.1 to 2 million years ago • Seas retreat - Erosion and Denudation Miocene 24.6 to 5.1 million years ago • Limestones Oligocene 38 to 24.6 million years ago • Regional Tectonics as Red Sea begins to open • Basalt sheet flows • Conglomerates along coast Eocene – 38 million to 55 million years ago • Limestone
- 56. The Geologic Time Scale Miocene 24.6 to 5.1 million years ago UPPER ROCK UNITS Limestones deposited south of modern Mediterranean Sea coast and Gulf of Suez coast (early-mid Miocene)
- 57. EGYPT BEDROCK Limestones deposited south of modern Mediterranean Sea coast and Gulf of Suez coast (early-mid Miocene)
- 58. UPPER ROCK UNITS Present • Alluvium deposited in Nile River Valley, Sand Sheets and Dunes in the Western Desert and Sinai Pliocene 5.1 to 2 million years ago • Seas retreat - Erosion and Denudation Miocene 24.6 to 5.1 million years ago • Limestones Oligocene 38 to 24.6 million years ago • Regional Tectonics as Red Sea begins to open • Basalt sheet flows • Conglomerates along coast Eocene – 38 million to 55 million years ago • Limestone
- 59. TRUE or FLASE Extensive, area-wide erosion took place during the Pliocene due to a regression (relative drop in sea level or tectonic rise in land elevation)
- 60. The Geologic Time Scale Pliocene 5.1 to 2 million years ago UPPER ROCK UNITS • Seas retreated probably land uplifted • Erosion and denudation variable throughout Egypt • Bedrock exposed as erosion proceeded
- 61. UPPER ROCK UNITS Present • Alluvium deposited in Nile River Valley, Sand Sheets and Dunes in the Western Desert and Sinai Pliocene 5.1 to 2 million years ago • Seas retreat - Erosion and Denudation Miocene 24.6 to 5.1 million years ago • Limestones Oligocene 38 to 24.6 million years ago • Regional Tectonics as Red Sea begins to open • Basalt sheet flows • Conglomerates along coast Eocene – 38 million to 55 million years ago • Limestone
- 62. The Geologic Time Scale Present UPPER ROCK UNITS Alluvium deposited in Nile River Valley, Sand Sheets and Dunes in the Western Desert and Sinai
- 63. EGYPT BEDROCK Alluvium deposited in Nile River Valley Sand Sheets and Dunes deposited in the Western Desert Sand Sheets and Dunes deposited in the Sinai Delta Growth