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Weight-Loss Surgery Overview
Weight-loss surgery is a well-established method of long-term weight control for morbidly obese
adults. Compared to non-surgical treatments, weight-loss surgery yields the longest period of
sustained weight loss in patients who have failed other therapies.1

Fueled by the dismal failure of dieting, the marked improvement in quality of life and the quick
recovery with minimally invasive techniques, the number of weight-loss surgery procedures
performed annually has surged over the last several years. According to a recent report from
the Department of Health and Human Service’s (HHS) Agency for Healthcare Research and
Quality (AHRQ), from 1998 to 2004, the total number of bariatric surgeries performed in the
United States increased nine-fold, from 13,386 to 121,055.2

Weight-Loss Surgery Overview:3,4
There are three categories of weight-loss surgery: malabsorptive, restrictive and combination.

   Malabsorptive: Shortens and re-configures the digestive tract to limit the number of
   calories and nutrients that can be absorbed. Procedures that are only malabsorptive, as
   opposed to combination restrictive and malabsorptive procedures, are not commonly
   performed today.

   Restrictive: Reduces the amount of food the stomach can hold but does not interfere with
   normal digestion and absorption of food and nutrients. Options include:
   • Adjustable Gastric Banding – The LAP-BAND® System is the first FDA-approved

     http://lose-weight.co.tv/
      adjustable gastric band for use in weight reduction. Using laparoscopic surgical
      techniques, the device is placed around the top portion of a patient’s stomach, creating a
      small pouch. By reducing stomach capacity, the LAP-BAND® System can help achieve
      long-term weight loss by creating an earlier feeling of satiety. The
      LAP-BAND® System is adjustable, which means that the inflatable band can be
      tightened or loosened to help the patient achieve a level of satiety while maintaining a
      healthy diet. In follow-up visits, the surgeon can easily adjust the diameter of the band
      by adding saline via an access port just under the patient’s skin. This allows the band to
      be modified to meet a patients needs, which can change over time.5 The
      LAP-BAND® System is a reversible weight-loss surgery option as it can be
      removed at any time.
   • Vertical Banded Gastroplasty (VBG) – A surgery where the upper stomach near the
      esophagus is stapled vertically to create a small pouch along the inner curve of the
      stomach. The outlet from the pouch to the rest of the stomach is restricted by a band
      made of special material. The band delays the emptying of food from the pouch,
      causing a feeling of fullness. Although VBG was farily common in the late 1980s and
      early 1990s, it has been superseded since 1995 by adjustable band and combination
      procedures. Other gastroplasty procedures, including horizontal gastroplasty and
      gastric partitioning without a band, are no longer performed because of their high rates
      of failure.
Combination: Restricts the amount of food the stomach can hold and reduces the number
of calories absorbed by re-configuring the digestive tract. Options include:
• Gastric Bypass (also called Roux-en-Y Gastric Bypass [RYGB]) – With this surgery, the
    stomach is first stapled to make a smaller pouch, then most of the stomach and the
    upper part of the intestine (the duodenum) is bypassed by attaching (usually stapling) a
    lower part of the intestine (the jejunum) to the small stomach pouch. The result is that
    the individual can not eat as much and absorbs fewer nutrients and calories.
• Biliopancreatic Diversion (BPD) – About 70% of the stomach is removed, though the
    remaining capactiy is greater than with RYGB, so patients eat relatively normal-sized
    meals. The remaining smaller stomach pouch is connected to the final segment of the
    small intestine (the ileum), bypassing both the duodenum and the jejunum. As a result,
    the protein, carbohydrate and fat in foods are not mixed with the bile and pancreatic
    enzymes that would normally break them down until they reach the the ileum, so their
    absorption is greatly reduced.




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OVERVIEW OF MAJOR WEIGHT-LOSS SURGERY OPTIONS3,4


                    Combination Malabsorptive and
                                                                                   Restrictive
                             Restrictive
                  Biliopancreatic           Gastric Bypass           Vertical Banded           LAP-BAND® System
                  Diversion (BPD)                                     Gastroplasty
Weight Loss •      Greatest amount     •    Rapid initial weight •   Consistent and        •     Consistent and
                   of initial weight        loss                     continued long-             continued long-
                   loss due to high    •    Some weight              term weight loss            term weight loss
                   levels of                regain over several
                   malabsorption            years
Permanent/    •    Permanent           •    Permanent            •   Extremely difficult   •     No permanent
Reversible         alterations to           alterations to           to reverse                  alterations to
                   stomach                  stomach and          •   Non-adjustable              stomach or
              •    Non-adjustable           digestive process                                    digestive process
                                       •    Non-adjustable                                 •     Band adjustable
                                                                                                 and removable
Vitamin and •      Decreased vitamin •      Decreased vitamin •      No vitamin or         •     Little vitamin or
Mineral Loss       and mineral              and mineral              mineral loss                mineral loss, if any
                   absorption – may         absorption – may     •   Vitamin/protein       •     Vitamin/protein
                   lead to malnutrition     lead to malnutrition     supplements are             supplements are

       http://lose-weight.co.tv/
              •    Requires lifelong
                   monitoring for
                   malnutrition,
                   anemia and bone
                                        •   Daily
                                            vitamin/mineral
                                            supplements
                                            required
                                                                     recommended                 recommended



                   disease              •   Lifelong medical
                                            follow-up and
                                            monitoring of blood
                                            levels
Procedure/    •    Requires cutting   •     Requires cutting     •   Requires cutting      •     No stomach
Recovery           and stapling of          and stapling of          and stapling of             cutting, stapling or
                   stomach and              stomach and              stomach                     intestinal re-routing
                   bowel                    bowel                •   Rarely performed      •     Safer and less
              •    More operative     •     More operative           with minimally              invasive procedure
                   complications than       complications than       invasive approach     •     Lower early
                   with all other           with LAP-BAND®                                       complication rate
                   surgery options          System                                         •     Reduced pain,
              •    Highest mortality  •     Higher mortality                                     length of hospital
                   rate as compared         rate than                                            stay and recovery
                   to other                 LAP-BAND®                                            period
                   procedures               System or VBG
                                            procedures


   Contact:        Cathy Taylor
                   Allergan, Inc.
                   Tel: 714-246-5551
                   Cell: 949-293-4453
                   Taylor_Cathy@allergan.com
©                                             ®
    2007 Allergan, Inc. Irvine, CA 92612.         and ™ marks owned by Allergan, Inc.


1 American Society for Bariatric Surgery. Rationale for the Surgical Treatment of Morbid Obesity. Available at
www.asbs.org/html/rationale/rationale.html. Accessed 1/17/07.
2 Zhao, Y. (Social and Scientific Systems, Inc.), and Encinosa, W. (AHRQ). Bariatric Surgery Utilization and
Outcomes in 1998 and 2004. Statistical Brief #23. January 2007. Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality,
Rockville, Md. www.hcup-us.ahrq.gov/reports/statbriefs/sb23.pdf.
3 Shekelle PG, Morton SC, Maglione MA, Suttorp M, Tu W, Li Z, Maggard M, Mojica WA, Shugarman L,
Solomon V, Jungvig L, Newberry SJ, Mead D, Rhodes S. Pharmacological and Surgical Treatment of Obesity.
Evidence report/Technology Assessment No. 103. (Prepared by the Southern California–RAND Evidence-Based
Practice Center, Santa Monica, CA, under contract Number 290-02-0003.) AHRQ Publication No. 04-E028-2.
Rockville, MD: Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality. July 2004. (Pages 5 and 6).
4 American Society for Bariatric Surgery. Story for surgery for obesity. Available at
http://www.asbs.org/html/patients/story.html. Accessed 1/23/07.
5 Allergan. The LAP-BAND® System Overview. Available at http://www.lapband.com/lapband/aboutlapband.do.
Accessed 1/23/07.




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Weight loss surgery-fact_sheet

  • 1. Weight-Loss Surgery Overview Weight-loss surgery is a well-established method of long-term weight control for morbidly obese adults. Compared to non-surgical treatments, weight-loss surgery yields the longest period of sustained weight loss in patients who have failed other therapies.1 Fueled by the dismal failure of dieting, the marked improvement in quality of life and the quick recovery with minimally invasive techniques, the number of weight-loss surgery procedures performed annually has surged over the last several years. According to a recent report from the Department of Health and Human Service’s (HHS) Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ), from 1998 to 2004, the total number of bariatric surgeries performed in the United States increased nine-fold, from 13,386 to 121,055.2 Weight-Loss Surgery Overview:3,4 There are three categories of weight-loss surgery: malabsorptive, restrictive and combination. Malabsorptive: Shortens and re-configures the digestive tract to limit the number of calories and nutrients that can be absorbed. Procedures that are only malabsorptive, as opposed to combination restrictive and malabsorptive procedures, are not commonly performed today. Restrictive: Reduces the amount of food the stomach can hold but does not interfere with normal digestion and absorption of food and nutrients. Options include: • Adjustable Gastric Banding – The LAP-BAND® System is the first FDA-approved http://lose-weight.co.tv/ adjustable gastric band for use in weight reduction. Using laparoscopic surgical techniques, the device is placed around the top portion of a patient’s stomach, creating a small pouch. By reducing stomach capacity, the LAP-BAND® System can help achieve long-term weight loss by creating an earlier feeling of satiety. The LAP-BAND® System is adjustable, which means that the inflatable band can be tightened or loosened to help the patient achieve a level of satiety while maintaining a healthy diet. In follow-up visits, the surgeon can easily adjust the diameter of the band by adding saline via an access port just under the patient’s skin. This allows the band to be modified to meet a patients needs, which can change over time.5 The LAP-BAND® System is a reversible weight-loss surgery option as it can be removed at any time. • Vertical Banded Gastroplasty (VBG) – A surgery where the upper stomach near the esophagus is stapled vertically to create a small pouch along the inner curve of the stomach. The outlet from the pouch to the rest of the stomach is restricted by a band made of special material. The band delays the emptying of food from the pouch, causing a feeling of fullness. Although VBG was farily common in the late 1980s and early 1990s, it has been superseded since 1995 by adjustable band and combination procedures. Other gastroplasty procedures, including horizontal gastroplasty and gastric partitioning without a band, are no longer performed because of their high rates of failure.
  • 2. Combination: Restricts the amount of food the stomach can hold and reduces the number of calories absorbed by re-configuring the digestive tract. Options include: • Gastric Bypass (also called Roux-en-Y Gastric Bypass [RYGB]) – With this surgery, the stomach is first stapled to make a smaller pouch, then most of the stomach and the upper part of the intestine (the duodenum) is bypassed by attaching (usually stapling) a lower part of the intestine (the jejunum) to the small stomach pouch. The result is that the individual can not eat as much and absorbs fewer nutrients and calories. • Biliopancreatic Diversion (BPD) – About 70% of the stomach is removed, though the remaining capactiy is greater than with RYGB, so patients eat relatively normal-sized meals. The remaining smaller stomach pouch is connected to the final segment of the small intestine (the ileum), bypassing both the duodenum and the jejunum. As a result, the protein, carbohydrate and fat in foods are not mixed with the bile and pancreatic enzymes that would normally break them down until they reach the the ileum, so their absorption is greatly reduced. http://lose-weight.co.tv/
  • 3. OVERVIEW OF MAJOR WEIGHT-LOSS SURGERY OPTIONS3,4 Combination Malabsorptive and Restrictive Restrictive Biliopancreatic Gastric Bypass Vertical Banded LAP-BAND® System Diversion (BPD) Gastroplasty Weight Loss • Greatest amount • Rapid initial weight • Consistent and • Consistent and of initial weight loss continued long- continued long- loss due to high • Some weight term weight loss term weight loss levels of regain over several malabsorption years Permanent/ • Permanent • Permanent • Extremely difficult • No permanent Reversible alterations to alterations to to reverse alterations to stomach stomach and • Non-adjustable stomach or • Non-adjustable digestive process digestive process • Non-adjustable • Band adjustable and removable Vitamin and • Decreased vitamin • Decreased vitamin • No vitamin or • Little vitamin or Mineral Loss and mineral and mineral mineral loss mineral loss, if any absorption – may absorption – may • Vitamin/protein • Vitamin/protein lead to malnutrition lead to malnutrition supplements are supplements are http://lose-weight.co.tv/ • Requires lifelong monitoring for malnutrition, anemia and bone • Daily vitamin/mineral supplements required recommended recommended disease • Lifelong medical follow-up and monitoring of blood levels Procedure/ • Requires cutting • Requires cutting • Requires cutting • No stomach Recovery and stapling of and stapling of and stapling of cutting, stapling or stomach and stomach and stomach intestinal re-routing bowel bowel • Rarely performed • Safer and less • More operative • More operative with minimally invasive procedure complications than complications than invasive approach • Lower early with all other with LAP-BAND® complication rate surgery options System • Reduced pain, • Highest mortality • Higher mortality length of hospital rate as compared rate than stay and recovery to other LAP-BAND® period procedures System or VBG procedures Contact: Cathy Taylor Allergan, Inc. Tel: 714-246-5551 Cell: 949-293-4453 Taylor_Cathy@allergan.com
  • 4. © ® 2007 Allergan, Inc. Irvine, CA 92612. and ™ marks owned by Allergan, Inc. 1 American Society for Bariatric Surgery. Rationale for the Surgical Treatment of Morbid Obesity. Available at www.asbs.org/html/rationale/rationale.html. Accessed 1/17/07. 2 Zhao, Y. (Social and Scientific Systems, Inc.), and Encinosa, W. (AHRQ). Bariatric Surgery Utilization and Outcomes in 1998 and 2004. Statistical Brief #23. January 2007. Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality, Rockville, Md. www.hcup-us.ahrq.gov/reports/statbriefs/sb23.pdf. 3 Shekelle PG, Morton SC, Maglione MA, Suttorp M, Tu W, Li Z, Maggard M, Mojica WA, Shugarman L, Solomon V, Jungvig L, Newberry SJ, Mead D, Rhodes S. Pharmacological and Surgical Treatment of Obesity. Evidence report/Technology Assessment No. 103. (Prepared by the Southern California–RAND Evidence-Based Practice Center, Santa Monica, CA, under contract Number 290-02-0003.) AHRQ Publication No. 04-E028-2. Rockville, MD: Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality. July 2004. (Pages 5 and 6). 4 American Society for Bariatric Surgery. Story for surgery for obesity. Available at http://www.asbs.org/html/patients/story.html. Accessed 1/23/07. 5 Allergan. The LAP-BAND® System Overview. Available at http://www.lapband.com/lapband/aboutlapband.do. Accessed 1/23/07. http://lose-weight.co.tv/