1. The Crusades
Series of 8 or 9 holy
wars fought between
Christian states in
Europe and Turkish
Muslims
Spanned 1095-1270
2. The Crusades
Emperor of the Eastern Roman
Empire asked Pope Urban II for
help against the Muslim armies
Pope Urban II of the Roman
Catholic Church asked his
followers to participate and fight
3. The Crusades
The goal of the Crusades was to take Jerusalem and
related holy lands in the Middle East from Muslims
Holy sites had been cut off
from access because of Muslim
expansion into the Eastern and Western
Roman Empires.
4. The Crusades
First Crusade or People’s
Crusade ended in the capture
of Jerusalem
Second Crusade resulted in
failure, as European armies
fled from the well-prepared
Turkish armies’ attacks
during the siege of Damascus.
5. The Crusades
Third Crusade started
when Muslims retook
Jerusalem
Ended in a truce
between King Richard
I of England and the
Muslim leader, Saladin
Saladin allowed
Christians to visit the holy sites
6. The Crusades
Third Crusade contributed to the downfall of feudalism
by inspiring revolt
King Richard I financed the Third
Crusade with heavy, unfair taxes on
his subjects
He sold self-government privileges
to towns
His capture after the Third Crusade
and ransom payment increased tax rates
7. The Crusades
The fourth and subsequent crusades diverted focus from
reclaiming holy lands
Instead targeted other cities and Muslims
