ICT role in 21st century education and it's challenges.
Open Access and Authors Rights
1. Open Access & Author’s Rights -
What every faculty or author
should know…..
H. Stephen McMinn, Director of Collections and
Scholarly Communications
Brookens Library
2. Discussion Topics
Open Access
What is it?
Why is it important?
What’s in it for me?
What can I do?
Your Rights as an Author
Protecting Your Rights
Publishers Copyright
Transfer Agreements
Amendments
Creative Commons
IDEALS
3. What is Open Access?
Open Access-Lots of Definitions
Open access (OA) -- the practice of providing
unrestricted access via the Internet to peer-
reviewed scholarly journal articles and other
scholarly works.
4. What do we mean by open?
Open & Free to Access
Open to …
Contribution and Participation
Use & Reuse with Few or No Restrictions
Indexing and Machine Readable
5. Open Movements
Open Access -- Public Access
Open data
Open science
Open humanities
Open education
Open books
Open peer review
Open textbooks
6. Open Access Journals
Scholarly journals that are available online to
the reader "without financial, legal, or
technical barriers other than those
inseparable from gaining access to the
internet itself.“
Suber, Peter. "Open Access Overview".
http://www.earlham.edu/~peters/fos/overview.htm
7. Entirely open access
All or some articles open
(hybrid open-access journals)
Some articles open access and
others delayed access
Delayed open access
(delayed open-access journals)
Self-archiving of articles permitted
No open content -- content only
available to subscribers
More Open
Less Open
Levels of Open Access Journals
8. Types of Open Access
“Green” Open Access
Authors publish in any journal and then self-archive a version of the
article for free public use in their institutional repository, in a central
repository (such as PubMed Central), or on some other OA website.
“Gold” Open Access
Authors publish in an open access journal that provides immediate OA to
all of its articles on the publisher's website.
Hybrid Open Access
Provide Gold OA only for those individual articles for which their authors
(or their author's institution or funder) pay an OA publishing fee.
9. Why Open Access?
“Information wants to be free!”
Unsustainable pricing model of scholarly
journals
Beliefs of the Academy – It’s the Right thing to Do!
“Open access truly expands shared knowledge across scientific fields — it is the
best path for accelerating multi-disciplinary breakthroughs in research." — Open
Letter to the US Congress signed by Nobel Prize winners
Requirements of Funding Agencies
Other Initiatives
10. NIH Public Access Policy
The NIH Public Access Policy implements Division G, Title II, Section 218 of PL
110-161 (Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2008). The law states:
The Director of the National Institutes of Health shall require that all
investigators funded by the NIH submit or have submitted for them
to the National Library of Medicine’s PubMed Central an electronic
version of their final, peer-reviewed manuscripts upon acceptance
for publication, to be made publicly available no later than 12
months after the official date of publication: Provided, That the NIH
shall implement the public access policy in a manner consistent with
copyright law
NIH Public Access Policy @ http://publicaccess.nih.gov
11. NIH Rules - In Brief
NIH-funded research must be made freely
available to the public
Deposit made publicly available no later
than 12 months after the official date of
publication
Authors submit an e-copy of their
published articles to NIH PubMed Central
12. Other Initiatives
Open Access -- Illinois General Assembly –
SB Bill 1900
America Competes Reauthorization Act of
2010
Increasing Access to the Results of Federally
Funded Scientific Research – Presidential
Policy Memorandum (2/22/13)
13. What’s in it for me?
Ease of Use
– Copyright
– Coursepacks/Couse Management
– MOOCs
Increased Visibility
Increased Citations
15. What can I do?
Advocate for Open Access
Publish in Open Access Journals
Protect your rights as a author
– What rights are important?
– How to Protect Rights
Use IDEALS (UI Institutional Repository)
16. Finding Friendly Publishers
The Romeo/eprints directory provides
information on the self-archiving policy of
journals
– Levels of “openness” in publishers agreements
– www.sherpa.ac.uk/romeo/
DOJA -- Directory of Open Access Journals
– Used to find Open Access Journals
– www.doaj.org
17. Sherpa/Romeo – 4 Levels
ROMEO
colour
Archiving policy
Number of
Publishers
green
can archive pre-print and post-print or
publisher's version/PDF
366
blue
can archive post-print (i.e. final draft post-
refereeing) or publisher's version/PDF
408
yellow can archive pre-print (i.e. pre-refereeing) 138
white archiving not formally supported 392
18. Other Useful Tools
Sherpa/JULIET – Funders requirements
– www.sherpa.ac.uk/juliet/
Ask me or Ask a Librarian
– http://libguides.uis.edu/librarians
19. Protecting Authors Rights
What can you do with your article?
– Publish on your website
– Photocopy and pass out on street corners
– Use in your course
– Post to Subject Repositories
– Submit to Journals
– Tear up into little pieces and use for confetti
May depend on Funding Source!
20. Important Rights - Copyright
To publish/distribute work in print or other
media
To Reproduce/Copy
Prepare Translations or Derivative Works
To perform or display the work publicly
To authorize others to have any of these
rights – ability to transfer rights
21. Publishers Copyright Transfer
Agreements
Historic Practice -- Transfer of ownership of
copyright to publishers in exchange for
publication despite the restrictions it places
on your work
Authors (you) would need to obtain
permission from the publisher for any of
the rights transferred……
22. Interpreting Agreements
What to look for….
– Posting to websites
– Use in course packs
– Use in other works
– Placing in Institutional or Subject Repositories
– Allowed methods of sharing
– Permissions statement
23. Questions to Consider
What rights are your giving up?
What rights are important to you?
How important are these rights?
Items to consider…
‒ Gov/Funder Rules/Regulations – NIH
‒ University Guidelines – Senate Resolutions
‒ Personal Preferences -- Open access
25. Retain Rights – 2 Options
Retain only the Specific Rights You Need
• Right to use/copy for educational purposes
• Right to post to your website
• Right to re-use your own work in another work
But otherwise transfer copyright to publisher
OR
2. Retain all Rights and License Specific Rights to
the Publisher such as right of 1st publication
26. Methods to Retain Rights
1. Strike out the parts of the agreement that
you wish to modify.
2. Insert in the text of the agreement the
rights that you wish to retain.
3. Attach an addendum to the publishing
agreement which expressly sets forth the
rights retained by the author.
27. Editing Agreement
Strike out wording
– crossing out the specific clauses that you do not
agree with and inserting by hand the rights you
wish to retain.
Review the publisher’s agreement form for….
“SIGN HERE FOR COPYRIGHT TRANSFER: I hereby certify that I
am authorized to sign this document either in my own right or
as an agent for my employer, and have made no changes to
the current valid document. . .”
28. Editing Agreement
The following is an example:
“If there are any elements in this manuscript for which the
author(s) hold and want to retain copyright, please
specify: __________________________.”
[Physical Therapy, Journal of the American Physical Therapy
Association]
29. Editing Agreements
Any changes made directly on the form
agreement must include….
– the initials of the author and the initials of an
authorized representative of the publisher, which
are placed immediately adjacent to the
handwritten or typewritten change.
– Any changes made and initialed by the author will
have no legal effect without the approval of the
publisher.
30. NIH Example
Add the following to a copyright agreement
“Journal acknowledges that Author retains the
right to provide a copy of the final peer-reviewed
manuscript to the NIH upon acceptance for
Journal publication, for public archiving in
PubMed Central as soon as possible but no later
than 12 months after publication by Journal.”
31. Amendments to Agreements
An addendum is an attachment to a
contract or form that modifies, clarifies, or
adds to the contract.
If authors attach an addendum, add the
statement “Subject to Attached
Addendum” next to your signature on the
publisher copyright agreement form.
Lots of Examples of Amendments
34. Open Access and
Copyright/Creative Commons
Open access is built upon authors retaining
all or part of their initial rights under
copyright law.
Creative Commons is an easy way to
transfer rights – they allow creators to
communicate which rights they reserve,
and which rights they waive for the benefit
of recipients or other creators.
35. IDEALS - University of Illinois
Institutional Repository
IDEALS is the digital repository for research
and scholarship - including published and
unpublished papers, datasets, video and
audio - produced at the University of
Illinois.
All faculty, staff, and graduate students can
deposit into IDEALS.
(https://www.ideals.illinois.edu/)
36. Q&A + Links
SPARC
• http://www.arl.org/sparc/
ACRL Scholarly Communications
• http://www.ala.org/acrl/issues/scholcomm
University of Illinois – Author’s Rights Page
• http://www.library.illinois.edu/sc/services/scholarly_communication
s/your_rights.html
37. So ……
as an author
you have even
more decisions
to make…….
including what
to do about
your rights….
Hinweis der Redaktion
Many of these new access models are driven by the concept of “open” which encompasses a lot of meanings:More open for both creators and usersGreater openness by way of removing access barriers, such as subscriptionsGranting rights up front to enable sharing and reuseAnd creating opportunities for new forms of technology-enabled scholarship and data mining to move forward
There are multiple open explorations within the broader ethos of openness, most of which should be familiar to you. The largest of these is obviously open access, both publishing and archiving. A derivative movement of open access is the public access requirements we are seeing from grant agencies. However, there is strong growth in these other, related movements and ultimately they all support and drive one another and our scholarship.
In successively looser senses, open-access journals may be considered as: Journals entirely open access Journals with research articles open access (hybrid open-access journals) Journals with some research articles open access (hybrid open-access journals) Journals with some articles open access and the other delayed access Journals with delayed open access (delayed open-access journals) Journals permitting self-archiving of articles
Green OA Self Archiving[5][6]Authors publish in any journal and then self-archive a version of the article for free public use in their institutional repository,[7] in a central repository (such as PubMed Central), or on some other OA website.[8] What is deposited is the peer-reviewed postprint – either the author's refereed, revised final draft or the publisher's version of record. Green OA journal publishers[9] endorse immediate OA self-archiving by their authors. OA self-archiving was first formally proposed in 1994[10][11] by Stevan Harnad. However, self-archiving was already being done by computer scientists in their local FTP archives in the '80s,[12] later harvested into Citeseer. High-energy physicists have been self-archiving centrally in arXiv since 1991.Gold OA Publishing[13]Authors publish in an open access journal that provides immediate OA to all of its articles on the publisher's website.[8] (Hybrid open access journals provide Gold OA only for those individual articles for which their authors (or their author's institution or funder) pay an OA publishing fee.) Examples of OA publishers[13] are BioMed Central, the Public Library of Science, and Dove Medical Press.
he iconic phrase is attributed to Stewart Brand.[1] who, in the late 1960s, founded the Whole Earth Catalog and argued that technology could be liberating rather than oppressing.[2] The earliest recorded occurrence of the expression was at the first Hackers' Conference in 1984. Brand told Steve Wozniak:[3]On the one hand information wants to be expensive, because it's so valuable. The right information in the right place just changes your life. On the other hand, information wants to be free, because the cost of getting it out is getting lower and lower all the time. So you have these two fighting against each other.[4]
Open Access Bill SB1900 -- The summary states: "Creates the Open Access to Research Articles Act. Provides that no later than 12 months after the effective date of the Act, each public institution of higher education shall develop an open access to research articles policy. Provides that all public institutions of higher education shall develop policies that provide for the submission, by all faculty employed by the public institution of higher education, to the employing institution of an electronic version of the author's final manuscript of original research papers upon acceptance by a scholarly research journal; the incorporation of certain changes and replacements regarding the manuscript; free online public access to the final peer-reviewed manuscripts or published versions upon publication; an irrevocable, worldwide copyright license granted by the author to the public; production of an online bibliography of all research papers that are publicly accessible; and long-term preservation of, and free public access to, published research articles. Sets forth provisions concerning applicability, other policy requirements, and reporting requirements.“America Competes Reauthorization Act of 2010 calls upon OSTP to coordinate with agencies to develop policies that assure widespread public access to and long-term stewardship of the results of federally funded unclassified research (2011)Expanding Public Access to the Results of Federally Funded ResearchPosted by Michael Stebbins on February 22, 2013 at 12:04 PM ESTThe Obama Administration is committed to the proposition that citizens deserve easy access to the results of scientific research their tax dollars have paid for. That’s why, in a policy memorandum released today, OSTP Director John Holdren has directed Federal agencies with more than $100M in R&D expenditures to develop plans to make the published results of federally funded research freely available to the public within one year of publication and requiring researchers to better account for and manage the digital data resulting from federally funded scientific research. OSTP has been looking into this issue for some time, soliciting broad public input on multiple occasions and convening an interagency working group to develop a policy. The final policy reflects substantial inputs from scientists and scientific organizations, publishers, members of Congress, and other members of the public—over 65 thousand of whom recently signed a We the People petition asking for expanded public access to the results of taxpayer-funded research.To see the new policy memorandum, please visit: http://www.whitehouse.gov/sites/default/files/microsites/ostp/ostp_public_access_memo_2013.pdfTo see Dr. Holdren’s response to the We the People petition, please visit: https://petitions.whitehouse.gov/response/increasing-public-access-results-scientific-researchhttp://www.nsf.gov/news/news_summ.jsp?cntn_id=127043
Creative Commons (CC) is a non-profit organization headquartered in Mountain View, California, United States devoted to expanding the range of creative works available for others to build upon legally and to share.[1] The organization has released several copyright-licenses known as Creative Commons licenses free of charge to the public. These licenses allow creators to communicate which rights they reserve, and which rights they waive for the benefit of recipients or other creators. An easy to understand one-page explanation of rights, with associated visual symbols, explains the specifics of each Creative Commons license. Creative Commons licenses do not replace copyright, but are based upon it. They replace individual negotiations for specific rights between copyright owner (licensor) and licensee, which are necessary under an "all rights reserved" copyright management with a "some rights reserved" management employing standardized licenses for re-use cases where no commercial compensation is sought by the copyright owner. The result is an agile, low overhead and cost copyright management regime, profiting both copyright owners and licensees.