Material presented by Prof. Dr. Hora Tjitra, Executive Director of Tjitra & associates (www.tjitra.com) and also Associate Professor for Applied Psychology at Zhejiang University, China, during the 5th APIO Conference in Jakarta (October 5th, 2013)

1. Prof. Dr. Hora Tjitra
Be Global
Cakrawala Indonesia Baru di Era Globalisasi
Jakarta,
October
5th
2013

2. Agenda
2
The New Frontiers of Global Indonesians
Intercultural Competence and Sensitivity across Cultures
Business Case - Indonesian Business Leaders abroad
Be Global - Lessons Learned from Global Indonesian

3. !
THE NEW FRONTIERS OF GLOBAL INDONESIAN

4. 4
The Investment Coordinating Board of the Republic of Indonesia
4
The Investment Coordinating Board of the Republic of Indonesia
the World embrace
Indonesia economic performance
From 21th (2007) to 9th (2012)
in the A.T.Kearney FDI Confidence

5. World economics reports predict positive future for Indonesia in the new global economy ...
Indonesia’s economy has enormous promise. It has been and still
growing rapidly, from the currently 16th largest economy of the
world, it is predicted to reach the seventh biggest in 2030.
2012,McKinsey Global Institute:
The archipelago economy Unleashing Indonesia’s potential.
Indonesia: Darling for Business Investments
Indonesia’s economy will likely break into the top 15 in the world in the next decade
or so.The nation’s economic expansion is largely driven by domestic consumption
rather than export-led growth, so it is less dependent on increasingly unpredictable
global economic forces.
2013,Boston Consulting Group Report:Growing Pains,Lasting Advantage:Tackling Indonesia’s
Talent Challenges.
Between 2004-2012, there have been obvious indications of progress…
Our high GDP growth has been a great achievement.The GDP figures
show that all of Indonesia’economic sectors are growing.
Indonesia FinanceToday:Indonesia’s economic review 2004-2012.
5

6. 6
The talent crisis…
ACUTE SHORTAGE
OF TALENTS:
Only 22 % of school-aged population
are in schools
Only a small minority of
Indonesia’s graduates from more
than 1000 higher educations
40% shortfall of engineers in 2013
(by 2025 will be 70%)
Exhibit 2,2013 BCG Report

7. ... higher need of
International Exposure
for the Indonesian Leaders &
Professionals
FTA FDI Go-Out
7

8. !
INTERCULTURAL COMPETENCE & SENSITIVITY
ACROSS CULTURES

9. 9
“To
be
effective
in
another
culture,
people
must
be
interested
in
other
cultures,
be
sensitive
enough
to
notice
cultural
differences,
and
then
also
be
willing
to
modify
their
behavior
as
an
indication
of
respect
for
the
people
of
other
cultures
”
(Bhawuk and Brislin, 1992)
Intercultural Competence
Technical knowledge &
skill
Motivation
Stress tolerance
Respect for
differences
Harmony
preservation
Self Control
Awareness of
communication symbols
Language skill
Verbal & non
verbal expression
Attribution process of
information
Cultural empathy
Intercultural
Sensitivity
Intercultural
Communication
Competence
Intercultural Competence and Sensitivity

10. Study and Join Activities Abroad
The influence of intercultural exposure to IS is somehow ambiguous. Exposing to different is not necessarily
improve IS level. Researches show that study abroad does not benefit all students equally
(Fuller,2007)
Without the structure of a service program to support their processes of construing
meaning from their experiences of difference,they actually became more entrenched
in the Denial/Defense stage (Westrick,2004).
The program may have different affect on different IS aspects (Altshuler et al,2003).
Mentoring system is perceived crucial for improving IS (Koskinen & Tossavainen,
2004).
Events such as celebration can extended students’ethnorelative views on Avoidance
and Acceptance (Klak,2003).
Short-term,non-language-based study abroad programs can also have a positive
impact on intercultural sensitivity (Anderson et al.,2006).
Influences of Intercultural Exposures to IS
10

11. Is Cross-Culture Adaptation a Universal Value?
Andere Länder, andere Sitten.
Allá donde fueres,
haz lo que vieres.
À Rome,
fais comme les Romains.
郷に入っては郷に従う.
Lain ladang lain belalang,
lain lubuk lain ikannya.
入乡随俗
TOLERANCE?
DIFFERENCES HARMONIZATION?
HEIGHTENED SENSITIVITY?
11
入乡随俗

12. Indonesia: Ultimate in Diversity
12
✴ Indonesia has around 300 ethnic groups, each with cultural identities developed over
centuries,and influenced by Indian,Arabic,Chinese and European sources significantly.
✴ The main ethnic group is the Javanese, who comprise 42% of the population, and are
politically and culturally dominant.
✴ A sense of Indonesian nationhood exists alongside strong regional identities. Society is
largely harmonious, although social, religious and ethnic tensions have triggered
horrendous violence.
✴ The country has extensive natural resources, including crude oil, natural gas, tin, copper
and gold,which attracts more and more foreign investment in recent years.
Republic of Indonesia
Republik Indonesia
Flag National emblem
Motto: "Bhinneka Tunggal Ika" (Old Javanese)
"Unity in Diversity"
National ideology: Pancasila[1][2]
Anthem: Indonesia Raya
Capital
and largest city
Jakarta
6°10.5!S 106°49.7!E
Official languages Indonesian
Demonym Indonesian
Government Unitary presidential
constitutional republic
- President Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono
- Vice President Boediono
Legislature People's Consultative
Assembly
- Upper house Regional Representative
Council
- Lower house People's Representative
Council
iːziə/
ia
e in
ago
passes
the
ublic
and
ntry
mor, and
pore,
of the
g
6th
de
nd then
lers
tical
uddhist
uenced
lim
ean
o
ng the
es of
e after
ulent,
,
rapid
c and
ant –
ersity,
on, and
nesia's
versity"
at
ensely
Independence from the Netherlands
- Declared 17 August 1945
- Acknowledged 27 December 1949
Area
- Land 1,904,569 km2 (15th)
735,358 sq mi
- Water (%) 4.85
Population
- 2011 census 237,424,363[3] (4th)
- Density 124.66/km2 (84th)
322.87/sq mi
GDP (PPP) 2013 estimate
- Total $1.314 trillion[3] (15th)
- Per capita $5,302[3] (117th)
GDP (nominal) 2013 estimate
- Total $946.391 billion[3] (16th)
- Per capita $3,816[3] (105th)
Gini (2010) 35.6[4]
medium
HDI (2012) 0.629[5]
medium · 121st
Currency Rupiah (Rp) (IDR)
Time zone various (UTC+7 to +9)
Drives on the left
Calling code +62
ISO 3166 code ID
Internet TLD .id
populated regions, Indonesia has vast areas of wilderness that
support the world's second highest level of biodiversity. The
country has abundant natural resources, yet poverty remains
widespread.[7][8]
Contents
1 Etymology
2 History
3 Government and politics
4 Foreign relations and military
5 Administrative divisions
6 Geography
7 Biota and environment
8 Economy
9 Demographics
10 Culture
11 See also
12 Notes
13 References
14 External links
Etymology
Further information: Names of Indonesia
The name Indonesia derives from the Latin and Greek Indus,
and the Greek nèsos, meaning "island".[9] The name dates to
the 18th century, far predating the formation of independent
Indonesia.[10] In 1850, George Windsor Earl, an English
ethnologist, proposed the terms Indunesians — and, his
preference, Malayunesians — for the inhabitants of the "Indian Archipelago or Malayan Archipelago".[11] In
the same publication, a student of Earl's, James Richardson Logan, used Indonesia as a synonym for Indian
Archipelago.[12][13] However, Dutch academics writing in East Indies publications were reluctant to use
Indonesia. Instead, they used the terms Malay Archipelago (Maleische Archipel); the Netherlands East Indies
(Nederlandsch Oost Indië), popularly Indië; the East (de Oost); and Insulinde.[14]
After 1900, the name Indonesia became more common in academic circles outside the Netherlands, and
Indonesian nationalist groups adopted it for political expression.[14] Adolf Bastian, of the University of Berlin,
popularized the name through his book Indonesien oder die Inseln des Malayischen Archipels, 1884–1894. The
first Indonesian scholar to use the name was Suwardi Suryaningrat (Ki Hajar Dewantara), when he established a
[10]
• Indonesia is a very diverse country, including more than 350 ethnic groups, and 650
languages.
• There are 6 religions:Catholic; Christian; Islam; Buddhism; Hinduism and Konfuzianism.
• Different Norms, Values and Behaviors. People in East Java are more dynamic than in
Central Java. They speak faster, louder and more direct. East javanese dance is very fast
with dynamic movement.
• Different ethnic groups live side by side (Minang and Batak), however they are based on
different Family Lineage:matriarchat vs.Patriarchat.
• Indonesia is a collectivist culture with high Power Distance; very strong influenced by
Islamic values.
• The Indonesian self is interdependent (good relationship with other people); western
children develop independent Self (personal achievement).

13. The principals of differences
The either-or
principals
The as-well-as
principals
The neither-nor
principals

14. 14
Imitating
(specific Chinese factor)
• Imitate
• Act similar
Following
• Follow others’
principles
Adapting
• Adapt to ways of
communication
• Adapt to foreign
food
• Adapt the working
style Maximizing
(specific Chinese factor)
• Find common points
• Minimize differences
Harmonizing Differences
- Chinese ICS -

15. Indonesian and Chinese Intercultural Sensitivity
INDONESIAN IS
(PANGGABEAN, 2005)
Multiculturality
Active
Sensitivity
Group
Harmony
Initial
Cautiousness
Conflict
Avoidance
Differences Harmonization & Ethno Identification
Cultural Comprehension
Relationship Optimization
(host friendliness,relationship nourishment)
Rel.Optimization (rel.assess.) & Diff.Harm
(conflict avo.& imitate)
Differences Harmonization
(conflict avoidance)
IS Dimensions
Implicit
communication
Musyawarah
Mufakat
No
comparable
dimension
No comparable dimension
No comparable dimension
Change accomodation
Comparable
Uncomparable
CHINESE IS
(TJITRA & DENG, 2006)
15

16. !
BUSINESS CASE - INDONESIAN BUSINESS LEADERS ABROAD

17. 17
Source: Tjitra & Zeutschel, 1998
“Knowing,
what
makes
the
world
go
‘round”
“Zu
wissen,
was
die
Welt
im
Innersten
Zusammenhält”

18. (world-wide famous)
Hardworking Chinese
ETHNOCENTRISM
“Everybody
is
hardworking.”
Indonesians Singaporeans
When
Chinese
come
to
work
in
Indonesia:
“Indonesians
are
not
hardworking.
They
are
so
relaxed!”
When
Indonesians
go
to
work
in
China:
“Chinese
are
really
hardworking!
(and
Indonesians
are
at
normal
level)”
When
Singaporeans
go
to
work
in
China:
“Chinese
are
really
hardworking!
(and
Singaporeans
are
at
normal
level)”
When
Singaporeans
come
to
work
in
Indonesia:
-­‐
“Are
Indonesians
hardworking
or
relaxed?”
18
Ethnocentrism and Culture Relativism

19. ❖ Achievement Driven
❖ Professionalism
❖ Facilitative Leadership
Singaporean Expatriates
in Indonesia
Chinese Expatriates
in Indonesia
❖ Strong Drive
❖ Personal Advancement
❖ Systematic Improvement
❖ Country Brand
❖ Internationalism
❖ Master of Planning
Singaporean Expatriates
in China
❖ Exposure to Diversity
❖ Warm and Personable
❖ Integrator
Indonesian Expatriates
in China
Whoyou are depends on
WhereYou Are!
19

20. !
BE GLOBAL
- LESSONS LEARNED FROM GLOBAL INDONESIAN -

21. 21
INTERNATIONAL EXPOSURE
AS CAREER COMPETITIVE ADVANTAGE
Only limited number of Indonesians have the chance for overseas study
(no definite numbers,yet estimated less than 1% of the population)
- Kemendikbud’s Data (2011) : 84.051 with scholarship
MNCs (multinational company) is mentioned to be one of
important experience for Indonesian professionals.
For the Global Indonesians, our hypothesis is that MNCs act
as a good training center.
Population : 45 biggest company based on LQ45 (stock
market index for the Indonesia Stock Exchange)
Sample : 41 companies, 217 professionals from the position
of President Directors and Directors
Background
Population & Sample
Gender :
‣ Man:92,2 %
‣ Women: 7,8 %
Education :
‣ Education abroad:
52,1 %
‣ No education abroad: 41,9
%
‣ Unidentified:
6 %
Working experiences :
‣ True loyalist (spend almost entire career in the
same company / group):52,1 %
‣ Nationalist (spend entire career in various local
group / companies):29 %
‣ International Professional (spend careers in MNCs
and local companies):18,9 %
Summary of Result

22. 22
PERCEIVED BARRIERS PERCEIVED STRENGTHS
Work
Ethics Interpersonal
Relationship
Communication
&
Language Exposure
to
Diversity
Technical
Competence Facilitating
Leadership
Global Indonesian: challenges VS potentials

23. Lessons Learned - Implication for Global Indonesian
23
International
Assignment
in
Early
Career
Technical Competence
Passion to Learn
Self - confidence
Exposure
to
Diverse
Experiences
Early
Intensive
Experiences
on
Intercultural
Learning
Critical Experiences
Important Traits

24. Possible Organizational Intervention
24
Transforming the intra-cultural sensitivity
into intercultural sensitivity
Foreign colleagues
and boss in home country
International Project / Virtual Teams
Intensive Working and Living abroad
Leading another cultures
Getting Familiar with
International Business Experiences
Building
Self-­‐Confidence
&
Developing
Asser8veness
Crea8ng
(Inter-­‐)
Na8onal
Talent
Pool
✴ Selec8on
✴ Support
✴ Coaching
✴ Training
✴ Networking

25. COMING SOON !!
Our LATEST books on Global Talent ....
based on 18 years intensive research
of Global Indonesian

26. THANK YOU !
Contact us via …
gi-net@tjitra.com
@htjitra
hora tjitra
www.globalindonesian.net
Global Indonesian Network
Global Indonesian Network