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Electrosmog and Reproduction Updated 20 June 2012
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Here are 309 references linking electrosmog with adverse reproductive effects. The current ICNIRP’s
safety guidelines for radiofrequency exposures were only developed to protect healthy adult males from
periodic 6 minute exposures. They were not designed to protect the general population against chronic
exposures. How much evidence will be needed before we apply the precautionary principle?
For other EMF bibliographies see: http://www.scribd.com/collections/3440803/Electrosmog-
Bibiographies
New: (added 20 June)
Baste V, Moen BE, Oftedal G, Strand LA, Bjørge L, Mild KH. (2012). Pregnancy outcomes after paternal
radiofrequency field exposure aboard fast patrol boats. J Occup Environ Med.54(4):431-8.
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed?term=22354128
Christ A, Guldimann R, Buhlmann B, Zefferer M, Bakker JF, van Rhoon GC, Kuster N. (2012). Exposure
of the Human Body to Professional and Domestic Induction Cooktops Compared to the Basic
Restrictions, Bioelectromagnetics. 2012 Jun 1. [Epub ahead of print]
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22674188
1. Afromeev VI, Tkachenko VN, (1999). [Change in the percent of lactate dehydrogenase
isoenzyme level in testes of animals exposed to superhigh frequency radiation] Biofizika
44(5):931-932 [Article in Russian] http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10624539
2. Agarwal A, Deepinder, F. Sharma RK, Ranga G. & J. Li. (2008). Effect of cell phone usage
on semen analysis in men attending infertility clinic: an observational study, Fertil Steril. 89
(1):124-128. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17482179
3. Agarwal A, Desai NR, Ruffoli R, Carpi A. (2008). Lifestyle and testicular dysfunction: A
brief review. Biomed Pharmacother. 62(8):550-553.
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18771892
4. Agarwal A, NR. Desai, K Makker, A Varghese, R Mouradi, E Sabanegh, and R Sharma
(2009). Effects of radiofrequency electromagnetic waves (RF-EMW) from cellular phones
on human ejaculated semen: an in vitro pilot study. Fertil Steril. 92(4):1318-25.
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/ 18804757
5. Agarwal A, Singh A and Hamada A (2011):Cell phones and male infertility: review of
recent innovations in technology and consequences. International Brazilian Journal of
Andrology Vol. 37 (4): 432-454.
http://www.brazjurol.com.br/july_august_2011/Agarwal_432_454.htm
6. Aghdam Shahryar H, A.R. Lotfi, M. Bahojb and A.R. Karami (2008). Effects of
Electromagnetic Fields of Cellular Phone on Cortisol and Testosterone Hormones Rate in
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Electrosmog and Reproduction Updated 20 June 2012
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Syrian Hamsters (Mesocricetus auratus). International Journal of Zoological Research, 4:
230-233. http://scialert.net/abstract/?doi=ijzr.2008.230.233
7. Ahangarpour A, Fathi-Moghaddam H, Birgani MJ, Shahbazian H, Badavi M. (2009).
Hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis responses of the male rats to short and long time
alternative magnetic fields (50 Hz) exposure. J Res Med Sci.14(4):231-8.
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21772889
8. Aitken RJ, Bennetts LE, Sawyer D, Wiklendt AM, King BV. (2005). Impact of radio
frequency electromagnetic radiation on DNA integrity in the male germline. Int. J. Androl
28: 171–179. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15910543
9. Akdag Z, Celik MS, Ketani A, Nergiz Y, Deniz M, Dasdag S (1999). Effect of chronic low-
intensity microwave radiation on sperm count, sperm morphology, and testicular and
epididymal tissues of rats. Electro Magnetobiol 18 (2): 133 – 145 http://www.emf-
portal.de/viewer.php?sform=&fb=yes&aid=9425&l=e
10. Aldad TS, G Gan, XB Gao, HS Taylor. (2012). Fetal Radiofrequency Radiation Exposure
From 800-1900 Mhz-Rated Cellular Telephones Affects Neurodevelopment and Behavior in
Mice. Scientific Reports. 2: 312 7 p
http://www.nature.com/srep/2012/120315/srep00312/pdf/srep00312.pdf
11. Algers B, K. Hennichs (1983). Biological effects of electromagnetic fields. A review. Vet.
Res. Commun. 6: 265–279. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6359665
12. Andrienko LG, Dumanskiĭ IuD, Rudichenko VF, Meleshko GI. (1977). [Effect of industrial-
frequency electromagnetic fields on the spermatogenic function].Vrach Delo. 9:116-8.
[Article in Russian]. No abstract available. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/919464
13. Anselmo, CWSF., PB Pereira, MTJA. Catanho and MC Medeiros, (2007). Effects of the
electromagnetic field, 60 Hz, 3 μT, on the hormonal and metabolic regulation of
undernourished pregnant rats. Braz. J. Biol., 69: 397-404.
http://www.scielo.br/pdf/bjb/v69n2/24.pdf
14. Avendaño C, Mata A, Sanchez Sarmiento CA, Doncel GF. (2012). Use of laptop computers
connected to internet through Wi-Fi decreases human sperm motility and increases sperm
DNA fragmentation. Fertility and Sterility. 97(1):39-45.e2
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22112647
15. Avendaño, C; A. Mata; A.M. Juarez Villanueva; V.S. Martínez; C.A. Sanchez Sarmiento
(2010). Laptop expositions affect motility and induce DNA fragmentation in human
spermatozoa in vitro by a nonthermal effect: a preliminary report. Fertility and Sterility. 94
(4), Supplement, pg. S73-S73 http://www.safeschool.ca/uploads/Laptop_Expositions.pdf
16. Bas O, Odaci E, Mollaoglu H, Ucok K, Kaplan S. (2009). Chronic prenatal exposure to the
900 megahertz electromagnetic field induces pyramidal cell loss in the hippocampus of
newborn rats. Toxicol Ind Health . 25(6). 377 – 384.
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19671630
17. Baste V, Riise T and BE Moen (2008). Radiofrequency electromagnetic fields; male
infertility and sex ratio of offspring Eur J Epidemiol. 23(5):369–377
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18415687
18. Baste V, Moen BE, Oftedal G, Strand LA, Bjørge L, Mild KH. (2012). Pregnancy outcomes
after paternal radiofrequency field exposure aboard fast patrol boats. J Occup Environ
Med.54(4):431-8. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed?term=22354128
19. Bastide M, B.J. Youbicier-Simoa, J.C. Lebecq, J. Giaimis. (2001). Toxicologic study of
electromagnetic radiation emitted by television and video display screens and cellular
telephones on chickens and mice, Indoor Built Environ. 10: 291–298.
http://www.iirec.co.il/Data/FilesUploads/Bastide_Youbicier.pdf
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Electrosmog and Reproduction Updated 20 June 2012
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20. Batellier F, Couty I, Picard D, Brillard JP. (2008). Effects of exposing chicken eggs to a cell
phone in "call" position over the entire incubation period. Theriogenology. 69 (6):737-45.
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18255134?dopt=Abstract
21. Bayat PD, Ghanbari A, Saeid B, Khazaei M, Ghorbani R, Ayubian M. (2011). Effect of
exposure to extremely low electro-magnetic field during prenatal period on mice spleen.
Indian J Exp Biol. 49(8):634-8. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21870432?
dopt=Abstract
22. Belanger, K., Leaderer, B., Hellenbrand, K., Holford, T.R., McSharry, J-E., Power, M-E,
and Bracken, M.B. (1998). Spontaneous abortion and exposure to electric blankets and
heated water beds. Epidemiology, 9: 36-42 http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9430266
23. Bellieni CV, Pinto I, Bogi A, Zoppetti N, Andreuccetti D, Buonocore G (2012). Exposure to
electromagnetic fields from laptop use of "laptop" computers. Archives of Environmental &
Occupational Health 67(1):31-6. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed?term=22315933
24. Beraldi R, Sciamanna I, Mangiacasale R, Lorenzini R, Spadafora C. (2003). Mouse early
embryos obtained by natural breeding or in vitro fertilization display a differential
sensitivity to extremely low-frequency electromagnetic fields. Mutat Res. 538(1-2):163-70.
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12834765
25. Bereznitskaya AN, Rysina TZ. (1973). Effects of Microwaves. In Biological Effects of
Radiofrequency Electromagnetic Fields, Z.V. Gordon, ed., Arlington, Va., U.S. Joint
Publications Research Service No. 6332l, pp.230-236. ).
http://www.magdahavas.com/wordpress/wp-
content/uploads/2010/10/Russian_Biological_Effects_of_Radiofrequency_Electromagnetic_
Fields.pdf
26. Bereznitskaya AN, Rysina TZ. (1973). Effects of Microwaves. In Biological Effects of
Radiofrequency Electromagnetic Fields, Z.V. Gordon, ed., Arlington, Va., U.S. Joint
Publications Research Service No. 6332l, pp.230-236. ).
http://www.magdahavas.com/wordpress/wp-
content/uploads/2010/10/Russian_Biological_Effects_of_Radiofrequency_Electromagnetic_
Fields.pdf
27. Bereznitskaya AN. (1968). [Certain indices of fertility in female mice irradiated with 10-
centimeter waves]. Gig Tr Prof Zabol. 12(9):33-7. [Article in Russian] No Abstract.
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/5731624
28. Bereznitskaya, A. N. and Rysina, T. Z. (1974). Embryotropic Effects of Microwaves. In:
Biological Effects of Radiofrequency Electromagnetic Fields, Gordon, Z. V.,editor.
Arlington, Va., U.S. Joint Pub.Research Service, 1974, pp. 230-36..
http://www.magdahavas.com/wordpress/wp-
content/uploads/2010/10/Russian_Biological_Effects_of_Radiofrequency_Electromagnetic_
Fields.pdf
29. Bereznitskaya, A. N., and Kazhokov, I.M (1974). Studies on the Reproduction and
Testicular Microstructure of Mice Exposed to Microwaves. In: Biological Effects of
Radiofrequency Electromagnetic Fields, Gordon, Z. V., editor. Arlington, Va., U.S. Joint
Pub. Research Service, 1974, pp. 221-29. http://www.magdahavas.com/wordpress/wp-
content/uploads/2010/10/Russian_Biological_Effects_of_Radiofrequency_Electromagnetic_
Fields.pdf
30. Bereznitskaya, A.N. and I.M. Kazbekov (1974). Studies on the Reproduction and Testicular
Microstructure of Mice Exposed to Microwaves. In Biological Effects of Radiofrequency
Electromagnetic Fields, Z.V. Gordon, ed., Arlington, Va., U.S. Joint Publications Research
Service No. 6332l, pp. 221-229 (1974). http://www.magdahavas.com/wordpress/wp-
content/uploads/2010/10/Russian_Biological_Effects_of_Radiofrequency_Electromagnetic_
Fields.pdf
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Electrosmog and Reproduction Updated 20 June 2012
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31. Berman E, Carter HB and House D. 1984: “Growth and development of mice offspring after
irradiation in utero with 2,450-MHz microwaves”. Teratology. 30(3):393-402.
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6515565
32. Berman E, Carter HB, House D. (1982). Reduced weight in mice offspring after in utero
exposure to 2450-MHz (CW) microwaves. Bioelectromagnetics3(2): 285-291.
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7126279
33. Berman E, Carter HB. (1984). Decreased body weight in fetal rats after irradiation with
2450-MHz (CW) microwaves. Health Phys 46: 537–542.
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6698781
34. Berman E, Kinn JB, and Carter HB (1978). Observations of mouse fetuses after irradiation
with 2.45 GHz microwaves, Health Physics, 35, pp. 791-801
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/738884 and http://journals.lww.com/health-
physics/Abstract/1978/12000/Observations_of_Mouse_Fetuses_After_Irradiation.6.aspx
35. Berman, E.L., Chacon, D., House, B., Koch, A., et al. (1990). Development of chicken
embryos in a pulsed magnetic field. Bioelectromagnetics 11:169–187
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2242052
36. Bernabò N, Tettamanti E, Russo V, Martelli A, Turriani M, Mattoli M, Barboni B. (2010).
Extremely low frequency electromagnetic field exposure affects fertilization outcome in
swine animal model. Theriogenology. 73(9):1293-305.
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20176397
37. Bernabo N., Tettamanti E., Pistilli M.G., Nardinocchi D., Berardinelli P., Mattioli M.,
Barboni B. (2007). Effects of 50 Hz extremely low frequency magnetic field on the
morphology and function of boar spermatozoa capacitated in vitro.
Theriogenology, 67 (4), pp. 801-815 http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17196643
38. Blaasaas K, T Tynes, A Irgens, R Lie (2002). Risk of birth defects by parental occupational
exposure to 50 Hz electromagnetic fields: a population based study Occup Environ Med.
59(2): 92–97. doi: 10.1136/oem.59.2.92
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1740256/
39. Blackman CF, House DE, Benane SG, Joines WT, Spiegel RJ. (1988). Effect of ambient
levels of power-line-frequency electric fields on a developing vertebrate.
Bioelectromagnetics ;9(2):129–140 http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3377861
40. Blackman CF. (2006). Can EMF exposure during development leave an imprint later in life?
Electromagn Biol Med. 25(4):217-25. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17178582
41. Blackman, C. (2009).Cell phone radiation: Evidence from ELF and RF studies supporting
more inclusive risk identification and assessment. Pathophysiology.16. 205-216.
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19264460
42. Borhani N, Rajaei F, Salehi Z, Javadi A. (2011). Analysis of DNA fragmentation in mouse
embryos exposed to an extremely low-frequency electromagnetic field. Electromagn Biol
Med. 30(4):246-52. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22047462
43. Brent RL,WE Gordon, WR Bennett, DA. Beckman (1993). Reproductive and teratologic
effects of electromagnetic fields. Reprod. Toxicol. 7: 535–580.
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8118107
44. Brown-Woodman PD, Hadley JA, Waterhouse J, Webster WS. (1988). Teratogenic effects
of exposure to radiofrequency radiation (27.12 MHz) from a shortwave diathermy unit. Ind
Health. 26(1):1-10. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3283078
45. Brown-Woodman, PDC, Hadley, JA, Richardson L., Bright D. and Porter D. (1989).
Evaluation of reproductive function of female rats exposed to radiofrequency field (27.12
MHz) near a shortwave diathermy device. Health Physics 56(4): 521-525.
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed?term=2925391
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46. Brugh VM and Lipshultz LI (2004). Male factor infertility: evaluation and management.
Med. Clin. North Am. 88(2): 367–85. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15049583
47. Budak GG, Muluk NB, Budak B, Oztürk GG, Apan A, Seyhan N. (2009). Effects of
intrauterine and extrauterine exposure to GSM-like radiofrequency on distortion product
otoacoustic emissions in infant male rabbits. Int J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol. 73: 391-99.
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19108901
48. Buiatti E, Barchielli A, Geddes M, Nastasi L, Kriebel D, Franchini M, Scarselli G. (1984).
Risk factors in male infertility: a case-control study. Arch Environ Health. 39(4):266-70.
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6497442
49. Cairnie AB, Harding RK (1981). Cytological studies in mouse testis irradiated with 2.45-
GHz continuous-wave microwaves. Radiat Res 87(1):100-8.
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7255665
50. California EMF Risk Evaluation (2002): Final Report. Chapter 13: Miscarriage.
http://www.ehib.org/emf/RiskEvaluation/Chapter13.pdf
51. Cameron IL, Hardman WE, Winters WD, Zimmerman S, Zimmerman AM. (1993).
Environmental magnetic fields: influences on early embryogenesis. J Cell Biochem.
51(4):417-25 http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8496244
52. Cao, YN; Y Zhang, Y Liu (2006). [Effects of exposure to extremely low frequency
electromagnetic fields on reproduction of female mice and development of offsprings].
Zhonghua Lao Dong Wei Sheng Zhi Ye Bing Za Zhi 24 (8): 468-70 [Article in Chinese].
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16978513
53. Celik O, Hascalik S. (2004). Effect of electromagnetic field emitted by cellular phones on
foetal heart rate patterns. Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol 112(1): 55-6.
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/14687739
54. Celik S, Aridogan IA, Izol V, Erdogan S, Polat S, Doran S (2011). An evaluation of the
effects of long-term cell phone use on the testes via light and electron microscope analysis.
Urology: 79(2): 346-50.
http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0090429511025933
55. Chación L, M. A. Trillo, A. Ubeda, J. Leal (1990). A 30-HZ Pulsed Magnetic Field Can
Stop Early Embryonic Development. Electromagnetic Biology and Medicine 9(1): 61–66.
http://informahealthcare.com/doi/abs/10.3109/15368379009027760
56. Chavdoula ED, Panagopoulos DJ, Margaritis LH. (2010). Comparison of biological effects
between continuous and intermittent exposure to GSM-900-MHz mobile phone radiation:
Detection of apoptotic cell-death features. Mutat Res. 700(1-2):51-61.
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20472095
57. Chen HY, Wang SM, Peng RY, Gao YB, Wang LF, Zhao L, Zuo HY, Dong J, Su ZT:
(2011). [Long-term microwave radiation affects male reproduction in rats]. Zhonghua
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http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21485541
58. Cherry, N. (2002). Reproductive effects from EMF/EMR exposure. Open access report:
http://www.neilcherry.com/documents/90_s7_EMR_Reproductive_Review_effects.pdf
59. Chia SE, Tay SK. (2001). Occupational risk for male infertility: a case-control study of 218
infertile and 227 fertile men. J Occup Environ Med 43: 946–51.
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60. Chiang‌ H and G. D. Yao‌ (1987). Effects of Pulsed Microwave Radiation Pre-and Post-
natally on the Developing Brain in Mice. Electromagnetic Biology and Medicine. 6(2): 197-
204 http://informahealthcare.com/doi/abs/10.3109/15368378709027739
61. Chiang H, Wu RY, Shao BJ, Fu YD, Yao GD, Lu DJ. (1995). Pulsed magnetic field from
video display terminals enhances teratogenic effects of cytosine arabinoside in mice.
Bioelectromagnetics. 16(1):70-4. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7748205
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62. Christ A, Guldimann R, Buhlmann B, Zefferer M, Bakker JF, van Rhoon GC, Kuster N.
Exposure of the Human Body to Professional and Domestic Induction Cooktops Compared
to the Basic Restrictions, Bioelectromagnetics. 2012 Jun 1. [Epub ahead of print]
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22674188
63. Cobb BL, Jauchem JR, Mason PA, Dooley MP, Miller SA, Ziriax JM, Murphy MR,(2000).
Neural and behavioral teratological evaluation of rats exposed to ultra-wideband
electromagnetic fields. Bioelectromagnetics 21(7):524-537.
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11015117
64. Cocozza, G., A. Blasio, and B. Nunziata (1960): [Remarks on short-wave embryopathies].
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66. Dasdag S, Ketani MA, Akdag Z. Ersay AR. Sari, I. Demirtas OC, Celik MS. (1999). Whole-
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69. De Iuliis GN, Newey RJ, King BV, Aitken RJ. (2009). Mobile phone radiation induces
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70. De Roos, A.J., Teschke, K., Savitz, D.A., Poole, C., Grufferman, S., Pollock, B.H. and
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71. De Vita R, Cavallo D, Raganella L, Eleuteri P, Grollino MG, Calugi A. (1995). Effects of
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72. Deepinder F, Makker K, Agarwal A. (2007). Cell phones and male infertility: dissecting the
relationship. Reprod Biomed Online.15(3):266-70.
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73. De-Kun Li, Roxana Odouli, S Wi, T Janevic, I Golditch, TD Bracken, R Senior, R Rankin,
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74. Delgado JM, Leal J, Monteagudo JL, Gracia MG (1982). Embryological changes induced
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75. Derias EM, Stefanis P, Drakeley A, Gazvani R, Lewis-Jones DI. (2006). Growing concern
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76. Desai NR, Kesari KK, Agarwal A. (2009). Pathophysiology of cell phone radiation:
oxidative stress and carcinogenesis with focus on male reproductive system, Reprod Biol
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77. Dimitrova M, Dobrev B, Kiriakov K, Kirkov V, Panova Z (1982). [Effect of wide-band
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80. Dundar B., Cesur G., Comlekci S., Songur A., Caliskan S., et al .(2009). The Effect of
Prenatal and Post-Natal Long-Term Exposure To 50 Hz Electric Field On Growth, Pubertal
Development And Igf-1 Levels in Female Wistar Rats. Toxicol Ind. Health. Vol. 25, Pg. 479
– 487. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19783573
81. Eckert EE.(1976). [Plötzlicher und underwarteter Tod im Kleinkindesalter und
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82. Environmental Health Criteria 16 (1981): Radiofrequency and Microwaves, WHO, Geneva,
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83. Erogul, E. Oztas, I. Yildirim, T. Kir, E. Aydur, G. Komesli, H.C. Irkilata, M.K. Irmak, A.F.
Peker (2006). Effects of electromagnetic radiation from a cellular phone on human sperm
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84. Esmekaya MA, Ozer C, Seyhan N. (2011). 900 MHz pulse-modulated radiofrequency
radiation induces oxidative stress on heart, lung, testis and liver tissues. Gen Physiol
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85. Falugi , M Grattarola, G Prestipino (1987). Effects of low-intensity pulsed electromagnetic
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309. Zareen, N. Khan, M Yunus. Minhas, L A. (2009). Derangement of chick embryo retinal
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Electrosmog and Reproduction Updated 20 June 2012
______________________________________________________________________
310. Zhang Q, F. L. Tabrah, G. C. Whittow (1993). Effect of 60-HZ Sinusoidal Electromagnetic
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Medicine 12(1): 27-37. http://informahealthcare.com/doi/abs/10.3109/15368379309012860
311. Zusman I., Yaffe P, Pinus H, Ornoy A. (1990). Effects of pulsing electromagnetic fields on
the prenatal and postnatal development in mice and rats. Teratology. 42(2):157-70.
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2218943
The Electrosmog Bibliography Collection also contains:
Autism (10 References)
Blood Brain Barrier (47 References)
Breast Cancer (77 References)
Cataracts (61 References)
Hearing (39 References)
Headaches (48 References)
Base Stations, TV and radio masts, Power lines (92 References)
Depression and suicide (48 References)
Male fertility (135 References)
Prenatal Effects (166 References)
Wildlife (149 References)
Other EMF-related Scribd collections which may be of interest include:
http://www.scribd.com/my_document_collections/3228470 (Conflict of interest in science)
http://www.scribd.com/my_document_collections/3228507 (Electrosmog and wildlife)
http://www.scribd.com/my_document_collections/3222035 (Electrosensitivity)
http://www.scribd.com/my_document_collections/3221670 (Electrosmog and male fertility)
http://www.scribd.com/my_document_collections/3222195 (The precautionary principle)
http://www.scribd.com/my_document_collections/3220833 (EMF-related health risks)
http://www.scribd.com/my_document_collections/3651795 (2012 research - mobile phones, wifi)
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87616542 electrosmog-fertility-and-reproduction-312-references

  • 1. Electrosmog and Reproduction Updated 20 June 2012 ______________________________________________________________________ Homework Help https://www.homeworkping.com/ Research Paper help https://www.homeworkping.com/ Online Tutoring https://www.homeworkping.com/ Here are 309 references linking electrosmog with adverse reproductive effects. The current ICNIRP’s safety guidelines for radiofrequency exposures were only developed to protect healthy adult males from periodic 6 minute exposures. They were not designed to protect the general population against chronic exposures. How much evidence will be needed before we apply the precautionary principle? For other EMF bibliographies see: http://www.scribd.com/collections/3440803/Electrosmog- Bibiographies New: (added 20 June) Baste V, Moen BE, Oftedal G, Strand LA, Bjørge L, Mild KH. (2012). Pregnancy outcomes after paternal radiofrequency field exposure aboard fast patrol boats. J Occup Environ Med.54(4):431-8. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed?term=22354128 Christ A, Guldimann R, Buhlmann B, Zefferer M, Bakker JF, van Rhoon GC, Kuster N. (2012). Exposure of the Human Body to Professional and Domestic Induction Cooktops Compared to the Basic Restrictions, Bioelectromagnetics. 2012 Jun 1. [Epub ahead of print] http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22674188 1. Afromeev VI, Tkachenko VN, (1999). [Change in the percent of lactate dehydrogenase isoenzyme level in testes of animals exposed to superhigh frequency radiation] Biofizika 44(5):931-932 [Article in Russian] http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10624539 2. Agarwal A, Deepinder, F. Sharma RK, Ranga G. & J. Li. (2008). Effect of cell phone usage on semen analysis in men attending infertility clinic: an observational study, Fertil Steril. 89 (1):124-128. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17482179 3. Agarwal A, Desai NR, Ruffoli R, Carpi A. (2008). Lifestyle and testicular dysfunction: A brief review. Biomed Pharmacother. 62(8):550-553. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18771892 4. Agarwal A, NR. Desai, K Makker, A Varghese, R Mouradi, E Sabanegh, and R Sharma (2009). Effects of radiofrequency electromagnetic waves (RF-EMW) from cellular phones on human ejaculated semen: an in vitro pilot study. Fertil Steril. 92(4):1318-25. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/ 18804757 5. Agarwal A, Singh A and Hamada A (2011):Cell phones and male infertility: review of recent innovations in technology and consequences. International Brazilian Journal of Andrology Vol. 37 (4): 432-454. http://www.brazjurol.com.br/july_august_2011/Agarwal_432_454.htm 6. Aghdam Shahryar H, A.R. Lotfi, M. Bahojb and A.R. Karami (2008). Effects of Electromagnetic Fields of Cellular Phone on Cortisol and Testosterone Hormones Rate in - 1 -
  • 2. Electrosmog and Reproduction Updated 20 June 2012 ______________________________________________________________________ Syrian Hamsters (Mesocricetus auratus). International Journal of Zoological Research, 4: 230-233. http://scialert.net/abstract/?doi=ijzr.2008.230.233 7. Ahangarpour A, Fathi-Moghaddam H, Birgani MJ, Shahbazian H, Badavi M. (2009). Hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis responses of the male rats to short and long time alternative magnetic fields (50 Hz) exposure. J Res Med Sci.14(4):231-8. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21772889 8. Aitken RJ, Bennetts LE, Sawyer D, Wiklendt AM, King BV. (2005). Impact of radio frequency electromagnetic radiation on DNA integrity in the male germline. Int. J. Androl 28: 171–179. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15910543 9. Akdag Z, Celik MS, Ketani A, Nergiz Y, Deniz M, Dasdag S (1999). Effect of chronic low- intensity microwave radiation on sperm count, sperm morphology, and testicular and epididymal tissues of rats. Electro Magnetobiol 18 (2): 133 – 145 http://www.emf- portal.de/viewer.php?sform=&fb=yes&aid=9425&l=e 10. Aldad TS, G Gan, XB Gao, HS Taylor. (2012). Fetal Radiofrequency Radiation Exposure From 800-1900 Mhz-Rated Cellular Telephones Affects Neurodevelopment and Behavior in Mice. Scientific Reports. 2: 312 7 p http://www.nature.com/srep/2012/120315/srep00312/pdf/srep00312.pdf 11. Algers B, K. Hennichs (1983). Biological effects of electromagnetic fields. A review. Vet. Res. Commun. 6: 265–279. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6359665 12. Andrienko LG, Dumanskiĭ IuD, Rudichenko VF, Meleshko GI. (1977). [Effect of industrial- frequency electromagnetic fields on the spermatogenic function].Vrach Delo. 9:116-8. [Article in Russian]. No abstract available. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/919464 13. Anselmo, CWSF., PB Pereira, MTJA. Catanho and MC Medeiros, (2007). Effects of the electromagnetic field, 60 Hz, 3 μT, on the hormonal and metabolic regulation of undernourished pregnant rats. Braz. J. Biol., 69: 397-404. http://www.scielo.br/pdf/bjb/v69n2/24.pdf 14. Avendaño C, Mata A, Sanchez Sarmiento CA, Doncel GF. (2012). Use of laptop computers connected to internet through Wi-Fi decreases human sperm motility and increases sperm DNA fragmentation. Fertility and Sterility. 97(1):39-45.e2 http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22112647 15. Avendaño, C; A. Mata; A.M. Juarez Villanueva; V.S. Martínez; C.A. Sanchez Sarmiento (2010). Laptop expositions affect motility and induce DNA fragmentation in human spermatozoa in vitro by a nonthermal effect: a preliminary report. Fertility and Sterility. 94 (4), Supplement, pg. S73-S73 http://www.safeschool.ca/uploads/Laptop_Expositions.pdf 16. Bas O, Odaci E, Mollaoglu H, Ucok K, Kaplan S. (2009). Chronic prenatal exposure to the 900 megahertz electromagnetic field induces pyramidal cell loss in the hippocampus of newborn rats. Toxicol Ind Health . 25(6). 377 – 384. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19671630 17. Baste V, Riise T and BE Moen (2008). Radiofrequency electromagnetic fields; male infertility and sex ratio of offspring Eur J Epidemiol. 23(5):369–377 http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18415687 18. Baste V, Moen BE, Oftedal G, Strand LA, Bjørge L, Mild KH. (2012). Pregnancy outcomes after paternal radiofrequency field exposure aboard fast patrol boats. J Occup Environ Med.54(4):431-8. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed?term=22354128 19. Bastide M, B.J. Youbicier-Simoa, J.C. Lebecq, J. Giaimis. (2001). Toxicologic study of electromagnetic radiation emitted by television and video display screens and cellular telephones on chickens and mice, Indoor Built Environ. 10: 291–298. http://www.iirec.co.il/Data/FilesUploads/Bastide_Youbicier.pdf - 2 -
  • 3. Electrosmog and Reproduction Updated 20 June 2012 ______________________________________________________________________ 20. Batellier F, Couty I, Picard D, Brillard JP. (2008). Effects of exposing chicken eggs to a cell phone in "call" position over the entire incubation period. Theriogenology. 69 (6):737-45. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18255134?dopt=Abstract 21. Bayat PD, Ghanbari A, Saeid B, Khazaei M, Ghorbani R, Ayubian M. (2011). Effect of exposure to extremely low electro-magnetic field during prenatal period on mice spleen. Indian J Exp Biol. 49(8):634-8. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21870432? dopt=Abstract 22. Belanger, K., Leaderer, B., Hellenbrand, K., Holford, T.R., McSharry, J-E., Power, M-E, and Bracken, M.B. (1998). Spontaneous abortion and exposure to electric blankets and heated water beds. Epidemiology, 9: 36-42 http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9430266 23. Bellieni CV, Pinto I, Bogi A, Zoppetti N, Andreuccetti D, Buonocore G (2012). Exposure to electromagnetic fields from laptop use of "laptop" computers. Archives of Environmental & Occupational Health 67(1):31-6. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed?term=22315933 24. Beraldi R, Sciamanna I, Mangiacasale R, Lorenzini R, Spadafora C. (2003). Mouse early embryos obtained by natural breeding or in vitro fertilization display a differential sensitivity to extremely low-frequency electromagnetic fields. Mutat Res. 538(1-2):163-70. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12834765 25. Bereznitskaya AN, Rysina TZ. (1973). Effects of Microwaves. In Biological Effects of Radiofrequency Electromagnetic Fields, Z.V. Gordon, ed., Arlington, Va., U.S. Joint Publications Research Service No. 6332l, pp.230-236. ). http://www.magdahavas.com/wordpress/wp- content/uploads/2010/10/Russian_Biological_Effects_of_Radiofrequency_Electromagnetic_ Fields.pdf 26. Bereznitskaya AN, Rysina TZ. (1973). Effects of Microwaves. In Biological Effects of Radiofrequency Electromagnetic Fields, Z.V. Gordon, ed., Arlington, Va., U.S. Joint Publications Research Service No. 6332l, pp.230-236. ). http://www.magdahavas.com/wordpress/wp- content/uploads/2010/10/Russian_Biological_Effects_of_Radiofrequency_Electromagnetic_ Fields.pdf 27. Bereznitskaya AN. (1968). [Certain indices of fertility in female mice irradiated with 10- centimeter waves]. Gig Tr Prof Zabol. 12(9):33-7. [Article in Russian] No Abstract. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/5731624 28. Bereznitskaya, A. N. and Rysina, T. Z. (1974). Embryotropic Effects of Microwaves. In: Biological Effects of Radiofrequency Electromagnetic Fields, Gordon, Z. V.,editor. Arlington, Va., U.S. Joint Pub.Research Service, 1974, pp. 230-36.. http://www.magdahavas.com/wordpress/wp- content/uploads/2010/10/Russian_Biological_Effects_of_Radiofrequency_Electromagnetic_ Fields.pdf 29. Bereznitskaya, A. N., and Kazhokov, I.M (1974). Studies on the Reproduction and Testicular Microstructure of Mice Exposed to Microwaves. In: Biological Effects of Radiofrequency Electromagnetic Fields, Gordon, Z. V., editor. Arlington, Va., U.S. Joint Pub. Research Service, 1974, pp. 221-29. http://www.magdahavas.com/wordpress/wp- content/uploads/2010/10/Russian_Biological_Effects_of_Radiofrequency_Electromagnetic_ Fields.pdf 30. Bereznitskaya, A.N. and I.M. Kazbekov (1974). Studies on the Reproduction and Testicular Microstructure of Mice Exposed to Microwaves. In Biological Effects of Radiofrequency Electromagnetic Fields, Z.V. Gordon, ed., Arlington, Va., U.S. Joint Publications Research Service No. 6332l, pp. 221-229 (1974). http://www.magdahavas.com/wordpress/wp- content/uploads/2010/10/Russian_Biological_Effects_of_Radiofrequency_Electromagnetic_ Fields.pdf - 3 -
  • 4. Electrosmog and Reproduction Updated 20 June 2012 ______________________________________________________________________ 31. Berman E, Carter HB and House D. 1984: “Growth and development of mice offspring after irradiation in utero with 2,450-MHz microwaves”. Teratology. 30(3):393-402. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6515565 32. Berman E, Carter HB, House D. (1982). Reduced weight in mice offspring after in utero exposure to 2450-MHz (CW) microwaves. Bioelectromagnetics3(2): 285-291. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7126279 33. Berman E, Carter HB. (1984). Decreased body weight in fetal rats after irradiation with 2450-MHz (CW) microwaves. Health Phys 46: 537–542. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6698781 34. Berman E, Kinn JB, and Carter HB (1978). Observations of mouse fetuses after irradiation with 2.45 GHz microwaves, Health Physics, 35, pp. 791-801 http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/738884 and http://journals.lww.com/health- physics/Abstract/1978/12000/Observations_of_Mouse_Fetuses_After_Irradiation.6.aspx 35. Berman, E.L., Chacon, D., House, B., Koch, A., et al. (1990). Development of chicken embryos in a pulsed magnetic field. Bioelectromagnetics 11:169–187 http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2242052 36. Bernabò N, Tettamanti E, Russo V, Martelli A, Turriani M, Mattoli M, Barboni B. (2010). Extremely low frequency electromagnetic field exposure affects fertilization outcome in swine animal model. Theriogenology. 73(9):1293-305. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20176397 37. Bernabo N., Tettamanti E., Pistilli M.G., Nardinocchi D., Berardinelli P., Mattioli M., Barboni B. (2007). Effects of 50 Hz extremely low frequency magnetic field on the morphology and function of boar spermatozoa capacitated in vitro. Theriogenology, 67 (4), pp. 801-815 http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17196643 38. Blaasaas K, T Tynes, A Irgens, R Lie (2002). Risk of birth defects by parental occupational exposure to 50 Hz electromagnetic fields: a population based study Occup Environ Med. 59(2): 92–97. doi: 10.1136/oem.59.2.92 http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1740256/ 39. Blackman CF, House DE, Benane SG, Joines WT, Spiegel RJ. (1988). Effect of ambient levels of power-line-frequency electric fields on a developing vertebrate. Bioelectromagnetics ;9(2):129–140 http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3377861 40. Blackman CF. (2006). Can EMF exposure during development leave an imprint later in life? Electromagn Biol Med. 25(4):217-25. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17178582 41. Blackman, C. (2009).Cell phone radiation: Evidence from ELF and RF studies supporting more inclusive risk identification and assessment. Pathophysiology.16. 205-216. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19264460 42. Borhani N, Rajaei F, Salehi Z, Javadi A. (2011). Analysis of DNA fragmentation in mouse embryos exposed to an extremely low-frequency electromagnetic field. Electromagn Biol Med. 30(4):246-52. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22047462 43. Brent RL,WE Gordon, WR Bennett, DA. Beckman (1993). Reproductive and teratologic effects of electromagnetic fields. Reprod. Toxicol. 7: 535–580. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8118107 44. Brown-Woodman PD, Hadley JA, Waterhouse J, Webster WS. (1988). Teratogenic effects of exposure to radiofrequency radiation (27.12 MHz) from a shortwave diathermy unit. Ind Health. 26(1):1-10. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3283078 45. Brown-Woodman, PDC, Hadley, JA, Richardson L., Bright D. and Porter D. (1989). Evaluation of reproductive function of female rats exposed to radiofrequency field (27.12 MHz) near a shortwave diathermy device. Health Physics 56(4): 521-525. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed?term=2925391 - 4 -
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  • 6. Electrosmog and Reproduction Updated 20 June 2012 ______________________________________________________________________ 62. Christ A, Guldimann R, Buhlmann B, Zefferer M, Bakker JF, van Rhoon GC, Kuster N. Exposure of the Human Body to Professional and Domestic Induction Cooktops Compared to the Basic Restrictions, Bioelectromagnetics. 2012 Jun 1. [Epub ahead of print] http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22674188 63. Cobb BL, Jauchem JR, Mason PA, Dooley MP, Miller SA, Ziriax JM, Murphy MR,(2000). Neural and behavioral teratological evaluation of rats exposed to ultra-wideband electromagnetic fields. Bioelectromagnetics 21(7):524-537. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11015117 64. Cocozza, G., A. Blasio, and B. Nunziata (1960): [Remarks on short-wave embryopathies]. Pediatria (Napoli). 68 (1): 7-23 [Article in Italian. No abstract]. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed?term=13810837 65. Colt JS and Blair A. (1998). Parental occupational exposures and risk of childhood cancer. Environ Health Perspect. 106 Suppl 3: 909-925. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9646055 http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1533069/?tool=pubmed 66. Dasdag S, Ketani MA, Akdag Z. Ersay AR. Sari, I. Demirtas OC, Celik MS. (1999). Whole- body microwave exposure emitted by cellular phones and testicular function of rats. Urol Res. 27(3):219-23. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10422825 67. Daşdag S, MZ Akdag, O Ayyıldız, ÖC Demirtaş, M Yayla, C Sert. (2000). Do cellular phones alter blood parameters and birth weight of rats? Electromagnetic Biology and Medicine 19(1): 107-113. http://informahealthcare.com/doi/abs/10.1081/JBC-100100301 68. Davoudi M, Brossner C, Kuber W. (2002). Der Einfluß elektromagnetischer Wellen auf die Spermienmotilität [The influence of electromagnetic waves on sperm motility]. Journal fur Urologie und Urogynakologie. 19:18-22 http://www.emf-portal.de/viewer.php? aid=9854&l=g 69. De Iuliis GN, Newey RJ, King BV, Aitken RJ. (2009). Mobile phone radiation induces reactive oxygen species production and DNA damage in human spermatozoa in vitro, PLoS One.4(7):e6446 http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19649291 70. De Roos, A.J., Teschke, K., Savitz, D.A., Poole, C., Grufferman, S., Pollock, B.H. and Olsham, A.F. (2001). Parental occupational exposures to electromagnetic fields and radiation and the incidence of Neuroblastoma in offspring. Epidemiology 12(5): 508-517. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed?term=11505168 71. De Vita R, Cavallo D, Raganella L, Eleuteri P, Grollino MG, Calugi A. (1995). Effects of 50 Hz magnetic fields on mouse spermatogenesis monitored by flow cytometric analysis. Bioelectromagnetics. 16(5):330-4. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8554635 72. Deepinder F, Makker K, Agarwal A. (2007). Cell phones and male infertility: dissecting the relationship. Reprod Biomed Online.15(3):266-70. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17854521 73. De-Kun Li, Roxana Odouli, S Wi, T Janevic, I Golditch, TD Bracken, R Senior, R Rankin, R Iriye (January 2002). A population-based prospective cohort study of personal exposure to magnetic fields during pregnancy and the risk of miscarriage. Epidemiology 13 (1): 9-20 http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11805581 74. Delgado JM, Leal J, Monteagudo JL, Gracia MG (1982). Embryological changes induced by weak, extremely low frequency electromagnetic fields. Journal of Anatomy 134 (3): 533– 51. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/pmid/7107514/?tool=pubmed 75. Derias EM, Stefanis P, Drakeley A, Gazvani R, Lewis-Jones DI. (2006). Growing concern over the safety of using mobile phones and male fertility. Arch Androl. 52(1):9–14. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16338863 - 6 -
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  • 22. Electrosmog and Reproduction Updated 20 June 2012 ______________________________________________________________________ 296. Wdowiak A, Wdowiak L, Wiktor H. (2007). Evaluation of the effect of using mobile phones on male fertility. Ann Agric Environ Med. 14(1):16972 http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17655195 297. Wertheimer N, Leeper E. (1986). Possible effects of electric blankets and heated waterbeds on fetal development. Bioelectromagnetics. 7(1):13-22. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3729998 298. Wertheimer N, Leeper E. (1989). Fetal loss associated with two seasonal sources of electromagnetic field exposure. Am J Epidemiol. 129(1):220-4 http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2910064 299. Weyandt T B, Schrader S M, Truner T W, Simon S D. (1996). Semen analysis of military personnel associated with military duty assignments. Reprod Toxicol. 10: 521-28. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8946566 300. Whittow WG; Panagamuwa, C.J.;Edwards, R.M.and Ma, L. (2008). Indicative SAR Levels due to an active Mobile Phone in a Front Trouser Pocket in Proximity to Common Metallic Objects. Loughborough Antennas & Propagation Conference. 17-18 March 2008. https://dspace.lboro.ac.uk/dspace-jspui/bitstream/2134/3340/1/04516888.pdf 301. Wilkins JR 3rd, and Wellage LC. (1996). Brain tumor risk in offspring of men occupationally exposed to electric and magnetic fields. Scand J Work Environ Health 22(5): 339-345. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed?term=8923606 302. Xenos TD, Magras IN. In (Ed) Stavroulakis P. (2003). Low power density RF-radiation effects on experimental animal embryos and foetuses. Biological Effects of Electromagnetic Radiation.. Springer (ISBN 3-540-42989-1, 793 pages) pp 579 – 602. http://emf- portal.de/viewer.php?aid=16936&l=e 303. Yan JG, M. Agresti, T. Bruce, Y.H. Yan, A. Granlund, H.S. Matloub. (2007). Effects of cellular phone emissions on sperm motility in rats. Fertil. Steril. 88: 957–964. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17628553 304. Yao G, Fu Y, Lu D. (1995). [Effects of pregnant exposure to electromagnetic field emitted by electric blankets on brain catecholamine and behavior in offspring mice]. Zhonghua Yu Fang Yi Xue Za Zhi. 29(1):41-3 [Article in Chinese] http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed? term=7600890%20 305. Ye LL, Suo YS, Cao WL, Chen M. (2007). Radar radiation damages sperm quality, Zhonghua Nan Ke Xue. 13(9): 801-3. [Article in Chinese] http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17929556 306. Yoshida Y, Seto T, Ohsu W, Hayashi S, Okazawa T, Nagase H, Yoshida M, Nakamura H. (1995). [Endocrine mechanism of placental circulatory disturbances induced by microwave in pregnant rats]. Nihon Sanka Fujinka Gakkai Zasshi. 47(2):101-8. [Article in Japanese] http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7706849 307. Zareen N, Khan MY & LA Minhas (2009). Dose Related Shifts In The Developmental Progress Of Chick Embryos Exposed To Mobile Phone Induced Electromagnetic Fields. J Ayub Med Coll Abbottabad 21(1): 130-134. http://ayubmed.edu.pk/JAMC/PAST/21-1/Zareen.pdf 308. Zareen N, Khan MY. (2008). Effect of mobile phone induced electromagnetic fields on the development of chick embryo. J Coll Physicians Surg Pak. 18(8):528-9. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18798598 309. Zareen, N. Khan, M Yunus. Minhas, L A. (2009). Derangement of chick embryo retinal differentiation caused by radiofrequency electromagnetic fields. Congenital Anomalies.49(1): 15-9. http://www.ingentaconnect.com/content/bsc/cga/2009/00000049/00000001/art00004 - 22 -
  • 23. Electrosmog and Reproduction Updated 20 June 2012 ______________________________________________________________________ 310. Zhang Q, F. L. Tabrah, G. C. Whittow (1993). Effect of 60-HZ Sinusoidal Electromagnetic Field on Avian Embryonic Growth and Oxygen Consumption. Electromagnetic Biology and Medicine 12(1): 27-37. http://informahealthcare.com/doi/abs/10.3109/15368379309012860 311. Zusman I., Yaffe P, Pinus H, Ornoy A. (1990). Effects of pulsing electromagnetic fields on the prenatal and postnatal development in mice and rats. Teratology. 42(2):157-70. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2218943 The Electrosmog Bibliography Collection also contains: Autism (10 References) Blood Brain Barrier (47 References) Breast Cancer (77 References) Cataracts (61 References) Hearing (39 References) Headaches (48 References) Base Stations, TV and radio masts, Power lines (92 References) Depression and suicide (48 References) Male fertility (135 References) Prenatal Effects (166 References) Wildlife (149 References) Other EMF-related Scribd collections which may be of interest include: http://www.scribd.com/my_document_collections/3228470 (Conflict of interest in science) http://www.scribd.com/my_document_collections/3228507 (Electrosmog and wildlife) http://www.scribd.com/my_document_collections/3222035 (Electrosensitivity) http://www.scribd.com/my_document_collections/3221670 (Electrosmog and male fertility) http://www.scribd.com/my_document_collections/3222195 (The precautionary principle) http://www.scribd.com/my_document_collections/3220833 (EMF-related health risks) http://www.scribd.com/my_document_collections/3651795 (2012 research - mobile phones, wifi) Homework Help https://www.homeworkping.com/ Math homework help https://www.homeworkping.com/ Research Paper help https://www.homeworkping.com/ Algebra Help https://www.homeworkping.com/ Calculus Help https://www.homeworkping.com/ Accounting help https://www.homeworkping.com/ Paper Help - 23 -
  • 24. Electrosmog and Reproduction Updated 20 June 2012 ______________________________________________________________________ https://www.homeworkping.com/ Writing Help https://www.homeworkping.com/ Online Tutor https://www.homeworkping.com/ Online Tutoring https://www.homeworkping.com/ - 24 -