The document summarizes the ideas of several thinkers from the 18th and 19th centuries and how they relate to classical liberalism. Hobbes believed humans are selfish and would give up rights to a ruler for protection, with the ability to overthrow if unprotected. Locke focused on natural rights like life, liberty, and property. Montesquieu advocated for separation of government powers. Smith believed free markets and limited government would benefit society through self-interest. Mill emphasized individual rights and freedoms limited to preventing harm. Ricardo said wages should be set by supply and demand. Dickens wanted to expose poor working conditions. The document analyzes how each thinker contributed ideas around individual rights, limited government, and economic freedom