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The Crucible,[object Object],By Arthur Miller,[object Object]
The Playwright,[object Object],The Crucible opened in New York, NY in 1953,[object Object],It tells the story of the Salem Witch Trials of 1692.,[object Object],The play is also an allegory of the “witch-hunts” of the House Un-American Activities Committee (HUAC) led by Senator McCarthy in the 1950s.,[object Object],http://1.bp.blogspot.com/_mbWThvBk2kA/SM_VbpqdO1I/AAAAAAAAGd8/gFC7uw2lsVs/s320miller.jpg,[object Object]
Marilyn,[object Object],In case you thought the life of a playwright was hopelessly un-cool, Arthur Miller was married to Marilyn Monroe from 1956-1961. ,[object Object],http://trybecca.files.wordpress.com/2008/08/miller-727882.jpg,[object Object]
Salem Witch Trials,[object Object],In 1692 nineteen men and women and two dogs were convicted and hanged for witchcraft in Salem, MA. ,[object Object],In 1957 the Massachusetts government passed a resolution absolving the descendents of the accused “of disgrace or distress.” ,[object Object],In 1992, 300 years later, the names of those who suffered were added to the resolution.,[object Object],Why did it take so long for the court to acknowledge its full responsibility?,[object Object],What happens when authority is challenged? ,[object Object]
The Beginnings of A Play,[object Object],Miller considers the Salem story as an allegory for “our times” and begins to rework it as a play.,[object Object],Elia Kazan, director of Death of Salesman and Miller’s friend testifies before HUAC committee in 1952.,[object Object],Fearful of being blacklisted, Kazan named eight of the Group Theatre as being members of the Communist party in the 1930s.,[object Object],http://www.lasplash.com/uploads/1/inside_private_lives_5.jpg,[object Object]
Allegory,[object Object],An allegory is a story that acts as an extended metaphor. ,[object Object],The main purpose of an allegory is to tell a story that has characters, setting and other types of symbols that have both literal and figurative meanings. ,[object Object],The difference between an allegory and a symbol is that an allegory is a complete story that conveys abstract ideas to make a point, whereas a symbol is a representation of an idea that can have different meaning throughout a literary work.,[object Object]
Salem-Washington Parallels,[object Object],According to Miller:,[object Object],Both ritualistic hearings.,[object Object],The main point is that the accused make public confession, damn friends, the Devil, and guarantee allegiance to by breaking old vows.,[object Object],Then, the accused are free to rejoin society of decent people.,[object Object],http://www.archives.gov/exhibits/treasures_of_congress/Images/page_23/70b.jpg,[object Object]
Why An Allegory? ,[object Object],Miller writes: “‘The reason I think that I moved in that direction was that it was simply impossible any longer to discuss what was happening to us in contemporary terms. …The hysteria in Salem had a certain inner procedure or several which we were duplicating again, and that perhaps by revealing the nature of that procedure some light could be thrown on what we were doing to ourselves. And that’s how the play came to be’” (Bigsby xii). ,[object Object]
Allegory For Our Times?,[object Object],Could this play be an allegory for our times? ,[object Object],Consider the fight against terrorism as laid out to the world by former President, George W. Bush on November 6, 2001: “You are either with us or against us.” ,[object Object],http://www.damonchernavsky.com/Pictures/Pictures_Of_US_Presidents/George-W-Bush.jpg,[object Object]
Crucibles,[object Object],“One dictionary definition of a crucible is a place of extreme heat, ‘a severe test’” (Bigsby xvi).,[object Object],What are some of the “crucibles” in your lives?,[object Object],http://www.rojan.com.au/cache/path/:upload:pages:foundry-crucibles-accessories:mammut-crucibles-in-action1.jpg/crop/1/width/500/height/285/round/15/name/mammut-crucibles-in-action1.jpg ,[object Object]
Themes: A Play About Power,[object Object],This play explores:,[object Object],The mechanisms by which power is maintained, challenged, lost,[object Object],The seductiveness of power,[object Object],The power of guilt,[object Object],How power equals the ability to determine what is real,[object Object],The power of life and death,[object Object]
Themes: A Play About Perfection,[object Object],The Puritans: A city on a hill. ,[object Object],Belief in unique virtues.,[object Object],Society that seeks to sustain a dream of perfection by denying all possibility of imperfection.,[object Object],“Evil can only be external, for theirs is a city on a hill” (Bigsby xxv). ,[object Object]
A Tragedy,[object Object],A tragedy is a story wherein individuals confront powerful forces and reveal the depth of human nature even the face of failure.,[object Object],A tragic flaw is an error or defect that leads to the downfall of the hero.,[object Object],This play is a tragedy for an individual and a tragedy for a community.,[object Object],http://www.imdb.com/media/rm3842873344/ch0033207,[object Object]

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