1. Moringa oleifera – Household
Alternative Coagulant for
Water Treatment.
Presented BY
Majithiya H. M .
Email: hmajithiya@gmail.com

2. Introduction
 Coagulation-flocculation followed by
sedimentation, filtration and disinfection, often by
chlorine, is used worldwide in the water treatment
industry before the distribution of treated water to
consumers (Peavy 1995).
 However recent studies have pointed out several
serious drawbacks of using Aluminium salts.
Introduction Aim & Methodology Materials Observations & Conclusions Suggestions &
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Objectives & Methods Data Interpretation Recommendations

3. Introduction about Moringa oleifera
M. oleifera pods M.O shelled seed Shelled seed M.O Press Cake
•It tropical plant belonging to the family Moringaceae .
•Seeds are brown, and the kernels are white Crushed
whole seed or presscake remaining after oil extraction as a
coagulant for water and wastewater treatment. 3
Introduction Aim & Methodology Materials Observations & Conclusions Suggestions &
Objectives & Methods Data Interpretation Recommendations

4. Purpose of study
 In situation where high concentrations of alum are
needed, lime is also added to raise the pH of
water, thereby facilitating the treatment.
 The cost of procuring these chemicals is increasing
rapidly and most developing countries are finding it
difficult to cope.
 Therefore, where cheaper alternatives can be
found, to replace or supplement the conventional
treatment chemicals, their use would be a welcome
benefit for the poorer less developed countries. 4
Introduction Aim & Methodology Materials Observations & Conclusions Suggestions &
Objectives & Methods Data Interpretation Recommendations

5. Natural Coagulant Vs Inorganic
Coagulant
Drawbacks of Alum -
 Alzhemeiers disease and similar health related
problems associated with residual aluminum in
treated water.
 It produces large sludge volumes.
 It require pH Alkalinity adjustment.
 Low efficiency in coagulation of cold water.
 It is costly and require high foreign exchange.
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Introduction Aim & Methodology Materials Observations & Conclusions Suggestions &
Objectives & Methods Data Interpretation Recommendations

6. Advantage of Moringa oleifera
Coagulant over Alum
 It is natural, completely non-toxic.
 The M. Oleifera seed extract appears to have
natural buffering capacity so, no pH alkalinity
adjustments are required.
 Beside level of turbidity it reduces the level of
microorganism in water.
 It is completely biodegradable.
 The volume of sludge produced is considerably
less in case of Moringa than in case of alum. 6
Introduction Aim & Methodology Materials Observations & Conclusions Suggestions &
Objectives & Methods Data Interpretation Recommendations

7. Drawbacks of Moringa oleifera
 At present availability of seeds is a problem it
require mass cultivation.
 The costs of the Shelled Seed powder of M.O
will probably higher then the cost of alum at
present.
 The water treated by M. oleifera produces odour
after two days from treatment.
 Another disadvantage water extract increases
Dissolved Organic Carbon in treated water.
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Introduction Aim & Methodology Materials Observations & Conclusions Suggestions &
Objectives & Methods Data Interpretation Recommendations

8. Aim & Objectives
Aim
Optimization of dosage Affecting Coagulation and
Flocculation of Turbid Water Using
Moringa oleifera Seed Extract
Objectives
 To optimize coagulation dose, slow and rapid mixing
parameters.
 To improve the extraction method of coagulation
active component.
 To study Household Alternative Coagulant for
Water Treatment.
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Introduction Aim & Methodology Materials Observations & Conclusions Suggestions &
Objectives & Methods Data Interpretation Recommendations

9. Materials and Methods
Experiment Design
Entire study was divided into different stages. And
same experiment is repeated for three coagulants
viz. Moringa oleifera shelled blended water
extract, Moringa oleifera shelled blended oil
extracted water extract & Alum.
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Introduction Aim & Methodology Materials Observations & Conclusions Suggestions &
Objectives & Methods Data Interpretation Recommendations

10.  A series of experiments was conducted on three
synthetic raw water turbidities viz. 50, 150, and
450 NTU.
 Residual turbidity was used as the parameter to
judge the performance of the process.
(According to Bureau of Indian Standards. IS 3025(PART 50): 2001)
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Introduction Aim & Methodology Materials Observations & Conclusions Suggestions &
Objectives & Methods Data Interpretation Recommendations

11. Result of Seed Analysis
Sr. Sample Name Parameters Results Test
No Methods
1 Protein 36.90 % AOAC
920.152
2 Fat 37.25 % Ranganna
3 Carbohydrates 16.38 % IS: 1656-
1997
4 Moringa oleifera Crude Fiber 12.85 % SP-18 (P-
Seeds IX) 1984
5 Moisture 6.41 % Ranganna
6 Ash 3.06 % AOAC
940.26
National Agriculture Food Analysis And Research Institute, Pune. (10.08.2007)
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12. Preparation of Seed Extract
Moringa oleifera non-shelled & shelled seeds M.O. Seed Powder
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M.oleifera Seed Suspension Extraction of the Active Ingredient

13. Preparation of “Synthetic Turbid Water”
Kaolin Clay Bottle Stock Turbidity
Solution
1. Five gram of Kaolin clay is mix 500 ml of distilled water.
2. Mix clay sample is allowed to stand for 24 Hrs.
3. The stock solution, turbidities varying from 50- 450 NTU prepared by
serial dilution of stock solution. 13
Introduction Aim & Methodology Materials Observations & Conclusions Suggestions &
Objectives & Methods Data Interpretation Recommendations

14. Equipment Used
Jar Test Apparatus
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15. Digital Lovibond Turbidity Meter
Digital pH Meter
Rapid Mixer 15

16. Observation & Data Interpretation
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Introduction Aim & Methodology Materials Observations & Conclusions Suggestions &
Objectives & Methods Data Interpretation Recommendations

17. Optimum Dosage of Moringa oleifera Shelled
Blended.
OPTIMUM DOSAGE OF M.O. Shelled Blended w ater extract
AT 50, 150, AND 450 NTU
60
TURBIDITY
RESIDUAL
AVERAGE
50 NTU
(NTU0
40
31.27
20 18.2 22.8 150 NTU
0 450 NTU
* *
40 50 60 70* 80 110 120 0* 140 150 200 250 0* * 350
13 30
DOSAGE OF M.O. Shelled Blended
w ater extract (m g/l)
Shelled blended Moringa oleifera was able to achieve 63.90 % turbidity
removal at an optimum dosage of 70 mg/l for 50 NTU whilst for 150 and
450 NTU turbidity the doses were 130 mg/l and 300 mg/l and % turbidity
removal is 84.80 % and 93.10 % respectively. 17
Introduction Aim & Methodology Materials Observations & Conclusions Suggestions &
Objectives & Methods Data Interpretation Recommendations

18. Optimum Dosage of Moringa oleifera
Shelled Blended oil extracted.
OPTIMUM DOSAGE OF M oringa oleifera Shelled Blended AT 50, 150, AND
450 NTU
TURBIDITY (NTU)
40
RESIDUAL
AVERAGE
30 50 NTU
25.13 26
20 150 NTU
10 10.1 450 NTU
0
10 50* 100** 150*** 200
DOSAGE OF Moringa oleifera Shelled Blended
oil extracted water extract (mg/l)
Shelled blended oil extracted Moringa oleifera was able to achieve 78.7 %
turbidity removal at an optimum dosage of 50 mg/l for 50 NTU whilst for
150 and 450 NTU turbidity the doses were 100 mg/l and 150 mg/l and %
turbidity removal is 83.24 % and 94.22 % respectively. 18
Introduction Aim & Methodology Materials Observations & Conclusions Suggestions &
Objectives & Methods Data Interpretation Recommendations

19. Optimum Dosage of Alum
OPTIMUM DOSAGE OF ALUM FOR 50, 150, AND 450 NTU
AVERAGE RESIDUAL
TURBIDITY (NTU)
20
15 50 NTU
10 150 NTU
7.2
5 4.73 450 NTU
3.77
0
5 10 20 30* 40** 50*** 60
DOSAGE OF ALUM (mg/l)
Alum was able to achieve 92.47 % turbidity removal at an optimum
dosage of 30 mg/l for 50 NTU whilst for 150 and 450 NTU turbidity the
doses were 40 mg/l and 50 mg/l and % turbidity removal is 96.24 %
and 98.40% respectively.
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Introduction Aim & Methodology Materials Observations & Conclusions Suggestions &
Objectives & Methods Data Interpretation Recommendations

20. Summary of All Results
Coagulants
M.O. Shelled Blended
M.O. Shelled Blended
oil Extracted water Alum
(Concentrati water extract
extract
on 1 %)
Synthetic
Kaolin Optimum % Optimum % Optimum %
Water Dosage Reduction Dosage Reduction Dosage Reduction
Turbidity mg/l in turbidity mg/l in turbidity mg/l in turbidity
(NTU)
50 70 63.6 50 78.7 30 92.84
150 130 84.8 100 83.24 40 96.84
450 300 93.1 150 94.22 50 98.40
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21. Conclusions
 Moringa oleifera seeds present a viable alternative to alum.
 Increase dosage of Moringa oleifera lead to decrease
turbidity upto the optimum dosage after which the residual
turbidity increases due to floc restabilization Increasing
initial turbidity, optimum dose is subsequently found to
increase.
 Requirement dose for Moringa oleifera for both Shelled
blended and shelled blended oil extracted was higher than
alum all over the turbidities range from 50- 450 NTU.
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Introduction Aim & Methodology Materials Observations & Conclusions Suggestions &
Objectives & Methods Data Interpretation Recommendations

22.  The oil content in the seed will form an
emulsion or film coating which may inhibit
the contact with the surface of reaction and
thus reduce floc formation. Shelled blend oil
extracted Moringa oleifera has been found
to be more effective than the shelled blended
seeds as a primary coagulant for turbid
water.
 It is easy to prepare the suspension and can
be use as household water treatment.

23.  M. oleifera seed contains 40 % oil by weight & hence
after oil extraction waste product “presscake” contain
active component affecting coagulation in water
treatment, therefore farmers can promote for cultivation.
 Using M. oleifera as a replacement coagulant for
proprietary coagulants meets the meets the needs for
water technology in developing countries which is simple
to use, robust and cheap to both install and maintain
sustainable as household coagulant.
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Introduction Aim & Methodology Materials Observations & Conclusions Suggestions &
Objectives & Methods Data Interpretation Recommendations

24.  Moringa oleifera is a consumer friendly and
environment friendly low alternative for rural
areas or small scale water treatment plant. M.
oleifera is a renewable resource can be grown
on large scale.
 Research should therefore continue in this area
so as to apply it to small and large scale water
treatment in tropical development countries.
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Introduction Aim & Methodology Materials Observations & Conclusions Suggestions &
Objectives & Methods Data Interpretation Recommendations

25. Thank You !!!
Save Environment
Save Yourself…
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