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White Box ,Black Box
&
Gray Box Testing

Dr. Himanshu Hora
SRMS College of Engineering & Technology
Bareilly (INDIA)
White box testing
• White box testing is a method of testing software that
tests internal structures or working of an application
• In white-box testing an internal perspective of the
system , as well as programming skills, are used to
design test cases
• It is also known as clear box testing, glass box
testing, transparent box testing, and structural
testing
Cont…
• White box testing is the detailed investigation of
internal logic and structure of the code
• In order to perform white box testing of an
application , the tester needs to possess knowledge of
the internal working of the code
Advantages of white box testing
• It becomes very easy to find out which type of data
can help in testing the application effectively
• It helps in optimizing the code

• Extra lines of code can be removed which can be
bring in hidden defects
• Due to the tester’s knowledge about the code ,
maximum coverage is attained during test scenario
writing
Disadvantages of white box
testing
• Due to the fact that a skilled tester is needed to
perform white box testing, the costs are increased
• Sometimes it is impossible to look into every corner
to find out hidden errors that may create problems as
many paths will go untested
• It is difficult to maintain white box testing as the use
of specialized tools like code analyzers and
debugging tools are required.
Black Box Testing
• The technique of testing without having any
knowledge of the interior workings of the application
is Black Box testing
• Black box testing is a method of software testing that
examines the functionality of an application
• This method of test can be applied to virtually every
level of software testing : unit , integration , system ,
and acceptance
Cont…
• The tester is oblivious to the system architecture and
does not have access to the source code
• When performing a black box test, a tester will
interact with the system's user interface by providing
inputs and examining outputs without knowing how
and where the inputs are worked upon
Advantages of black box testing
• Well suited and efficient for large code segments
• Code Access not required

• Clearly separates user's perspective from the
developer's perspective through visibly defined roles
• Large numbers of moderately skilled testers can test
the application with no knowledge of implementation,
programming language or operating systems
Disadvantages of black box
testing
• Limited Coverage since only a selected number of
test scenarios are actually performed
• Inefficient testing, due to the fact that the tester only
has limited knowledge about an application
• Blind Coverage, since the tester cannot target specific
code segments or error prone areas The test cases are
difficult to design
Gray Box Testing
• Gray box testing is a combination of white box
testing and black box testing
• The aim of this testing is to search for the defects if
any due to improper structure or improper usage of
applications
• Gray-box testing is also known as translucent testing
Cont…
• Gray-box testing is beneficial because it takes the
straightforward technique of black-box testing and
combines it with the code targeted systems in whitebox testing
Advantages of Gray box testing
• Offers combined benefits of black box and white box
testing wherever possible
• Grey box testers don't rely on the source code; instead
they rely on interface definition and functional
specifications
• Based on the limited information available, a grey
box tester can design excellent test scenarios
especially around communication protocols and data
type handling
• The test is done from the point of view of the user
and not the designer
Disadvantages of gray box testing
• Since the access to source code is not available, the
ability to go over the code and test coverage is
limited.
• The tests can be redundant if the software designer
has already run a test case.
• Testing every possible input stream is unrealistic
because it would take an unreasonable amount of
time; therefore, many program paths will go untested.
Black Box vs. Gray Box vs. White Box
S . No

Black box

Gray box

White box

1

The Internal Workings Somewhat knowledge
of an application are of
the
internal
not required to be workings are known
known

Tester
has
full
knowledge of the
Internal workings of
the application

2

Also known as closed
box
testing,
data
driven testing and
functional testing

Another term for grey
box
testing
is
translucent testing as
the tester has limited
knowledge of the
insides
of
the
application

Also known as clear
box testing, structural
testing or code based
testing

3

Performed by end
users and also by
testers and developers

Performed by end Normally done by
users and also by testers and developers
testers and developers

4

Testing is based on
external expectations Internal behavior of
the application is
unknown

Testing is done on the
basis of high level
database diagrams and
data flow diagrams

Internal workings are
fully known and the
tester can design test
data accordingly
Thank You
Dr. Himanshu Hora
SRMS College of Engineering & Technology
Bareilly (INDIA)

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White box black box & gray box testing

  • 1. White Box ,Black Box & Gray Box Testing Dr. Himanshu Hora SRMS College of Engineering & Technology Bareilly (INDIA)
  • 2. White box testing • White box testing is a method of testing software that tests internal structures or working of an application • In white-box testing an internal perspective of the system , as well as programming skills, are used to design test cases • It is also known as clear box testing, glass box testing, transparent box testing, and structural testing
  • 3. Cont… • White box testing is the detailed investigation of internal logic and structure of the code • In order to perform white box testing of an application , the tester needs to possess knowledge of the internal working of the code
  • 4.
  • 5. Advantages of white box testing • It becomes very easy to find out which type of data can help in testing the application effectively • It helps in optimizing the code • Extra lines of code can be removed which can be bring in hidden defects • Due to the tester’s knowledge about the code , maximum coverage is attained during test scenario writing
  • 6. Disadvantages of white box testing • Due to the fact that a skilled tester is needed to perform white box testing, the costs are increased • Sometimes it is impossible to look into every corner to find out hidden errors that may create problems as many paths will go untested • It is difficult to maintain white box testing as the use of specialized tools like code analyzers and debugging tools are required.
  • 7. Black Box Testing • The technique of testing without having any knowledge of the interior workings of the application is Black Box testing • Black box testing is a method of software testing that examines the functionality of an application • This method of test can be applied to virtually every level of software testing : unit , integration , system , and acceptance
  • 8. Cont… • The tester is oblivious to the system architecture and does not have access to the source code • When performing a black box test, a tester will interact with the system's user interface by providing inputs and examining outputs without knowing how and where the inputs are worked upon
  • 9.
  • 10. Advantages of black box testing • Well suited and efficient for large code segments • Code Access not required • Clearly separates user's perspective from the developer's perspective through visibly defined roles • Large numbers of moderately skilled testers can test the application with no knowledge of implementation, programming language or operating systems
  • 11. Disadvantages of black box testing • Limited Coverage since only a selected number of test scenarios are actually performed • Inefficient testing, due to the fact that the tester only has limited knowledge about an application • Blind Coverage, since the tester cannot target specific code segments or error prone areas The test cases are difficult to design
  • 12. Gray Box Testing • Gray box testing is a combination of white box testing and black box testing • The aim of this testing is to search for the defects if any due to improper structure or improper usage of applications • Gray-box testing is also known as translucent testing
  • 13. Cont… • Gray-box testing is beneficial because it takes the straightforward technique of black-box testing and combines it with the code targeted systems in whitebox testing
  • 14. Advantages of Gray box testing • Offers combined benefits of black box and white box testing wherever possible • Grey box testers don't rely on the source code; instead they rely on interface definition and functional specifications • Based on the limited information available, a grey box tester can design excellent test scenarios especially around communication protocols and data type handling • The test is done from the point of view of the user and not the designer
  • 15. Disadvantages of gray box testing • Since the access to source code is not available, the ability to go over the code and test coverage is limited. • The tests can be redundant if the software designer has already run a test case. • Testing every possible input stream is unrealistic because it would take an unreasonable amount of time; therefore, many program paths will go untested.
  • 16. Black Box vs. Gray Box vs. White Box S . No Black box Gray box White box 1 The Internal Workings Somewhat knowledge of an application are of the internal not required to be workings are known known Tester has full knowledge of the Internal workings of the application 2 Also known as closed box testing, data driven testing and functional testing Another term for grey box testing is translucent testing as the tester has limited knowledge of the insides of the application Also known as clear box testing, structural testing or code based testing 3 Performed by end users and also by testers and developers Performed by end Normally done by users and also by testers and developers testers and developers 4 Testing is based on external expectations Internal behavior of the application is unknown Testing is done on the basis of high level database diagrams and data flow diagrams Internal workings are fully known and the tester can design test data accordingly
  • 17. Thank You Dr. Himanshu Hora SRMS College of Engineering & Technology Bareilly (INDIA)