An introduction to referencing for English language learners at the tertiary level who are learning to write academic essay.

1. Internet Research Referencing Reference lists AND In-text references

2. Referencing = supporting your ideas with credible sources Key terminology: Reference list In-text reference What’s the difference?

3. Example Reference list This goes at the END of your essay References It is in ALPHABETICAL order

4. Example In-Text References These go inside the body of your essay

5. Why MUST we reference? To avoid PLAGIARISM

6. What is plagiarism? Copying text from the Internet and pretending it’s your own Failing to use “quotation marks” and correct in-text referencing Submitting the same essay as someone else

7. INTERNET My Essay This is plagiarism!

8. What are the consequences? Formal warning that stays on your academic record Being given a zero grade Being excluded from receiving your academic certificate, diploma or even degree

9. Avoid plagiarism by: Paraphrasing (use your OWN WORDS) Using in-text references (in the body paragraphs of your essay) Including a reference list (at the end of your essay) Important pieces in your reference list: Author Year of publication Title of Publication Publisher Place of publication Web Address (URL) Date viewed

10. Source: http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/south_asia/7570192.stm Researching and Recording Sources London, England Struggling with India’s gender bias

11. London, England Struggling with India’s gender bias Who is the publisher? Who is the author? What’s the year of publication? What’s the title of publication? What is the place of publication? What’s the web address? What’s the date YOU viewed this article??

12. Web Address (URL) Publisher Place of publication London, England Struggling with India’s gender bias Title of Publication Author Year of Publication Who is the publisher? Who is the author? What’s the year of publication? What’s the title of publication? What is the place of publication? What’s the web address? What’s the date YOU viewed this article??

13. Source:http://www.thp.org/where_we_work/south_asia/india/research_reports/chronic_hunger_and_status_of_women Researching and Recording Sources

14. Women and girls on India receive far less education than men, due both to social norms and fears of violence.India has the largest population of non-school-going working girls. India's government guarantees free primary school education for both boys and girls up to age 14. This goal has been repeatedly communicated, but primary education in India is not universal. Overall, the literacy rate for women is 39 percent versus 64 percent for men. The rate for women in the four large northern states - Bihar, Uttar Pradesh, Rajasthan and Madhya Pradesh - is lower than the national average: it was 25 percent in 1991. Attendance rates from the 1981 census suggest that no more than 1/3 of all girls (and a lower proportion of rural girls) aged 5-14 are attending school. Before India became an independent country in 1947, less than 8% of females were literate. Even with the progress that has been made, there were 16 million more illiterate females in Indian in 1991 than there were in 1981. Who is the author? What’s the year of publication? What’s the title of publication? What is the place of publication? What’s the web address? What’s the date YOU viewed this article?

15. Web Address (URL) Publisher Title of Publication Year of Publication Author Women and girls on India receive far less education than men, due both to social norms and fears of violence.India has the largest population of non-school-going working girls. India's government guarantees free primary school education for both boys and girls up to age 14. This goal has been repeatedly communicated, but primary education in India is not universal. Overall, the literacy rate for women is 39 percent versus 64 percent for men. The rate for women in the four large northern states - Bihar, Uttar Pradesh, Rajasthan and Madhya Pradesh - is lower than the national average: it was 25 percent in 1991. Attendance rates from the 1981 census suggest that no more than 1/3 of all girls (and a lower proportion of rural girls) aged 5-14 are attending school. Before India became an independent country in 1947, less than 8% of females were literate. Even with the progress that has been made, there were 16 million more illiterate females in Indian in 1991 than there were in 1981. Place of publication Author Year of publication Title of Publication Publisher Place of publication Web Address (URL)

16. How is men’s education in India compared to women’s education in India? What reasons are given for this difference? Women and girls in India receive less education than men, due both to social norms and fears of violence.

17. A. How is men’s education in India compared to women’s education in India? What reasons are given for this difference? Women and girls in India receive less education than men, due both to social norms and fears of violence. Is this plagiarism? YES!

18. A. How is men’s education in India compared to women’s education in India? What reasons are given for this difference? Women and girls in India receive less education than men, due both to social norms and fears of violence. Women and girls on India receive far less education than men, due both to social norms and fears of violence.India has the largest population of non-school-going working girls. India's government guarantees free primary school education for both boys and girls up to age 14. This goal has been repeatedly communicated, but primary education in India is not universal. Overall, the literacy rate for women is 39 percent versus 64 percent for men. The rate for women in the four large northern states - Bihar, Uttar Pradesh, Rajasthan and Madhya Pradesh - is lower than the national average: it was 25 percent in 1991. Attendance rates from the 1981 census suggest that no more than 1/3 of all girls (and a lower proportion of rural girls) aged 5-14 are attending school.

19. Paraphrase this sentence: Women and girls in India receive less education than men, due both to social norms and fears of violence.

20. Paraphrase this sentence: Women and girls in India receive less education than men, due both to social norms and fears of violence. EXAMPLE: In India, women are not educated as much as men because of cultural beliefs (Coonrod 1998).

21. Cultural Note: What name should you use in a reference? A: Given Name (Carol – Steve) B: Family Name (Coonrod – Bradshaw) Carol S Coonrod Steve Bradshaw