SlideShare ist ein Scribd-Unternehmen logo
1 von 17
INTELLIGENCE
LEARNING,
REMEMBERING AND
FORGETTING
What is Intelligence ?
 Intelligence is the ability to learn about, learn from
understand, and interact with one’s environment. This general
ability consist of a number of specific abilities :
Adaptability to a new environment or to
change in the current environment
Capacity for knowledge and the ability to
acquire it
Capacity for reason & abstract thought
Ability to comprehend relationships
Ability to evaluate & judge
Capacity for original and productive thought
Approaches to define Intelligence:
• PSYCHOMETRIC APPROACH : gives emphasis on quantifying
cognitive factors that compose intellectual performance.
 Lumpers ( psychologist who adherents of psychometric approach)
o Lump or put the cognitive factors together. They define
Intelligence as a general unified capacity for reasoning,
acquiring knowledge and solving problems.
 Splitters ( psychologist who adherents of psychometric approach)
o Define Intelligence as consisting of separate mental
abilities that function more or less independently. Howard
Gardner, one of the splitters was against the idea that
intelligence is a single factor that can be measured by a
single score, such as IQ score. Based on Gadner’s multiple-
factor theory there are at least eight multiple
intelligences.
Gardner’s Multiple-factor
Theory
LINGUISTIC
INTELLIGENCE
The ability to use the language
proficiently
MUSICAL
INTELLIGENCE
An linking to music; the person can compose
songs, sings very well
LOGICAL-
MATHEMATICAL
INTELLIGENCE
Involves numeric ability, good in abstract
making
SPATIAL
INTELLIGENCE
The ability to correlate lines rhythm,
colors, spaces, these people tend to
become successful engineers, architects &
interior designers.
BODILY-KINESTHETIC
INTELLIGENCE
Good coordination to movements; ability in
athletics
INTRAPERSONAL
INTELLIGENCE
Ability to understand oneself, own
thoughts and feelings
Approaches..
• INFORMATION-PROCESSING APPROACH : defines
intelligence by analyzing contents of the cognitive processes
which people employ to solve problems.
 Robert Strenberg’s (1985) Triarchic Theory – states that
intelligence can be divided into three ways of gathering and
processing information. These are :
1) Analytical or logical thinking skills which are measured by
traditional intelligence tests
2) Problem-solving skills which need creative thinking
3) Practical thinking skills which help in the adjustment process of the
individual.
Assessment of Intelligence
Alfred Binet (french psychologist)
• Intelligences is a collection of mental abilities and the means to
measure one’s intelligence is through his ability to do cognitive tasks
such as understanding the meaning of terminologies or being able to
follow instruction.
• In 1905, Binet and psychiatrist Theodore Simon succeeded in
developing the first standardized intelligence test known as Binet-
Simon Intelligence Scale. It contained questions that evaluate
vocabulary, memory, common knowledge and other cognitive
abilities.
• Mental Age – method of estimating child’s intelligence through
comparing child’s intelligence through comparing child’s score on an
intelligence test with the scores of average children of the same age.
• Psychological Test - written, visual, or verbal evaluations
administered to assess the cognitive and emotional
functioning of children and adults.
• Two Characteristics of Good Psychological Test :
 Reliability : refers to consistency. It means that a person’s scores on a
test or on similar tests given at different periods of time are close or
almost the same.
 Validity : means that the test measures what it is supposed to measure.
Characteristics of a Good Test
Examples of Intelligence Test
• Raven Progressive Matrices – a widely use intelligence test in
many research and applied settings. In each item, one is asked
to find missing pattern in a series.
 RPM was designed primarily as a measure of Spearman’s g.
There are 3 different tests for different abilities:
Colored Progressive Matrices (younger children & special
groups)
 Standford Progressive Matrices ( average 6-80 years old)
 Advance Progressive Matrices ( above average adolescents &
adults)
Examples…
• The Stanford-Binet Intelligence Scale: Fourth Edition (SB: FE) is a standardized
test that measures intelligence and cognitive abilities in children and adults,
from age two through mature adulthood.
• The Stanford-Binet Intelligence Scale is considered to be one of the best and
most widely used intelligence tests available. It is especially useful in providing
intellectual assessment in young children, adolescents, and young adults.
• Purpose : The Stanford-Binet Intelligence Scale was originally developed to help
place children in appropriate educational settings.
• The Stanford-Binet Intelligence Scale is comprised of four cognitive area scores
which together determine the composite score and factor scores. These area
scores include: Verbal Reasoning, Abstract/Visual Reasoning, Quantitative
Reasoning, and Short-Term Memory.
Examples…
• Verbal reasoning is understanding and reasoning using
concepts framed in words. It aims at evaluating ability to
think constructively, rather than at simple fluency
or vocabulary recognition.
Examples…
• Abstract Reasoning : the ability to analyze information
and solve problems on a complex, thought-based level.
Abstract reasoning tasks involve skills such as :
Forming theories about the nature of objects, ideas,
processes, and problem solving;
– Understanding subjects on a complex level through
analysis and evaluation;
– Ability to apply knowledge in problem-solving using theory,
metaphor, or complex analogy; and
– Understanding relationships between verbal and non-
verbal ideas
Examples…
• Fluid intelligence refers to the
degree of flexibility in thinking
and the ability to reason
abstractly.
• Crystallized intelligence refers
to the degree in which an
accumulation of knowledge and
skills has taken place in the
course of life.
Fluid intelligence and crystallized intelligence
What is Learning?
• Learning refers to relatively permanent change in
behavior that occurs as a result of practice,
experience or training.
 Learning is a change in Behavior, for better or
worst.
 It is change that occurs through practices or
experience; changes in behavior due to
maturation, sickness, accidents, fatigue, drug-
intake are not learning.
 The changes in behavior must be relatively
permanent, that is, it must last for a
Thank you!

Weitere ähnliche Inhalte

Was ist angesagt?

intelligence- meaning, types, factors, theories
intelligence- meaning, types, factors, theoriesintelligence- meaning, types, factors, theories
intelligence- meaning, types, factors, theoriesMita Meher
 
Intelligence tests 01
Intelligence tests 01Intelligence tests 01
Intelligence tests 01Palash Mehar
 
Intellgence
IntellgenceIntellgence
Intellgencer g
 
Personality assessment(2nd Sem)
Personality assessment(2nd Sem)Personality assessment(2nd Sem)
Personality assessment(2nd Sem)Ronnie Almendral
 
Psychology 102: Intelligence & intelligence assessment
Psychology 102: Intelligence & intelligence assessmentPsychology 102: Intelligence & intelligence assessment
Psychology 102: Intelligence & intelligence assessmentJames Neill
 
Intelligence Tests
Intelligence TestsIntelligence Tests
Intelligence TestsAlina Sherin
 
The influence of heredity and environment on intelligence
The influence of heredity and environment on  intelligenceThe influence of heredity and environment on  intelligence
The influence of heredity and environment on intelligenceAmit Ghosh
 
Psychology unit III Aptitude
Psychology unit III AptitudePsychology unit III Aptitude
Psychology unit III AptitudeAkila anbalagan
 
The assessment of intelligence
The assessment of intelligenceThe assessment of intelligence
The assessment of intelligencerika88
 
Personality assessment
Personality assessment Personality assessment
Personality assessment Henry Smith
 
METHODS OF PSYCHOLOGY
METHODS OF PSYCHOLOGYMETHODS OF PSYCHOLOGY
METHODS OF PSYCHOLOGYmpk212395
 
Factors affecting intelligence
Factors  affecting intelligenceFactors  affecting intelligence
Factors affecting intelligenceMavict De Leon
 
Measurement of intelligence
Measurement of intelligenceMeasurement of intelligence
Measurement of intelligence77771726
 

Was ist angesagt? (20)

intelligence- meaning, types, factors, theories
intelligence- meaning, types, factors, theoriesintelligence- meaning, types, factors, theories
intelligence- meaning, types, factors, theories
 
Unit 3 intelligence
Unit 3 intelligenceUnit 3 intelligence
Unit 3 intelligence
 
Intelligence tests 01
Intelligence tests 01Intelligence tests 01
Intelligence tests 01
 
Intelligence testing
Intelligence testingIntelligence testing
Intelligence testing
 
Psychology:Theories of Intelligence
Psychology:Theories of IntelligencePsychology:Theories of Intelligence
Psychology:Theories of Intelligence
 
Intellgence
IntellgenceIntellgence
Intellgence
 
Personality assessment(2nd Sem)
Personality assessment(2nd Sem)Personality assessment(2nd Sem)
Personality assessment(2nd Sem)
 
Psychology 102: Intelligence & intelligence assessment
Psychology 102: Intelligence & intelligence assessmentPsychology 102: Intelligence & intelligence assessment
Psychology 102: Intelligence & intelligence assessment
 
Intelligence Tests
Intelligence TestsIntelligence Tests
Intelligence Tests
 
Personality assessment
Personality assessmentPersonality assessment
Personality assessment
 
The influence of heredity and environment on intelligence
The influence of heredity and environment on  intelligenceThe influence of heredity and environment on  intelligence
The influence of heredity and environment on intelligence
 
Indian psychology
Indian psychologyIndian psychology
Indian psychology
 
Psychology unit III Aptitude
Psychology unit III AptitudePsychology unit III Aptitude
Psychology unit III Aptitude
 
The assessment of intelligence
The assessment of intelligenceThe assessment of intelligence
The assessment of intelligence
 
Personality assessment
Personality assessment Personality assessment
Personality assessment
 
METHODS OF PSYCHOLOGY
METHODS OF PSYCHOLOGYMETHODS OF PSYCHOLOGY
METHODS OF PSYCHOLOGY
 
Factors affecting intelligence
Factors  affecting intelligenceFactors  affecting intelligence
Factors affecting intelligence
 
Memory
MemoryMemory
Memory
 
Measurement of intelligence
Measurement of intelligenceMeasurement of intelligence
Measurement of intelligence
 
THEORIES OF INTELLIGENCE
THEORIES OF INTELLIGENCETHEORIES OF INTELLIGENCE
THEORIES OF INTELLIGENCE
 

Ähnlich wie Psychology-INTELLIGENCE

Unit 08 intelligence in educational psychology
Unit 08 intelligence in educational psychologyUnit 08 intelligence in educational psychology
Unit 08 intelligence in educational psychologyDARSGHAH
 
Dual credit psychology notes chapter 13 – psychological testing
Dual credit psychology notes   chapter 13 – psychological testingDual credit psychology notes   chapter 13 – psychological testing
Dual credit psychology notes chapter 13 – psychological testingmrslocomb
 
Intelligence theories part 1 ,2,3,4
Intelligence theories  part 1 ,2,3,4Intelligence theories  part 1 ,2,3,4
Intelligence theories part 1 ,2,3,4RAM Reddy
 
Intelligence
IntelligenceIntelligence
Intelligenceirenek
 
lt-theoriesofintelligence-201117093932 (1).pdf
lt-theoriesofintelligence-201117093932 (1).pdflt-theoriesofintelligence-201117093932 (1).pdf
lt-theoriesofintelligence-201117093932 (1).pdfKhadijaTahir29
 
Intelligence Theories (1).pdf
Intelligence Theories (1).pdfIntelligence Theories (1).pdf
Intelligence Theories (1).pdfBishalChauhan4
 
1.intelligence sfs.pptx
1.intelligence sfs.pptx1.intelligence sfs.pptx
1.intelligence sfs.pptxRitukumar47
 
Nature and Characteristics of Intelligence and Testing
Nature and Characteristics of Intelligence and TestingNature and Characteristics of Intelligence and Testing
Nature and Characteristics of Intelligence and TestingMrsERivera
 
Intelligence presentation.ppt
Intelligence presentation.pptIntelligence presentation.ppt
Intelligence presentation.pptEgonMoshi
 
Intelligence tests
Intelligence testsIntelligence tests
Intelligence testsArifa T N
 
intelligence defination and types theories of intelligence
intelligence defination and types theories of intelligenceintelligence defination and types theories of intelligence
intelligence defination and types theories of intelligenceAkash Dingra
 
Learners with different mental abilities
Learners with different mental abilitiesLearners with different mental abilities
Learners with different mental abilitiessitamajhi1
 

Ähnlich wie Psychology-INTELLIGENCE (20)

Unit 08 intelligence in educational psychology
Unit 08 intelligence in educational psychologyUnit 08 intelligence in educational psychology
Unit 08 intelligence in educational psychology
 
Intelligence
IntelligenceIntelligence
Intelligence
 
Dual credit psychology notes chapter 13 – psychological testing
Dual credit psychology notes   chapter 13 – psychological testingDual credit psychology notes   chapter 13 – psychological testing
Dual credit psychology notes chapter 13 – psychological testing
 
Nature Of Thought
Nature Of ThoughtNature Of Thought
Nature Of Thought
 
Intelligence theories part 1 ,2,3,4
Intelligence theories  part 1 ,2,3,4Intelligence theories  part 1 ,2,3,4
Intelligence theories part 1 ,2,3,4
 
Intelligence
IntelligenceIntelligence
Intelligence
 
Intelligence
IntelligenceIntelligence
Intelligence
 
Intelligence psychology
Intelligence psychologyIntelligence psychology
Intelligence psychology
 
lt-theoriesofintelligence-201117093932 (1).pdf
lt-theoriesofintelligence-201117093932 (1).pdflt-theoriesofintelligence-201117093932 (1).pdf
lt-theoriesofintelligence-201117093932 (1).pdf
 
Intelligence Theories (1).pdf
Intelligence Theories (1).pdfIntelligence Theories (1).pdf
Intelligence Theories (1).pdf
 
1.intelligence sfs.pptx
1.intelligence sfs.pptx1.intelligence sfs.pptx
1.intelligence sfs.pptx
 
Nature and Characteristics of Intelligence and Testing
Nature and Characteristics of Intelligence and TestingNature and Characteristics of Intelligence and Testing
Nature and Characteristics of Intelligence and Testing
 
Intelligence
IntelligenceIntelligence
Intelligence
 
Intelligence presentation.ppt
Intelligence presentation.pptIntelligence presentation.ppt
Intelligence presentation.ppt
 
Intelligence tests
Intelligence testsIntelligence tests
Intelligence tests
 
Psych ppts
Psych pptsPsych ppts
Psych ppts
 
Intellegence.pptx
Intellegence.pptxIntellegence.pptx
Intellegence.pptx
 
intelligence defination and types theories of intelligence
intelligence defination and types theories of intelligenceintelligence defination and types theories of intelligence
intelligence defination and types theories of intelligence
 
unit 6 psychology.pptx
unit 6 psychology.pptxunit 6 psychology.pptx
unit 6 psychology.pptx
 
Learners with different mental abilities
Learners with different mental abilitiesLearners with different mental abilities
Learners with different mental abilities
 

Kürzlich hochgeladen

Unraveling Multimodality with Large Language Models.pdf
Unraveling Multimodality with Large Language Models.pdfUnraveling Multimodality with Large Language Models.pdf
Unraveling Multimodality with Large Language Models.pdfAlex Barbosa Coqueiro
 
Story boards and shot lists for my a level piece
Story boards and shot lists for my a level pieceStory boards and shot lists for my a level piece
Story boards and shot lists for my a level piececharlottematthew16
 
My INSURER PTE LTD - Insurtech Innovation Award 2024
My INSURER PTE LTD - Insurtech Innovation Award 2024My INSURER PTE LTD - Insurtech Innovation Award 2024
My INSURER PTE LTD - Insurtech Innovation Award 2024The Digital Insurer
 
Unleash Your Potential - Namagunga Girls Coding Club
Unleash Your Potential - Namagunga Girls Coding ClubUnleash Your Potential - Namagunga Girls Coding Club
Unleash Your Potential - Namagunga Girls Coding ClubKalema Edgar
 
Leverage Zilliz Serverless - Up to 50X Saving for Your Vector Storage Cost
Leverage Zilliz Serverless - Up to 50X Saving for Your Vector Storage CostLeverage Zilliz Serverless - Up to 50X Saving for Your Vector Storage Cost
Leverage Zilliz Serverless - Up to 50X Saving for Your Vector Storage CostZilliz
 
Are Multi-Cloud and Serverless Good or Bad?
Are Multi-Cloud and Serverless Good or Bad?Are Multi-Cloud and Serverless Good or Bad?
Are Multi-Cloud and Serverless Good or Bad?Mattias Andersson
 
Tampa BSides - Chef's Tour of Microsoft Security Adoption Framework (SAF)
Tampa BSides - Chef's Tour of Microsoft Security Adoption Framework (SAF)Tampa BSides - Chef's Tour of Microsoft Security Adoption Framework (SAF)
Tampa BSides - Chef's Tour of Microsoft Security Adoption Framework (SAF)Mark Simos
 
Anypoint Exchange: It’s Not Just a Repo!
Anypoint Exchange: It’s Not Just a Repo!Anypoint Exchange: It’s Not Just a Repo!
Anypoint Exchange: It’s Not Just a Repo!Manik S Magar
 
SAP Build Work Zone - Overview L2-L3.pptx
SAP Build Work Zone - Overview L2-L3.pptxSAP Build Work Zone - Overview L2-L3.pptx
SAP Build Work Zone - Overview L2-L3.pptxNavinnSomaal
 
DevoxxFR 2024 Reproducible Builds with Apache Maven
DevoxxFR 2024 Reproducible Builds with Apache MavenDevoxxFR 2024 Reproducible Builds with Apache Maven
DevoxxFR 2024 Reproducible Builds with Apache MavenHervé Boutemy
 
Commit 2024 - Secret Management made easy
Commit 2024 - Secret Management made easyCommit 2024 - Secret Management made easy
Commit 2024 - Secret Management made easyAlfredo García Lavilla
 
"Subclassing and Composition – A Pythonic Tour of Trade-Offs", Hynek Schlawack
"Subclassing and Composition – A Pythonic Tour of Trade-Offs", Hynek Schlawack"Subclassing and Composition – A Pythonic Tour of Trade-Offs", Hynek Schlawack
"Subclassing and Composition – A Pythonic Tour of Trade-Offs", Hynek SchlawackFwdays
 
DevEX - reference for building teams, processes, and platforms
DevEX - reference for building teams, processes, and platformsDevEX - reference for building teams, processes, and platforms
DevEX - reference for building teams, processes, and platformsSergiu Bodiu
 
Install Stable Diffusion in windows machine
Install Stable Diffusion in windows machineInstall Stable Diffusion in windows machine
Install Stable Diffusion in windows machinePadma Pradeep
 
Training state-of-the-art general text embedding
Training state-of-the-art general text embeddingTraining state-of-the-art general text embedding
Training state-of-the-art general text embeddingZilliz
 
Vector Databases 101 - An introduction to the world of Vector Databases
Vector Databases 101 - An introduction to the world of Vector DatabasesVector Databases 101 - An introduction to the world of Vector Databases
Vector Databases 101 - An introduction to the world of Vector DatabasesZilliz
 
Beyond Boundaries: Leveraging No-Code Solutions for Industry Innovation
Beyond Boundaries: Leveraging No-Code Solutions for Industry InnovationBeyond Boundaries: Leveraging No-Code Solutions for Industry Innovation
Beyond Boundaries: Leveraging No-Code Solutions for Industry InnovationSafe Software
 
"Debugging python applications inside k8s environment", Andrii Soldatenko
"Debugging python applications inside k8s environment", Andrii Soldatenko"Debugging python applications inside k8s environment", Andrii Soldatenko
"Debugging python applications inside k8s environment", Andrii SoldatenkoFwdays
 
My Hashitalk Indonesia April 2024 Presentation
My Hashitalk Indonesia April 2024 PresentationMy Hashitalk Indonesia April 2024 Presentation
My Hashitalk Indonesia April 2024 PresentationRidwan Fadjar
 
Scanning the Internet for External Cloud Exposures via SSL Certs
Scanning the Internet for External Cloud Exposures via SSL CertsScanning the Internet for External Cloud Exposures via SSL Certs
Scanning the Internet for External Cloud Exposures via SSL CertsRizwan Syed
 

Kürzlich hochgeladen (20)

Unraveling Multimodality with Large Language Models.pdf
Unraveling Multimodality with Large Language Models.pdfUnraveling Multimodality with Large Language Models.pdf
Unraveling Multimodality with Large Language Models.pdf
 
Story boards and shot lists for my a level piece
Story boards and shot lists for my a level pieceStory boards and shot lists for my a level piece
Story boards and shot lists for my a level piece
 
My INSURER PTE LTD - Insurtech Innovation Award 2024
My INSURER PTE LTD - Insurtech Innovation Award 2024My INSURER PTE LTD - Insurtech Innovation Award 2024
My INSURER PTE LTD - Insurtech Innovation Award 2024
 
Unleash Your Potential - Namagunga Girls Coding Club
Unleash Your Potential - Namagunga Girls Coding ClubUnleash Your Potential - Namagunga Girls Coding Club
Unleash Your Potential - Namagunga Girls Coding Club
 
Leverage Zilliz Serverless - Up to 50X Saving for Your Vector Storage Cost
Leverage Zilliz Serverless - Up to 50X Saving for Your Vector Storage CostLeverage Zilliz Serverless - Up to 50X Saving for Your Vector Storage Cost
Leverage Zilliz Serverless - Up to 50X Saving for Your Vector Storage Cost
 
Are Multi-Cloud and Serverless Good or Bad?
Are Multi-Cloud and Serverless Good or Bad?Are Multi-Cloud and Serverless Good or Bad?
Are Multi-Cloud and Serverless Good or Bad?
 
Tampa BSides - Chef's Tour of Microsoft Security Adoption Framework (SAF)
Tampa BSides - Chef's Tour of Microsoft Security Adoption Framework (SAF)Tampa BSides - Chef's Tour of Microsoft Security Adoption Framework (SAF)
Tampa BSides - Chef's Tour of Microsoft Security Adoption Framework (SAF)
 
Anypoint Exchange: It’s Not Just a Repo!
Anypoint Exchange: It’s Not Just a Repo!Anypoint Exchange: It’s Not Just a Repo!
Anypoint Exchange: It’s Not Just a Repo!
 
SAP Build Work Zone - Overview L2-L3.pptx
SAP Build Work Zone - Overview L2-L3.pptxSAP Build Work Zone - Overview L2-L3.pptx
SAP Build Work Zone - Overview L2-L3.pptx
 
DevoxxFR 2024 Reproducible Builds with Apache Maven
DevoxxFR 2024 Reproducible Builds with Apache MavenDevoxxFR 2024 Reproducible Builds with Apache Maven
DevoxxFR 2024 Reproducible Builds with Apache Maven
 
Commit 2024 - Secret Management made easy
Commit 2024 - Secret Management made easyCommit 2024 - Secret Management made easy
Commit 2024 - Secret Management made easy
 
"Subclassing and Composition – A Pythonic Tour of Trade-Offs", Hynek Schlawack
"Subclassing and Composition – A Pythonic Tour of Trade-Offs", Hynek Schlawack"Subclassing and Composition – A Pythonic Tour of Trade-Offs", Hynek Schlawack
"Subclassing and Composition – A Pythonic Tour of Trade-Offs", Hynek Schlawack
 
DevEX - reference for building teams, processes, and platforms
DevEX - reference for building teams, processes, and platformsDevEX - reference for building teams, processes, and platforms
DevEX - reference for building teams, processes, and platforms
 
Install Stable Diffusion in windows machine
Install Stable Diffusion in windows machineInstall Stable Diffusion in windows machine
Install Stable Diffusion in windows machine
 
Training state-of-the-art general text embedding
Training state-of-the-art general text embeddingTraining state-of-the-art general text embedding
Training state-of-the-art general text embedding
 
Vector Databases 101 - An introduction to the world of Vector Databases
Vector Databases 101 - An introduction to the world of Vector DatabasesVector Databases 101 - An introduction to the world of Vector Databases
Vector Databases 101 - An introduction to the world of Vector Databases
 
Beyond Boundaries: Leveraging No-Code Solutions for Industry Innovation
Beyond Boundaries: Leveraging No-Code Solutions for Industry InnovationBeyond Boundaries: Leveraging No-Code Solutions for Industry Innovation
Beyond Boundaries: Leveraging No-Code Solutions for Industry Innovation
 
"Debugging python applications inside k8s environment", Andrii Soldatenko
"Debugging python applications inside k8s environment", Andrii Soldatenko"Debugging python applications inside k8s environment", Andrii Soldatenko
"Debugging python applications inside k8s environment", Andrii Soldatenko
 
My Hashitalk Indonesia April 2024 Presentation
My Hashitalk Indonesia April 2024 PresentationMy Hashitalk Indonesia April 2024 Presentation
My Hashitalk Indonesia April 2024 Presentation
 
Scanning the Internet for External Cloud Exposures via SSL Certs
Scanning the Internet for External Cloud Exposures via SSL CertsScanning the Internet for External Cloud Exposures via SSL Certs
Scanning the Internet for External Cloud Exposures via SSL Certs
 

Psychology-INTELLIGENCE

  • 2. What is Intelligence ?  Intelligence is the ability to learn about, learn from understand, and interact with one’s environment. This general ability consist of a number of specific abilities : Adaptability to a new environment or to change in the current environment Capacity for knowledge and the ability to acquire it Capacity for reason & abstract thought Ability to comprehend relationships Ability to evaluate & judge Capacity for original and productive thought
  • 3. Approaches to define Intelligence: • PSYCHOMETRIC APPROACH : gives emphasis on quantifying cognitive factors that compose intellectual performance.  Lumpers ( psychologist who adherents of psychometric approach) o Lump or put the cognitive factors together. They define Intelligence as a general unified capacity for reasoning, acquiring knowledge and solving problems.  Splitters ( psychologist who adherents of psychometric approach) o Define Intelligence as consisting of separate mental abilities that function more or less independently. Howard Gardner, one of the splitters was against the idea that intelligence is a single factor that can be measured by a single score, such as IQ score. Based on Gadner’s multiple- factor theory there are at least eight multiple intelligences.
  • 4. Gardner’s Multiple-factor Theory LINGUISTIC INTELLIGENCE The ability to use the language proficiently MUSICAL INTELLIGENCE An linking to music; the person can compose songs, sings very well LOGICAL- MATHEMATICAL INTELLIGENCE Involves numeric ability, good in abstract making SPATIAL INTELLIGENCE The ability to correlate lines rhythm, colors, spaces, these people tend to become successful engineers, architects & interior designers. BODILY-KINESTHETIC INTELLIGENCE Good coordination to movements; ability in athletics INTRAPERSONAL INTELLIGENCE Ability to understand oneself, own thoughts and feelings
  • 5. Approaches.. • INFORMATION-PROCESSING APPROACH : defines intelligence by analyzing contents of the cognitive processes which people employ to solve problems.  Robert Strenberg’s (1985) Triarchic Theory – states that intelligence can be divided into three ways of gathering and processing information. These are : 1) Analytical or logical thinking skills which are measured by traditional intelligence tests 2) Problem-solving skills which need creative thinking 3) Practical thinking skills which help in the adjustment process of the individual.
  • 6. Assessment of Intelligence Alfred Binet (french psychologist) • Intelligences is a collection of mental abilities and the means to measure one’s intelligence is through his ability to do cognitive tasks such as understanding the meaning of terminologies or being able to follow instruction. • In 1905, Binet and psychiatrist Theodore Simon succeeded in developing the first standardized intelligence test known as Binet- Simon Intelligence Scale. It contained questions that evaluate vocabulary, memory, common knowledge and other cognitive abilities. • Mental Age – method of estimating child’s intelligence through comparing child’s intelligence through comparing child’s score on an intelligence test with the scores of average children of the same age.
  • 7. • Psychological Test - written, visual, or verbal evaluations administered to assess the cognitive and emotional functioning of children and adults. • Two Characteristics of Good Psychological Test :  Reliability : refers to consistency. It means that a person’s scores on a test or on similar tests given at different periods of time are close or almost the same.  Validity : means that the test measures what it is supposed to measure. Characteristics of a Good Test
  • 8. Examples of Intelligence Test • Raven Progressive Matrices – a widely use intelligence test in many research and applied settings. In each item, one is asked to find missing pattern in a series.  RPM was designed primarily as a measure of Spearman’s g. There are 3 different tests for different abilities: Colored Progressive Matrices (younger children & special groups)
  • 9.  Standford Progressive Matrices ( average 6-80 years old)  Advance Progressive Matrices ( above average adolescents & adults) Examples…
  • 10. • The Stanford-Binet Intelligence Scale: Fourth Edition (SB: FE) is a standardized test that measures intelligence and cognitive abilities in children and adults, from age two through mature adulthood. • The Stanford-Binet Intelligence Scale is considered to be one of the best and most widely used intelligence tests available. It is especially useful in providing intellectual assessment in young children, adolescents, and young adults. • Purpose : The Stanford-Binet Intelligence Scale was originally developed to help place children in appropriate educational settings. • The Stanford-Binet Intelligence Scale is comprised of four cognitive area scores which together determine the composite score and factor scores. These area scores include: Verbal Reasoning, Abstract/Visual Reasoning, Quantitative Reasoning, and Short-Term Memory. Examples…
  • 11. • Verbal reasoning is understanding and reasoning using concepts framed in words. It aims at evaluating ability to think constructively, rather than at simple fluency or vocabulary recognition. Examples…
  • 12. • Abstract Reasoning : the ability to analyze information and solve problems on a complex, thought-based level. Abstract reasoning tasks involve skills such as : Forming theories about the nature of objects, ideas, processes, and problem solving; – Understanding subjects on a complex level through analysis and evaluation; – Ability to apply knowledge in problem-solving using theory, metaphor, or complex analogy; and – Understanding relationships between verbal and non- verbal ideas Examples…
  • 13. • Fluid intelligence refers to the degree of flexibility in thinking and the ability to reason abstractly. • Crystallized intelligence refers to the degree in which an accumulation of knowledge and skills has taken place in the course of life. Fluid intelligence and crystallized intelligence
  • 14.
  • 15.
  • 16. What is Learning? • Learning refers to relatively permanent change in behavior that occurs as a result of practice, experience or training.  Learning is a change in Behavior, for better or worst.  It is change that occurs through practices or experience; changes in behavior due to maturation, sickness, accidents, fatigue, drug- intake are not learning.  The changes in behavior must be relatively permanent, that is, it must last for a