SlideShare ist ein Scribd-Unternehmen logo
1 von 3
Downloaden Sie, um offline zu lesen
Film Distribution
Consider these two competing views of who holds the most power in terms of influencing what
films get made and seen: If you break it down and look at it as a business then the audience has the
greatest power. It's the audience that tells you what they like. So if the audience likes a particular
superstar, then Hollywood is forced to use the superstar and that star then becomes extremely
powerful. (Tony Angellotti) In a world where money spent on the budget of a film often sees 50 %
going on promotion as opposed to what you actually see on screen, the idea that we have a world
where the consumer can exercise authority is absurd. This industry is like any other. Of course it
has to sell things, but it doesn't rely on waiting, listening, responding to what audiences want and
then delivering that to them. It relies on knowing which parts of the world and the media need its
products and will pay for them. (Toby Miller) They can't both be right and you therefore need to
come to an informed judgement on this dynamic. In the case of film marketing, it is a complex issue.
Q. Did millions of people go to see Pirates of the Caribbean 2 in the first week of release because it
is such a great film, or because it is so well marketed? Or both? It took $135,634,554 in its opening
weekend in the US alone, 32% of its final total gross.
Definition of a distributor: A distributor is the link between the film-makers and the public, and
allows a film to reach the public via the cinemas, DVD/video and on television. There are a number
of distribution companies in the UK, all with different styles, funding structures, aims and marketing
plans, all trying to sell their films in an incredibly competitive environment. Each distribution
company takes on a certain number of titles each year and creates an individual release-plan for
those films. Their responsibilities include:
deciding on a release date;
deciding how many prints to produce and in which cinemas to screen them;
advertising campaigns; o designing art work for adverts, posters, flyers and billboards;
organising premieres and talker screenings; o booking talent (i.e. the stars or director) for
press interviews and personal appearances.
Distributors are also responsible for negotiating deals regarding the film's release on video and DVD,
and showings on television, cable and satellite channels. 59
A film could come to the distributor in a range of ways —films produced by the main American
studios will be distributed through their own companies, so Warner Bros. will distribute their own
films as will 20th Century Fox and Buena Vista International will distribute Disney films as it is the
Disney distribution 'arm'. Some films are seen at film festivals and are picked up through
complicated negotiations with sales agents and producers so deals can be struck in different
territories (i.e. North America, Europe, Asia, Australasia).
Some Background Facts and Statistics
Worldwide spend on films is around $65 billion a year, of which the distributors' share is about $35
billion. Total revenues are split almost equally between the North American market and the Rest of
the World. The industry has doubled in size in the last since 2000 - an annual growth rate of almost
10%. Few, if any, major businesses can boast such continued growth over this period. DVD has
contributed significantly to the growth levels. DVD sales have seen a tenfold rise in the last 3 years.
The average cost for an American studio film is now more than $50m with a further $30m spent on
marketing (up from $8m and $3m respectively in 1980). Theatrical (i.e. cinema) revenues only
account for about 25% of the total profit, with DVD taking about 40%; television screening
accounting for 28% and ancillary revenues the final 7%.
The main revenue streams for filmed entertainment are:
1. Theatrical (cinema) exhibition
2. DVD/Blu-ray rental
3. DVD/Blu-ray retail (or sell-through)
4. Pay per View Television
5. Subscription or Pay Television
In the UK, distributors are divided into the majors and the independents. The Majors The majors are
those affiliated to the biggest Hollywood companies and are:
• Warner Bros.;
• 20th Century Fox;
• Columbia Tri-Star;
• Buena Vista International (BVI, owned by the Disney Corporation);
• United International Pictures (UIP, who release films from Universal and MGM studios).
The films released by the majors tend to be mainstream - Hollywood blockbusters as well as UK/USA
co productions such as Bridget Jones's Diary, Love Actually and Calendar Girls. Some companies have
an 'indie' arm such as Fox Searchlight or Focus Features (Universal) that will take risks on films that
are not such commercial blockbusters.
The Independents
These are companies who release a much wider range of films, and include Artificial Eye, Pattie,
Metro Tartan, Metrodome, Momentum and Contemporary. Titles will include foreign language films,
documentaries, re-releases and non-mainstream Hollywood/UK titles picked up at film festivals
across the world. Entertainment Distribution is an unusual case in that it is a UK independent that
has a long standing relationship with US studio New Line Cinema (a unit of the Time Warner
Corporation). Entertainment release their titles in the UK, therefore getting such films as Lord Of the
Rings as well as small UK tides such as Sex Lives of the Potato Men and Charlie (2004). (The vast
majority of Entertainment's 14.5 % market share in the table opposite will have come from the
second and third films in The Lord of the Rings trilogy, both on release in 2003). Acquiring a film A
distributor can acquire the rights to release a film in the UK in a number of different ways:
• directly from their parent studio (i.e. Universal through UIP);
• through a deal a distributor may have with a production company or studio;
• a distributor may be approached by a third party sales agent;
• a distributor may attend a film festival and approach a sales agent after watching a film at a
screening.
A distribution deal is different for every film, and will include theatrical rights (i.e. the screening of
the film in cinemas), and possibly the release of the film on DVD as well as TV and satellite rights.
Releasing a film
Hollywood distributors will consider their release strategies from (at least) four perspectives: Global:
where will the film work? Regional: how will we make it work in (say) Europe? National: how should
we release it in each country? Local: are there any particular local conditions that need to be taken
into account within each country? Many things have to be taken into consideration when
distributors choose a release date for a movie. School holidays in Easter, half term, summer and
Christmas tend to be the time when big family movies are set for release. Big national sporting
events, particularly when England are taking part, such as the European Championships and the
World Cup can affect audiences, so care is taken about releasing male-orientated, action-type
movies at that time. It is also crucial to know the landscape with regard to film and media related
events happening nationally and most importantly, what else is being released at the time. The last
thing you want is your film being released on the weekend The Lord of the Rings: The Return of the
King (2003) or Indiana Jones and the Kingdom of the Crystal Skull (2008), are released, both of which
will swamp the media and the national consciousness (unless, that is, you are consciously positioning
the marketing strategy in opposition to these blockbusters).
Film Classification
Before a film can be shown to a paying audience, it is required by law that it is certificated by the
British Board of Film Classification. This ensures, for example, that films which are of an adult nature
are not shown to children. Distributors must submit their films to be watched by examiners who
write reports describing each film and justifying the decisions they have reached. The cost to the
distributor is roughly £9.50 per minute, so classification of an average film cost around £800 – £1100.
It is possible for a film to be targeted and promoted for a particular audience group such as 15 and
over, only for the BBFC to impose an 18 certificate (such as ‘This is England’), although this is rare.
The film certificate influences the marketing campaign of the film since this will need to be pitched
at the age range indicated by the certificate. A distributor may indicate to the Board which
certificate they are hoping the film will be awarded, for example, a PG certificate to allow a wider
audience to see the film. The Board, in turn, might suggest cuts are made in order for it to get this
certificate.

Weitere ähnliche Inhalte

Was ist angesagt?

AS Media Studies (OCR) Section B G322
AS Media Studies (OCR) Section B G322AS Media Studies (OCR) Section B G322
AS Media Studies (OCR) Section B G322Mr Henley
 
Dredd and some stuff stolen from another teacher
Dredd and some stuff stolen from another teacherDredd and some stuff stolen from another teacher
Dredd and some stuff stolen from another teacherMr Smith
 
Answering a film industry question
Answering a film industry questionAnswering a film industry question
Answering a film industry questionJu-at-BSix
 
Film Industry Answers
Film Industry AnswersFilm Industry Answers
Film Industry AnswersJu-at-BSix
 
Film distribution
Film distributionFilm distribution
Film distributionrook529
 
Institutions and Audiences: British Film
Institutions and Audiences: British FilmInstitutions and Audiences: British Film
Institutions and Audiences: British FilmM Taylor
 
Cue cards for film industry as revision
Cue cards for film industry as revisionCue cards for film industry as revision
Cue cards for film industry as revisionhasnmedia
 
tent pole and quadrant marketing
 tent pole and quadrant marketing tent pole and quadrant marketing
tent pole and quadrant marketinghasnmedia
 
G322 section b using your case study new version
G322 section b using your case study new versionG322 section b using your case study new version
G322 section b using your case study new versionstaylorchs
 
Revision pack AS Institutions and Audiences
Revision pack  AS Institutions and AudiencesRevision pack  AS Institutions and Audiences
Revision pack AS Institutions and AudiencesNaamah Hill
 
G322 Film Industry Revision
G322 Film Industry RevisionG322 Film Industry Revision
G322 Film Industry Revisionegregson
 

Was ist angesagt? (15)

film distribution
film distributionfilm distribution
film distribution
 
AS Media Studies (OCR) Section B G322
AS Media Studies (OCR) Section B G322AS Media Studies (OCR) Section B G322
AS Media Studies (OCR) Section B G322
 
Dredd and some stuff stolen from another teacher
Dredd and some stuff stolen from another teacherDredd and some stuff stolen from another teacher
Dredd and some stuff stolen from another teacher
 
Answering a film industry question
Answering a film industry questionAnswering a film industry question
Answering a film industry question
 
06 g322 section b distribution
06 g322 section b   distribution06 g322 section b   distribution
06 g322 section b distribution
 
Film Industry Answers
Film Industry AnswersFilm Industry Answers
Film Industry Answers
 
Film distribution
Film distributionFilm distribution
Film distribution
 
Institutions and Audiences: British Film
Institutions and Audiences: British FilmInstitutions and Audiences: British Film
Institutions and Audiences: British Film
 
Distribution and marketing
Distribution and marketingDistribution and marketing
Distribution and marketing
 
Movie marketing glossary
Movie marketing glossaryMovie marketing glossary
Movie marketing glossary
 
Cue cards for film industry as revision
Cue cards for film industry as revisionCue cards for film industry as revision
Cue cards for film industry as revision
 
tent pole and quadrant marketing
 tent pole and quadrant marketing tent pole and quadrant marketing
tent pole and quadrant marketing
 
G322 section b using your case study new version
G322 section b using your case study new versionG322 section b using your case study new version
G322 section b using your case study new version
 
Revision pack AS Institutions and Audiences
Revision pack  AS Institutions and AudiencesRevision pack  AS Institutions and Audiences
Revision pack AS Institutions and Audiences
 
G322 Film Industry Revision
G322 Film Industry RevisionG322 Film Industry Revision
G322 Film Industry Revision
 

Andere mochten auch

Film distribution hand out
Film distribution hand outFilm distribution hand out
Film distribution hand outhasnmedia
 
Warner bros info
Warner bros infoWarner bros info
Warner bros infohasnmedia
 
Film Case study preparation 2014
Film Case study preparation 2014Film Case study preparation 2014
Film Case study preparation 2014hasnmedia
 
List of music videos for teaching
List of music videos for teachingList of music videos for teaching
List of music videos for teachinghasnmedia
 
A2 g325 spec for students
A2 g325 spec for studentsA2 g325 spec for students
A2 g325 spec for studentshasnmedia
 
A%20 level%20blog%20tools
A%20 level%20blog%20toolsA%20 level%20blog%20tools
A%20 level%20blog%20toolshasnmedia
 
Introduction to film distribution
Introduction to film distributionIntroduction to film distribution
Introduction to film distributionhasnmedia
 
magazine cover conventions
magazine cover conventionsmagazine cover conventions
magazine cover conventionshasnmedia
 
OCR A level media Q1b genre example answer A grade
OCR A level media Q1b  genre example answer A gradeOCR A level media Q1b  genre example answer A grade
OCR A level media Q1b genre example answer A gradehasnmedia
 
Feedback on identity q2
Feedback on identity q2Feedback on identity q2
Feedback on identity q2CHSGmedia
 
Info on streaming film
Info on streaming filmInfo on streaming film
Info on streaming filmhasnmedia
 
Case study preparation
Case study preparationCase study preparation
Case study preparationhasnmedia
 
Interview with warp films about funding
Interview with warp films about fundingInterview with warp films about funding
Interview with warp films about fundinghasnmedia
 
G325 sec. b colletive identity l3 blog
G325 sec. b colletive identity l3 blogG325 sec. b colletive identity l3 blog
G325 sec. b colletive identity l3 bloghasnmedia
 
OCR media A level - genre, section 1 exam
OCR media A level - genre, section 1 examOCR media A level - genre, section 1 exam
OCR media A level - genre, section 1 examhasnmedia
 
OCR A2 Media studies Exam Questions 1a and 1b tips UPDATED
OCR A2 Media studies Exam Questions 1a and 1b tips UPDATEDOCR A2 Media studies Exam Questions 1a and 1b tips UPDATED
OCR A2 Media studies Exam Questions 1a and 1b tips UPDATEDMr Smith
 
Viral marketing examples
Viral marketing examplesViral marketing examples
Viral marketing examplesCHSGmedia
 
MEST 3 Section A exam tips from AQA
MEST 3 Section A exam tips from AQAMEST 3 Section A exam tips from AQA
MEST 3 Section A exam tips from AQACHSGmedia
 
G325 sec. b colletive identity l11 blog
G325 sec. b colletive identity l11 blogG325 sec. b colletive identity l11 blog
G325 sec. b colletive identity l11 bloghasnmedia
 
Year 12 tent pole and quadrant marketing
Year 12 tent pole and quadrant marketingYear 12 tent pole and quadrant marketing
Year 12 tent pole and quadrant marketinghasnmedia
 

Andere mochten auch (20)

Film distribution hand out
Film distribution hand outFilm distribution hand out
Film distribution hand out
 
Warner bros info
Warner bros infoWarner bros info
Warner bros info
 
Film Case study preparation 2014
Film Case study preparation 2014Film Case study preparation 2014
Film Case study preparation 2014
 
List of music videos for teaching
List of music videos for teachingList of music videos for teaching
List of music videos for teaching
 
A2 g325 spec for students
A2 g325 spec for studentsA2 g325 spec for students
A2 g325 spec for students
 
A%20 level%20blog%20tools
A%20 level%20blog%20toolsA%20 level%20blog%20tools
A%20 level%20blog%20tools
 
Introduction to film distribution
Introduction to film distributionIntroduction to film distribution
Introduction to film distribution
 
magazine cover conventions
magazine cover conventionsmagazine cover conventions
magazine cover conventions
 
OCR A level media Q1b genre example answer A grade
OCR A level media Q1b  genre example answer A gradeOCR A level media Q1b  genre example answer A grade
OCR A level media Q1b genre example answer A grade
 
Feedback on identity q2
Feedback on identity q2Feedback on identity q2
Feedback on identity q2
 
Info on streaming film
Info on streaming filmInfo on streaming film
Info on streaming film
 
Case study preparation
Case study preparationCase study preparation
Case study preparation
 
Interview with warp films about funding
Interview with warp films about fundingInterview with warp films about funding
Interview with warp films about funding
 
G325 sec. b colletive identity l3 blog
G325 sec. b colletive identity l3 blogG325 sec. b colletive identity l3 blog
G325 sec. b colletive identity l3 blog
 
OCR media A level - genre, section 1 exam
OCR media A level - genre, section 1 examOCR media A level - genre, section 1 exam
OCR media A level - genre, section 1 exam
 
OCR A2 Media studies Exam Questions 1a and 1b tips UPDATED
OCR A2 Media studies Exam Questions 1a and 1b tips UPDATEDOCR A2 Media studies Exam Questions 1a and 1b tips UPDATED
OCR A2 Media studies Exam Questions 1a and 1b tips UPDATED
 
Viral marketing examples
Viral marketing examplesViral marketing examples
Viral marketing examples
 
MEST 3 Section A exam tips from AQA
MEST 3 Section A exam tips from AQAMEST 3 Section A exam tips from AQA
MEST 3 Section A exam tips from AQA
 
G325 sec. b colletive identity l11 blog
G325 sec. b colletive identity l11 blogG325 sec. b colletive identity l11 blog
G325 sec. b colletive identity l11 blog
 
Year 12 tent pole and quadrant marketing
Year 12 tent pole and quadrant marketingYear 12 tent pole and quadrant marketing
Year 12 tent pole and quadrant marketing
 

Ähnlich wie Film distribution hand out

Ähnlich wie Film distribution hand out (20)

Distribution
DistributionDistribution
Distribution
 
Film Distribution
Film DistributionFilm Distribution
Film Distribution
 
06 g322 section b distribution 2012
06 g322 section b   distribution 201206 g322 section b   distribution 2012
06 g322 section b distribution 2012
 
Film distribution
Film distributionFilm distribution
Film distribution
 
02 g322 section b film industry introduction 2014
02 g322 section b   film industry introduction 201402 g322 section b   film industry introduction 2014
02 g322 section b film industry introduction 2014
 
Film distribution
Film distributionFilm distribution
Film distribution
 
Film distribution
Film distributionFilm distribution
Film distribution
 
What is distribution media
What is distribution mediaWhat is distribution media
What is distribution media
 
Film distribution
Film distributionFilm distribution
Film distribution
 
What is Distribution
What is DistributionWhat is Distribution
What is Distribution
 
As section b revision booklet
As section b revision bookletAs section b revision booklet
As section b revision booklet
 
Aa main film industry power point
Aa main film industry power pointAa main film industry power point
Aa main film industry power point
 
British Film
British FilmBritish Film
British Film
 
What is distribution
What is distributionWhat is distribution
What is distribution
 
The british film industry 2 SECTION A
The british film industry 2 SECTION AThe british film industry 2 SECTION A
The british film industry 2 SECTION A
 
All of doms work
All of doms workAll of doms work
All of doms work
 
Distribution
DistributionDistribution
Distribution
 
02 g322 section b film industry introduction 2013
02 g322 section b   film industry introduction 201302 g322 section b   film industry introduction 2013
02 g322 section b film industry introduction 2013
 
Production funding.pdf
Production funding.pdf Production funding.pdf
Production funding.pdf
 
Production funding
Production fundingProduction funding
Production funding
 

Mehr von hasnmedia

Final revision lesson section 1 a2 exam
Final revision lesson section 1 a2 examFinal revision lesson section 1 a2 exam
Final revision lesson section 1 a2 examhasnmedia
 
Cue cards for film industry as revision
Cue cards for film industry as revisionCue cards for film industry as revision
Cue cards for film industry as revisionhasnmedia
 
Feedback on writing media film institution
Feedback on writing media film institutionFeedback on writing media film institution
Feedback on writing media film institutionhasnmedia
 
Audience for section 1b
Audience for section 1bAudience for section 1b
Audience for section 1bhasnmedia
 
Representation for section 1b
Representation for section 1bRepresentation for section 1b
Representation for section 1bhasnmedia
 
Narrative and essay planning for section 1b
Narrative and essay planning for section 1bNarrative and essay planning for section 1b
Narrative and essay planning for section 1bhasnmedia
 
OCR AS media Planning exam answer film industry
OCR AS media Planning exam answer film industryOCR AS media Planning exam answer film industry
OCR AS media Planning exam answer film industryhasnmedia
 
Two step flow and british and american audiences
Two step flow and british and american audiencesTwo step flow and british and american audiences
Two step flow and british and american audienceshasnmedia
 
Media convergence and synergy
Media convergence and synergyMedia convergence and synergy
Media convergence and synergyhasnmedia
 
AS film teaser poster campaigns
AS film teaser poster campaignsAS film teaser poster campaigns
AS film teaser poster campaignshasnmedia
 
Distribution lesson part 2
Distribution lesson part 2Distribution lesson part 2
Distribution lesson part 2hasnmedia
 
As tv drama 3
As tv drama 3As tv drama 3
As tv drama 3hasnmedia
 
Digital technology
Digital technologyDigital technology
Digital technologyhasnmedia
 
A2 Media Q1a creativity
A2 Media Q1a creativityA2 Media Q1a creativity
A2 Media Q1a creativityhasnmedia
 
Final lesson evaluations a2
Final lesson evaluations a2Final lesson evaluations a2
Final lesson evaluations a2hasnmedia
 
A2 g324 evaluation questions
A2 g324 evaluation questionsA2 g324 evaluation questions
A2 g324 evaluation questionshasnmedia
 
Websites and digipaks
Websites and digipaksWebsites and digipaks
Websites and digipakshasnmedia
 
Tracker december
Tracker decemberTracker december
Tracker decemberhasnmedia
 
Production roles - top trumps
Production roles  - top trumpsProduction roles  - top trumps
Production roles - top trumpshasnmedia
 

Mehr von hasnmedia (19)

Final revision lesson section 1 a2 exam
Final revision lesson section 1 a2 examFinal revision lesson section 1 a2 exam
Final revision lesson section 1 a2 exam
 
Cue cards for film industry as revision
Cue cards for film industry as revisionCue cards for film industry as revision
Cue cards for film industry as revision
 
Feedback on writing media film institution
Feedback on writing media film institutionFeedback on writing media film institution
Feedback on writing media film institution
 
Audience for section 1b
Audience for section 1bAudience for section 1b
Audience for section 1b
 
Representation for section 1b
Representation for section 1bRepresentation for section 1b
Representation for section 1b
 
Narrative and essay planning for section 1b
Narrative and essay planning for section 1bNarrative and essay planning for section 1b
Narrative and essay planning for section 1b
 
OCR AS media Planning exam answer film industry
OCR AS media Planning exam answer film industryOCR AS media Planning exam answer film industry
OCR AS media Planning exam answer film industry
 
Two step flow and british and american audiences
Two step flow and british and american audiencesTwo step flow and british and american audiences
Two step flow and british and american audiences
 
Media convergence and synergy
Media convergence and synergyMedia convergence and synergy
Media convergence and synergy
 
AS film teaser poster campaigns
AS film teaser poster campaignsAS film teaser poster campaigns
AS film teaser poster campaigns
 
Distribution lesson part 2
Distribution lesson part 2Distribution lesson part 2
Distribution lesson part 2
 
As tv drama 3
As tv drama 3As tv drama 3
As tv drama 3
 
Digital technology
Digital technologyDigital technology
Digital technology
 
A2 Media Q1a creativity
A2 Media Q1a creativityA2 Media Q1a creativity
A2 Media Q1a creativity
 
Final lesson evaluations a2
Final lesson evaluations a2Final lesson evaluations a2
Final lesson evaluations a2
 
A2 g324 evaluation questions
A2 g324 evaluation questionsA2 g324 evaluation questions
A2 g324 evaluation questions
 
Websites and digipaks
Websites and digipaksWebsites and digipaks
Websites and digipaks
 
Tracker december
Tracker decemberTracker december
Tracker december
 
Production roles - top trumps
Production roles  - top trumpsProduction roles  - top trumps
Production roles - top trumps
 

Kürzlich hochgeladen

CapTechU Doctoral Presentation -March 2024 slides.pptx
CapTechU Doctoral Presentation -March 2024 slides.pptxCapTechU Doctoral Presentation -March 2024 slides.pptx
CapTechU Doctoral Presentation -March 2024 slides.pptxCapitolTechU
 
What is the Future of QuickBooks DeskTop?
What is the Future of QuickBooks DeskTop?What is the Future of QuickBooks DeskTop?
What is the Future of QuickBooks DeskTop?TechSoup
 
5 charts on South Africa as a source country for international student recrui...
5 charts on South Africa as a source country for international student recrui...5 charts on South Africa as a source country for international student recrui...
5 charts on South Africa as a source country for international student recrui...CaraSkikne1
 
HED Office Sohayok Exam Question Solution 2023.pdf
HED Office Sohayok Exam Question Solution 2023.pdfHED Office Sohayok Exam Question Solution 2023.pdf
HED Office Sohayok Exam Question Solution 2023.pdfMohonDas
 
General views of Histopathology and step
General views of Histopathology and stepGeneral views of Histopathology and step
General views of Histopathology and stepobaje godwin sunday
 
P4C x ELT = P4ELT: Its Theoretical Background (Kanazawa, 2024 March).pdf
P4C x ELT = P4ELT: Its Theoretical Background (Kanazawa, 2024 March).pdfP4C x ELT = P4ELT: Its Theoretical Background (Kanazawa, 2024 March).pdf
P4C x ELT = P4ELT: Its Theoretical Background (Kanazawa, 2024 March).pdfYu Kanazawa / Osaka University
 
CHUYÊN ĐỀ DẠY THÊM TIẾNG ANH LỚP 11 - GLOBAL SUCCESS - NĂM HỌC 2023-2024 - HK...
CHUYÊN ĐỀ DẠY THÊM TIẾNG ANH LỚP 11 - GLOBAL SUCCESS - NĂM HỌC 2023-2024 - HK...CHUYÊN ĐỀ DẠY THÊM TIẾNG ANH LỚP 11 - GLOBAL SUCCESS - NĂM HỌC 2023-2024 - HK...
CHUYÊN ĐỀ DẠY THÊM TIẾNG ANH LỚP 11 - GLOBAL SUCCESS - NĂM HỌC 2023-2024 - HK...Nguyen Thanh Tu Collection
 
Benefits & Challenges of Inclusive Education
Benefits & Challenges of Inclusive EducationBenefits & Challenges of Inclusive Education
Benefits & Challenges of Inclusive EducationMJDuyan
 
The basics of sentences session 10pptx.pptx
The basics of sentences session 10pptx.pptxThe basics of sentences session 10pptx.pptx
The basics of sentences session 10pptx.pptxheathfieldcps1
 
How to Make a Field read-only in Odoo 17
How to Make a Field read-only in Odoo 17How to Make a Field read-only in Odoo 17
How to Make a Field read-only in Odoo 17Celine George
 
How to Show Error_Warning Messages in Odoo 17
How to Show Error_Warning Messages in Odoo 17How to Show Error_Warning Messages in Odoo 17
How to Show Error_Warning Messages in Odoo 17Celine George
 
DUST OF SNOW_BY ROBERT FROST_EDITED BY_ TANMOY MISHRA
DUST OF SNOW_BY ROBERT FROST_EDITED BY_ TANMOY MISHRADUST OF SNOW_BY ROBERT FROST_EDITED BY_ TANMOY MISHRA
DUST OF SNOW_BY ROBERT FROST_EDITED BY_ TANMOY MISHRATanmoy Mishra
 
PISA-VET launch_El Iza Mohamedou_19 March 2024.pptx
PISA-VET launch_El Iza Mohamedou_19 March 2024.pptxPISA-VET launch_El Iza Mohamedou_19 March 2024.pptx
PISA-VET launch_El Iza Mohamedou_19 March 2024.pptxEduSkills OECD
 
Easter in the USA presentation by Chloe.
Easter in the USA presentation by Chloe.Easter in the USA presentation by Chloe.
Easter in the USA presentation by Chloe.EnglishCEIPdeSigeiro
 
Diploma in Nursing Admission Test Question Solution 2023.pdf
Diploma in Nursing Admission Test Question Solution 2023.pdfDiploma in Nursing Admission Test Question Solution 2023.pdf
Diploma in Nursing Admission Test Question Solution 2023.pdfMohonDas
 
3.21.24 The Origins of Black Power.pptx
3.21.24  The Origins of Black Power.pptx3.21.24  The Origins of Black Power.pptx
3.21.24 The Origins of Black Power.pptxmary850239
 
Philosophy of Education and Educational Philosophy
Philosophy of Education  and Educational PhilosophyPhilosophy of Education  and Educational Philosophy
Philosophy of Education and Educational PhilosophyShuvankar Madhu
 
Education and training program in the hospital APR.pptx
Education and training program in the hospital APR.pptxEducation and training program in the hospital APR.pptx
Education and training program in the hospital APR.pptxraviapr7
 
How to Solve Singleton Error in the Odoo 17
How to Solve Singleton Error in the  Odoo 17How to Solve Singleton Error in the  Odoo 17
How to Solve Singleton Error in the Odoo 17Celine George
 

Kürzlich hochgeladen (20)

CapTechU Doctoral Presentation -March 2024 slides.pptx
CapTechU Doctoral Presentation -March 2024 slides.pptxCapTechU Doctoral Presentation -March 2024 slides.pptx
CapTechU Doctoral Presentation -March 2024 slides.pptx
 
What is the Future of QuickBooks DeskTop?
What is the Future of QuickBooks DeskTop?What is the Future of QuickBooks DeskTop?
What is the Future of QuickBooks DeskTop?
 
5 charts on South Africa as a source country for international student recrui...
5 charts on South Africa as a source country for international student recrui...5 charts on South Africa as a source country for international student recrui...
5 charts on South Africa as a source country for international student recrui...
 
HED Office Sohayok Exam Question Solution 2023.pdf
HED Office Sohayok Exam Question Solution 2023.pdfHED Office Sohayok Exam Question Solution 2023.pdf
HED Office Sohayok Exam Question Solution 2023.pdf
 
General views of Histopathology and step
General views of Histopathology and stepGeneral views of Histopathology and step
General views of Histopathology and step
 
P4C x ELT = P4ELT: Its Theoretical Background (Kanazawa, 2024 March).pdf
P4C x ELT = P4ELT: Its Theoretical Background (Kanazawa, 2024 March).pdfP4C x ELT = P4ELT: Its Theoretical Background (Kanazawa, 2024 March).pdf
P4C x ELT = P4ELT: Its Theoretical Background (Kanazawa, 2024 March).pdf
 
CHUYÊN ĐỀ DẠY THÊM TIẾNG ANH LỚP 11 - GLOBAL SUCCESS - NĂM HỌC 2023-2024 - HK...
CHUYÊN ĐỀ DẠY THÊM TIẾNG ANH LỚP 11 - GLOBAL SUCCESS - NĂM HỌC 2023-2024 - HK...CHUYÊN ĐỀ DẠY THÊM TIẾNG ANH LỚP 11 - GLOBAL SUCCESS - NĂM HỌC 2023-2024 - HK...
CHUYÊN ĐỀ DẠY THÊM TIẾNG ANH LỚP 11 - GLOBAL SUCCESS - NĂM HỌC 2023-2024 - HK...
 
Benefits & Challenges of Inclusive Education
Benefits & Challenges of Inclusive EducationBenefits & Challenges of Inclusive Education
Benefits & Challenges of Inclusive Education
 
The basics of sentences session 10pptx.pptx
The basics of sentences session 10pptx.pptxThe basics of sentences session 10pptx.pptx
The basics of sentences session 10pptx.pptx
 
How to Make a Field read-only in Odoo 17
How to Make a Field read-only in Odoo 17How to Make a Field read-only in Odoo 17
How to Make a Field read-only in Odoo 17
 
How to Show Error_Warning Messages in Odoo 17
How to Show Error_Warning Messages in Odoo 17How to Show Error_Warning Messages in Odoo 17
How to Show Error_Warning Messages in Odoo 17
 
DUST OF SNOW_BY ROBERT FROST_EDITED BY_ TANMOY MISHRA
DUST OF SNOW_BY ROBERT FROST_EDITED BY_ TANMOY MISHRADUST OF SNOW_BY ROBERT FROST_EDITED BY_ TANMOY MISHRA
DUST OF SNOW_BY ROBERT FROST_EDITED BY_ TANMOY MISHRA
 
Personal Resilience in Project Management 2 - TV Edit 1a.pdf
Personal Resilience in Project Management 2 - TV Edit 1a.pdfPersonal Resilience in Project Management 2 - TV Edit 1a.pdf
Personal Resilience in Project Management 2 - TV Edit 1a.pdf
 
PISA-VET launch_El Iza Mohamedou_19 March 2024.pptx
PISA-VET launch_El Iza Mohamedou_19 March 2024.pptxPISA-VET launch_El Iza Mohamedou_19 March 2024.pptx
PISA-VET launch_El Iza Mohamedou_19 March 2024.pptx
 
Easter in the USA presentation by Chloe.
Easter in the USA presentation by Chloe.Easter in the USA presentation by Chloe.
Easter in the USA presentation by Chloe.
 
Diploma in Nursing Admission Test Question Solution 2023.pdf
Diploma in Nursing Admission Test Question Solution 2023.pdfDiploma in Nursing Admission Test Question Solution 2023.pdf
Diploma in Nursing Admission Test Question Solution 2023.pdf
 
3.21.24 The Origins of Black Power.pptx
3.21.24  The Origins of Black Power.pptx3.21.24  The Origins of Black Power.pptx
3.21.24 The Origins of Black Power.pptx
 
Philosophy of Education and Educational Philosophy
Philosophy of Education  and Educational PhilosophyPhilosophy of Education  and Educational Philosophy
Philosophy of Education and Educational Philosophy
 
Education and training program in the hospital APR.pptx
Education and training program in the hospital APR.pptxEducation and training program in the hospital APR.pptx
Education and training program in the hospital APR.pptx
 
How to Solve Singleton Error in the Odoo 17
How to Solve Singleton Error in the  Odoo 17How to Solve Singleton Error in the  Odoo 17
How to Solve Singleton Error in the Odoo 17
 

Film distribution hand out

  • 1. Film Distribution Consider these two competing views of who holds the most power in terms of influencing what films get made and seen: If you break it down and look at it as a business then the audience has the greatest power. It's the audience that tells you what they like. So if the audience likes a particular superstar, then Hollywood is forced to use the superstar and that star then becomes extremely powerful. (Tony Angellotti) In a world where money spent on the budget of a film often sees 50 % going on promotion as opposed to what you actually see on screen, the idea that we have a world where the consumer can exercise authority is absurd. This industry is like any other. Of course it has to sell things, but it doesn't rely on waiting, listening, responding to what audiences want and then delivering that to them. It relies on knowing which parts of the world and the media need its products and will pay for them. (Toby Miller) They can't both be right and you therefore need to come to an informed judgement on this dynamic. In the case of film marketing, it is a complex issue. Q. Did millions of people go to see Pirates of the Caribbean 2 in the first week of release because it is such a great film, or because it is so well marketed? Or both? It took $135,634,554 in its opening weekend in the US alone, 32% of its final total gross. Definition of a distributor: A distributor is the link between the film-makers and the public, and allows a film to reach the public via the cinemas, DVD/video and on television. There are a number of distribution companies in the UK, all with different styles, funding structures, aims and marketing plans, all trying to sell their films in an incredibly competitive environment. Each distribution company takes on a certain number of titles each year and creates an individual release-plan for those films. Their responsibilities include: deciding on a release date; deciding how many prints to produce and in which cinemas to screen them; advertising campaigns; o designing art work for adverts, posters, flyers and billboards; organising premieres and talker screenings; o booking talent (i.e. the stars or director) for press interviews and personal appearances. Distributors are also responsible for negotiating deals regarding the film's release on video and DVD, and showings on television, cable and satellite channels. 59 A film could come to the distributor in a range of ways —films produced by the main American studios will be distributed through their own companies, so Warner Bros. will distribute their own films as will 20th Century Fox and Buena Vista International will distribute Disney films as it is the Disney distribution 'arm'. Some films are seen at film festivals and are picked up through complicated negotiations with sales agents and producers so deals can be struck in different territories (i.e. North America, Europe, Asia, Australasia).
  • 2. Some Background Facts and Statistics Worldwide spend on films is around $65 billion a year, of which the distributors' share is about $35 billion. Total revenues are split almost equally between the North American market and the Rest of the World. The industry has doubled in size in the last since 2000 - an annual growth rate of almost 10%. Few, if any, major businesses can boast such continued growth over this period. DVD has contributed significantly to the growth levels. DVD sales have seen a tenfold rise in the last 3 years. The average cost for an American studio film is now more than $50m with a further $30m spent on marketing (up from $8m and $3m respectively in 1980). Theatrical (i.e. cinema) revenues only account for about 25% of the total profit, with DVD taking about 40%; television screening accounting for 28% and ancillary revenues the final 7%. The main revenue streams for filmed entertainment are: 1. Theatrical (cinema) exhibition 2. DVD/Blu-ray rental 3. DVD/Blu-ray retail (or sell-through) 4. Pay per View Television 5. Subscription or Pay Television In the UK, distributors are divided into the majors and the independents. The Majors The majors are those affiliated to the biggest Hollywood companies and are: • Warner Bros.; • 20th Century Fox; • Columbia Tri-Star; • Buena Vista International (BVI, owned by the Disney Corporation); • United International Pictures (UIP, who release films from Universal and MGM studios). The films released by the majors tend to be mainstream - Hollywood blockbusters as well as UK/USA co productions such as Bridget Jones's Diary, Love Actually and Calendar Girls. Some companies have an 'indie' arm such as Fox Searchlight or Focus Features (Universal) that will take risks on films that are not such commercial blockbusters. The Independents These are companies who release a much wider range of films, and include Artificial Eye, Pattie, Metro Tartan, Metrodome, Momentum and Contemporary. Titles will include foreign language films, documentaries, re-releases and non-mainstream Hollywood/UK titles picked up at film festivals across the world. Entertainment Distribution is an unusual case in that it is a UK independent that has a long standing relationship with US studio New Line Cinema (a unit of the Time Warner Corporation). Entertainment release their titles in the UK, therefore getting such films as Lord Of the Rings as well as small UK tides such as Sex Lives of the Potato Men and Charlie (2004). (The vast majority of Entertainment's 14.5 % market share in the table opposite will have come from the
  • 3. second and third films in The Lord of the Rings trilogy, both on release in 2003). Acquiring a film A distributor can acquire the rights to release a film in the UK in a number of different ways: • directly from their parent studio (i.e. Universal through UIP); • through a deal a distributor may have with a production company or studio; • a distributor may be approached by a third party sales agent; • a distributor may attend a film festival and approach a sales agent after watching a film at a screening. A distribution deal is different for every film, and will include theatrical rights (i.e. the screening of the film in cinemas), and possibly the release of the film on DVD as well as TV and satellite rights. Releasing a film Hollywood distributors will consider their release strategies from (at least) four perspectives: Global: where will the film work? Regional: how will we make it work in (say) Europe? National: how should we release it in each country? Local: are there any particular local conditions that need to be taken into account within each country? Many things have to be taken into consideration when distributors choose a release date for a movie. School holidays in Easter, half term, summer and Christmas tend to be the time when big family movies are set for release. Big national sporting events, particularly when England are taking part, such as the European Championships and the World Cup can affect audiences, so care is taken about releasing male-orientated, action-type movies at that time. It is also crucial to know the landscape with regard to film and media related events happening nationally and most importantly, what else is being released at the time. The last thing you want is your film being released on the weekend The Lord of the Rings: The Return of the King (2003) or Indiana Jones and the Kingdom of the Crystal Skull (2008), are released, both of which will swamp the media and the national consciousness (unless, that is, you are consciously positioning the marketing strategy in opposition to these blockbusters). Film Classification Before a film can be shown to a paying audience, it is required by law that it is certificated by the British Board of Film Classification. This ensures, for example, that films which are of an adult nature are not shown to children. Distributors must submit their films to be watched by examiners who write reports describing each film and justifying the decisions they have reached. The cost to the distributor is roughly £9.50 per minute, so classification of an average film cost around £800 – £1100. It is possible for a film to be targeted and promoted for a particular audience group such as 15 and over, only for the BBFC to impose an 18 certificate (such as ‘This is England’), although this is rare. The film certificate influences the marketing campaign of the film since this will need to be pitched at the age range indicated by the certificate. A distributor may indicate to the Board which certificate they are hoping the film will be awarded, for example, a PG certificate to allow a wider audience to see the film. The Board, in turn, might suggest cuts are made in order for it to get this certificate.