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PRESENTATION ON
IN-PLANT TRAINING
       DURATION:06-06-2011 to 02-07-2011

                 AT
  Kanti bijlee utpadan nigam ltd.
       (a jv of ntpc & bseb) By- Hari ohm Singh
            Kanti, Muzaffarpur, Bihar      Reg no:- 09bee020
History Of Development of Plant

            • Vaishali power generating company ltd.(VPGCL)
Formerly •Owned by “Bihar State Electricity Board”


            • Kanti Bijlee Utpadan Nigam Ltd.
Currently   • A joint venture of NTPC(51-74%) and BSEB(49-26%)


            • It is totally coal fired thermal power station.
Features


            • There are two units each of 110MW installed capacity.
Capacity    • Installed capacity= 2*110 MW
Step-1
       coal to steam


           Step-2
  steam to mechanical power

           Step-3
power generation , transmission &
distribution
•working fluid is pumped from low to high pressure.
Process
  1-2
          • high pressure liquid enters a boiler where it is
            heated at constant pressure by an external heat
Process
  2-3       source to become a dry saturated vapor.

          • The dry saturated vapor expands through
Process     a turbine, generating power.
  3-4


          • The wet vapor then enters a condenser where it is
Process     condensed at a constant temperature to become
  4-1       a saturated liquid.

          • After the vapor has passed through H.P. it is
            reheated before passing through I.P. turbine.
Process   • this prevents the vapor from condensing during its
  3-3’      expansion which can seriously damage the turbine
            blades, and improves the efficiency of the cycle
The coal is unloaded either manually or with the help of
wagon tippler into the hopper to the conveyer belt.
Coal is passed through metal detectors in order to remove
metals present in coal.
Stones from coal is removed manually in its journey through
conveyer belt.
Then the coal is passed through vibrating screen where coal
of 5mm is separated from large coals.
Then coal is crushed in crusher and passed through metal
detectors to remove iron particles.
Coal is then supplied from coal bunker to pulverizing mill.
Coal dust comes out of this mill.(KBUNL have ball mills)
thermal power station
At KBUNL water tube boiler is employed for steam
generation.

Fuel is burnt in furnace . The pulverized coal is dried by P.A fans and
secondary air is provided by F.D fan for pulverized coal combustion in
the furnace.

Water from boiler is passed through the down comers to the bottom
ring header. From bottom ring header water goes to water walls for
heat absorption and conversion in to steam.

Bottom of furnace is open to allow ash/clinkers to fall freely in to the
bottom ash hopper. And flue gas is used in economiser and reheaters.
Then it is discharged with the help of I.D fan in to atmosphere.
thermal power station
thermal power station
High pressure
turbine                  Intermediate
•It is of single flow    pressure turbine           Low pressure turbine
 design with eight       •Double flow design        •It is also of double
 stages of blading.       with seven stages of       flow design with 6
•Each stage has           blading on either side.    stages in front and
 moving and              •Each stage has             rear flow paths.
 stationary blades.       moving and stationary     •Each stage has
•Superheated              blades.                    moving and
 steam(at 1100⁰c) from   •Reheated steam(at          stationary blades.
 boiler drum enters in    535⁰ c) from H.P          •Stem out of I.P.
 to it.                   turbine outlet enters      turbine directly
•Speed-3000rpm            in to it.                  enters in to it.
                         •Speed-3000rpm             •Speed-3000rpm
Rating                   Continuous


Active Output            110 MW


Rated Voltage            11000+/-5%V


Rated Current            7220 A


Power Factor             0.8 lagging


Frequency                50 Hz


Excitation System        Static type


Field current at rated 1335 A
output

Type of cooling system   Hydrogen Cooled


Hydrogen Pressure        2 Ata


No. Of      H₂   cooled 06
elements

Cooling medium for H₂    Soft water
Mechanical power produced at the shaft of the turbine is
used to rotate rotor.
Rotating Magnetic flux produced by rotor cuts stator
conductor and from electromagnetic induction, electricity is
produced .
rotor runs at 3000 rpm, produces 3-phase voltage at 11kv ,
and of 50 HZ frequency.

Oil shielded hydrogen is used for the cooling purpose of
generator.
In case of any fault if production of plants stops then bearing motor
rotates rotor shaft of turbine continuously at 65 rpm. This is because if
shaft doesn’t rotate then due to load it may bend.
KBUNL has a capacity to generate 220 MW of electricity
but only one unit is working and another is under R&M
process. 90 MW is generated out of 110 MW.

The transmission is done through 3-phase , double circuit system.


With the help of station transformer 11kv is step up to 220 kv and
fed to substation.
It is the brain of any substation. All necessary steps about Transmission ,
protection, Charging e.t.c are carried out in the control room.
Measuring instruments of the control room:-

                 Relay circuit
                 •A protective device that operate during faulty condition and gives command to
                  circuit breaker to trip. Mainly the electromagnetic induction relays are used.




                 Fault locator
                 By comparing voltage and current the relay measures the line
                 impedance up to the point of fault and locate the position of
                 fault from the previous knowledge of line impedance.

                 Switch gear
                 • Switches used in substation for making or breaking the
                   electrical contacts in convenient way. There are two
                   type of switches air switch and oil switch.
Voltmeter and ammeter
•As the names imply they are used for measuring voltage and
 current respectively.

Power meter
•Used to measure the power in standard unit of MW or KW.



Crt screen
•A computer arrangement in which current information about
 transmission line is seen.


Battery room
Consists of several batteries and chargers for emergency
purpose.
It consists of following equipments :-
   transformer
   •The autotransformer used in power station. It has three windings primary,
    secondary and tertiary. The 220kv voltage is fed as input to primary by step
    down 132kv fed to KBUNL as input.


   circuit breaker(sf6 at KBUNL)
   •Used for closing or opening an electrical circuit under normal or abnormal
    conditions. These circuit breakers are equipped with trip coil connected to relay,
    design to open breaker automatically


   tower
   •We have suspension type tower called as ‘A’ type tower. The peak point angle is
    0⁰ to 2⁰. In this type conductor is suspended with an insulator.
   •Guard ring Is used to balance the capacitive current in transmission lines.
Current transformer
•Used to reduce the current level such that it can be measured easily.



Bus isolators
•Used to isolate bus bars.



Lightning arrestor
•Used to protect the transmission line and connected equipment during
 lightening .


Wave trap
wave trap which changes the frequency 50Hz to 500Hz can be
used for communicate between power plants.
• A controlled quantity of crushed coal is fed to each bowl mill (pulveriser) by its
           respective feeders and primary air is supplied from the primary air fans which drives
           the coal as it is being pulverized and transports the pulverized coal through the coal
Step-1     piping system to the coal burner.



         •The pulverized coal and air discharge from the coal burners is directed
          towards the centre of furnace to form fire ball.
Step-2

         •The secondary air heating system supplies secondary air for combustion
          in the furnace around the pulverized coal burners and through auxiliary
Step-3    air compartments ,directly adjacent to the coal burner compartments.


         •Above a predictable minimum loading condition, the ignition becomes
          self-sustaining. Combustion is completed as the gases spiral up in the
Step-4    furnace.
•The terminal voltage of alternator must be equal to the bus-bar voltage.
Step-1

         •The running speed frequency must be equal to the bus-bar frequency.
         •( Ns=120f/P ) => ( f=PN/120 )
Step-2   •Where, f= frequency,P= no. Of poles ,N= speed of alternator



         •The phase sequence of the incoming unit must be same as that of the
          existing bus bar to which the generator is to be synchronized.
Step-3
thermal power station

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thermal power station

  • 1. PRESENTATION ON IN-PLANT TRAINING DURATION:06-06-2011 to 02-07-2011 AT Kanti bijlee utpadan nigam ltd. (a jv of ntpc & bseb) By- Hari ohm Singh Kanti, Muzaffarpur, Bihar Reg no:- 09bee020
  • 2. History Of Development of Plant • Vaishali power generating company ltd.(VPGCL) Formerly •Owned by “Bihar State Electricity Board” • Kanti Bijlee Utpadan Nigam Ltd. Currently • A joint venture of NTPC(51-74%) and BSEB(49-26%) • It is totally coal fired thermal power station. Features • There are two units each of 110MW installed capacity. Capacity • Installed capacity= 2*110 MW
  • 3. Step-1 coal to steam Step-2 steam to mechanical power Step-3 power generation , transmission & distribution
  • 4. •working fluid is pumped from low to high pressure. Process 1-2 • high pressure liquid enters a boiler where it is heated at constant pressure by an external heat Process 2-3 source to become a dry saturated vapor. • The dry saturated vapor expands through Process a turbine, generating power. 3-4 • The wet vapor then enters a condenser where it is Process condensed at a constant temperature to become 4-1 a saturated liquid. • After the vapor has passed through H.P. it is reheated before passing through I.P. turbine. Process • this prevents the vapor from condensing during its 3-3’ expansion which can seriously damage the turbine blades, and improves the efficiency of the cycle
  • 5. The coal is unloaded either manually or with the help of wagon tippler into the hopper to the conveyer belt. Coal is passed through metal detectors in order to remove metals present in coal. Stones from coal is removed manually in its journey through conveyer belt. Then the coal is passed through vibrating screen where coal of 5mm is separated from large coals. Then coal is crushed in crusher and passed through metal detectors to remove iron particles. Coal is then supplied from coal bunker to pulverizing mill. Coal dust comes out of this mill.(KBUNL have ball mills)
  • 7. At KBUNL water tube boiler is employed for steam generation. Fuel is burnt in furnace . The pulverized coal is dried by P.A fans and secondary air is provided by F.D fan for pulverized coal combustion in the furnace. Water from boiler is passed through the down comers to the bottom ring header. From bottom ring header water goes to water walls for heat absorption and conversion in to steam. Bottom of furnace is open to allow ash/clinkers to fall freely in to the bottom ash hopper. And flue gas is used in economiser and reheaters. Then it is discharged with the help of I.D fan in to atmosphere.
  • 10. High pressure turbine Intermediate •It is of single flow pressure turbine Low pressure turbine design with eight •Double flow design •It is also of double stages of blading. with seven stages of flow design with 6 •Each stage has blading on either side. stages in front and moving and •Each stage has rear flow paths. stationary blades. moving and stationary •Each stage has •Superheated blades. moving and steam(at 1100⁰c) from •Reheated steam(at stationary blades. boiler drum enters in 535⁰ c) from H.P •Stem out of I.P. to it. turbine outlet enters turbine directly •Speed-3000rpm in to it. enters in to it. •Speed-3000rpm •Speed-3000rpm
  • 11. Rating Continuous Active Output 110 MW Rated Voltage 11000+/-5%V Rated Current 7220 A Power Factor 0.8 lagging Frequency 50 Hz Excitation System Static type Field current at rated 1335 A output Type of cooling system Hydrogen Cooled Hydrogen Pressure 2 Ata No. Of H₂ cooled 06 elements Cooling medium for H₂ Soft water
  • 12. Mechanical power produced at the shaft of the turbine is used to rotate rotor. Rotating Magnetic flux produced by rotor cuts stator conductor and from electromagnetic induction, electricity is produced . rotor runs at 3000 rpm, produces 3-phase voltage at 11kv , and of 50 HZ frequency. Oil shielded hydrogen is used for the cooling purpose of generator. In case of any fault if production of plants stops then bearing motor rotates rotor shaft of turbine continuously at 65 rpm. This is because if shaft doesn’t rotate then due to load it may bend.
  • 13. KBUNL has a capacity to generate 220 MW of electricity but only one unit is working and another is under R&M process. 90 MW is generated out of 110 MW. The transmission is done through 3-phase , double circuit system. With the help of station transformer 11kv is step up to 220 kv and fed to substation.
  • 14. It is the brain of any substation. All necessary steps about Transmission , protection, Charging e.t.c are carried out in the control room. Measuring instruments of the control room:- Relay circuit •A protective device that operate during faulty condition and gives command to circuit breaker to trip. Mainly the electromagnetic induction relays are used. Fault locator By comparing voltage and current the relay measures the line impedance up to the point of fault and locate the position of fault from the previous knowledge of line impedance. Switch gear • Switches used in substation for making or breaking the electrical contacts in convenient way. There are two type of switches air switch and oil switch.
  • 15. Voltmeter and ammeter •As the names imply they are used for measuring voltage and current respectively. Power meter •Used to measure the power in standard unit of MW or KW. Crt screen •A computer arrangement in which current information about transmission line is seen. Battery room Consists of several batteries and chargers for emergency purpose.
  • 16. It consists of following equipments :- transformer •The autotransformer used in power station. It has three windings primary, secondary and tertiary. The 220kv voltage is fed as input to primary by step down 132kv fed to KBUNL as input. circuit breaker(sf6 at KBUNL) •Used for closing or opening an electrical circuit under normal or abnormal conditions. These circuit breakers are equipped with trip coil connected to relay, design to open breaker automatically tower •We have suspension type tower called as ‘A’ type tower. The peak point angle is 0⁰ to 2⁰. In this type conductor is suspended with an insulator. •Guard ring Is used to balance the capacitive current in transmission lines.
  • 17. Current transformer •Used to reduce the current level such that it can be measured easily. Bus isolators •Used to isolate bus bars. Lightning arrestor •Used to protect the transmission line and connected equipment during lightening . Wave trap wave trap which changes the frequency 50Hz to 500Hz can be used for communicate between power plants.
  • 18. • A controlled quantity of crushed coal is fed to each bowl mill (pulveriser) by its respective feeders and primary air is supplied from the primary air fans which drives the coal as it is being pulverized and transports the pulverized coal through the coal Step-1 piping system to the coal burner. •The pulverized coal and air discharge from the coal burners is directed towards the centre of furnace to form fire ball. Step-2 •The secondary air heating system supplies secondary air for combustion in the furnace around the pulverized coal burners and through auxiliary Step-3 air compartments ,directly adjacent to the coal burner compartments. •Above a predictable minimum loading condition, the ignition becomes self-sustaining. Combustion is completed as the gases spiral up in the Step-4 furnace.
  • 19. •The terminal voltage of alternator must be equal to the bus-bar voltage. Step-1 •The running speed frequency must be equal to the bus-bar frequency. •( Ns=120f/P ) => ( f=PN/120 ) Step-2 •Where, f= frequency,P= no. Of poles ,N= speed of alternator •The phase sequence of the incoming unit must be same as that of the existing bus bar to which the generator is to be synchronized. Step-3