1. A comparison of the Daegu and Edinburgh musicalindustries: A triple helix approach Presented by: Gohar Feroz Khan Authors: Gohar Feroz Khan, SeongEun Cho, Han Woo Park This article is accepted for publication in the Scientometrics Cite as: Khan, G. F., Cho, S., & Park, H. W. (in press), A comparison of the Daegu and Edinburgh musical industries: a triple helix approach. Scientometrics, 1-15. doi: 10.1007/s11192-011-0504-9

2. Introduction Korean government’s desire to boost economy by holding social events For example, social events such as meetings, incentive tours, conventions, and exhibitions, festivals have been widely acknowledged in Korea Korean government want tourism industry to play a crucial role in revitalizing the national economy. Korea has hosted more than 1,000 regional festivals in the recent decade (Jung, 2011)

3. Examples

4. Examples The 2018 Winter Olympics in Pyeongchang; The 2011 World Championships in Athletics in Daegu; Pusan International Film Festival; The Gwangjoo Biennale; The Hi Seoul Festival;

5. Daegu city as a social hub Daegu City is a well-known social hub in Korea Home to several festivals and social events E.g. Daegu International Musical Festival (DIMF)

6. On the International Fronts Edinburgh (the UK), a well-known social hub is home to the Edinburgh International Festival (EIF),which represents the city’s musical spirit. Since 1947, the EIF has offered a wide range of cultural events (e.g., musicals)

7. Daegu V.S Edinburg The DIMF was initiated in 2006 to be the EIF’s Asian counterpart The primary purpose of the DIMF is to increase Korea’s international exposure and generate economic opportunities, and thus, its events focus on global audiences.

8. Research Question How has Daegu’s musical industry (MI) performed at the local and international levels? Specifically, how well has Daegu been integrated into the local and international musical industries?

9. Method Triple Helix Model & its Indicators To understand the systemness in MI Webometric Impact Analysis To understand web impact of MI

10. TH model Fig. 1 TH model Fig. 2 TH model of the musical industry (MI) T-values For example: Negative three dimensional T-values (i.e., dme) indicates a decrease in uncertainty and an increase in the dynamics of the MI We used the hit counts of the three TH components (i.e., “Edinburgh,” “Daegu,” and “Musical”) to measure T-values Tdm = Hd + Hm –Hdm . (1) Tdme = Hd + Hm + He –Hdm –Hde –Hem + Hdme .(2)

11. Webometric impact analysis Webometric impact analysis is a convenient and effective tool for examining the effects of a phenomenon over the Internet (Thelwall , 2009; Park, 2010). Webometric Analyst (a new version of LexiURL) was used (Zuccala and Thelwall, 2006).

12. Data Hit counts and URL data was collected (2000-2011) Local Data-Naver.com for testing the Korean MI in the Korean context. Webpages and news media sites Internationaldata-Bing.com for testing the Korean MI in the international context

13. ResultsKorean Musical Industry: A Triple Helix Analysis (Local) Table 1 Hit counts for Edinburgh, Daegu, and Musical in the webpage category Table 2 Hit counts for Edinburgh, Daegu, and Musical in the news media category

14. ResultsT-values: Testing for Systemness in the Musical Industry The Webpage and News Media Categories Figure 3. T-values for the news media category Figure 2. T-values for the webpage catagory

16. “Edinburgh Musical” attracted diverse domains such as go.kr, re.kr, and ac.kr within Korea.

18. Unlike Daegu, Edinburgh attracted considerable attention from domains inside the U.K. (83 co.uk domains).

19. “Daegu Musical” (10 domains) attracted more .net domains than “Edinburgh Musical” (5 domians).

20. In addition, “Edinburgh Musical” attracted a diverse range of domains.

22. Results Korean Musical Industry: A Triple Helix Analysis (International)Hit Counts Figure 4. T-values in two and three dimensions

23. Discussion & conclusion This study makes innovative use of the TH model and its indicators by applying them to the musical industry. Daegu has yet to emerge as a musical hub on international fronts over web. To maximize the economic and social impact of Daegu as social hub; the organizer should target a diverse range of websites (e.g., social networking sites and commercial sites) as well as some specific domains (e.g., .co).

24. Limitations Search engine reliability Search engines generally do not provide accurate hit counts Therefore, the T-values, which used only hit counts, were only statistically valid. Further, we tried to measure the events as two separate phenomena on the Internet. However, because the Internet is a global phenomenon, such a classification method may not produce accurate hit counts for some terms.

25. Thank you Comments/Questions are welcomed