1. LOGO
Respiratory
System
Arba P. Ramadani

3. Respiratory System
Structural
Upper
Function
Lower
Conducting
zone
Respiratory
zone

4. NOSE

5. NOSE
Eksternal
bony&cartilaginous framework
function?
Internal nasal cavity, vestibule, & septum

6. PHARYNX
levelfive.com/ZINA/IMAGES/Anatomical/pharynx.jpg

7. PHARYNX
Function??
Regio: nasopharynx, oropharynx,
laryngopharynx

8. LARYNX

9. LARYNX
Voice box
Short passageway, connect the
laryngopharynx with the trachea
Larynx wall 9 pieces cartilage
eg. epiglotis

10. TRACHEA

11. TRACHEA
Windpipe, tubular passageway for air
Layers: mucosa, submucosa, hyaline
cartilage, adventitia
C-shaped cartilage ring
control diameter change
maintain efficient airflow

12. BRONCHI
graphics8.nytimes.com/.../health/adam/1103.jpg

13. LUNGS
www.avastin.com/.../lung/learn/develops/index.m

14. LUNGS
Paired cone-shaped organ
Pleural membrane parietal p., visceral p.,
p. cavity
Lobes
3 lobes on right & 2 lobes on left
Blood supply pulmonary&bronchial arteries
Hypoxia ventilation-perfusion coupling

15. Terminal
bronchioles
Alveolar sacs
Alveolar duct
Alveoli

16. webanatomy.net/.../respiratory/alveolar_sacs.jpg

17. RESPIRATION
Pulmonary ventilation
External (pulmonary) respiration
Internal (tissue) respiration
Respiration

18. PULMONARY VENTILATION
Air moves into or out of lungs
pressure differences
air
Inhalation
contraction of diaphragm
(75%) & external intercostals (25%)
lungs expand lung vol >>
decrease
lung pressure
Exhalation
passive process
inspiratory muscles relax
lung vol <<
alveolar pressure increases

19. Factors affecting pulmonary ventilation
Surface tension
of alveolar fluid
Compliance of
the lungs
Airway
resistance

20. P O2 & P CO2

21. Rate of pulmonary &systemic gas exchange
Partial pressure difference
Surface area available
Diffusion distance
Molecular weight & solubility

22. Breathing Pattern
Eupnea
Costal breathing/
shallow/chest
Diaphragmatic
breathing /
deep

23. LUNG VOLUME

24. Transport O2 & CO2

25. Affinity Hb-O2
Acidity (pH)
PCO2
Temperature
BPG

26. Control of Respiration
1
2
Medullary
Rhythmicity
Area
Pneumotaxic
Area
3
Apneustic
Area

27. Regulation of the respiratory center
Cortical
influence
Inflation reflex
Propioceptor
Chemoreceptor
Others