Escalating website and Web application complexity, content volumes, refresh rates and user demands surpass what traditional content delivery networks (CDNs) can effectively manage. This, combined with the lack of transparency and control in many systems, results in poor performance and end-user experience, ultimately compromising business outcomes.

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© 2010 Cotendo, Inc. All rights reserved.
A Smarter Content Delivery System
To Accelerate Complex Content
The Evolution of
Legacy CDNs
1998 to 2010 were twelve years of
explosive, global growth in the use
of the Internet. In 1998, the year
Content Delivery Networks (CDNs)
first appeared, the Internet was a
landscape of static objects used by
just 147 million people, only 3.6% of
the world’s population. In December
2009, the number of users had grown
more than ten fold, to over
1.7 billion users–over 25% of the
world’s population*.
The Internet of today looks and acts
nothing like the Internet of 1998.
However, the prevailing approach to
managing and accelerating content
on the Internet is built on the original
1998 architecture. A patchwork of
in-house developed and acquired
solutions have been glued onto the
original foundation, as traditional
CDNs add mountains of servers to try
to push more volume and variety of
content through fatter “pipes.”
At the same time, the expectations
of global end users for the efficient
delivery of static and dynamic content
has grown as the amount of content
and number of online users grows.
Over time, throwing more servers and
bigger pipes at the problem becomes
increasingly expensive, burdening the
content provider, while not addressing
the fundamental challenges of deliver-
ing today’s diverse content efficiently.
The old-fashioned “fatter pipes”
approach is being overwhelmed by the
immense volume of online content and
the global demand for access
to the content.
A Holistic, Fresh
Approach To Internet
Content Delivery
In 2008, Cotendo took a fresh
approach to the problem of online
content delivery. Using a holistic view
of the Internet, Cotendo’s software
engineers and Internet experts
leveraged the latest software develop-
ment techniques to maximize
efficiency at each step in the process
of the content delivery value chain.
They also focused on the important
and unmet need for flexible content
acceleration and site acceleration
services, as well as the need for
sophisticated management of per-
formance and cost. The goal was to
develop the next-generation content
delivery platform, using intelligent
server software, which would drive
optimized content in the ways outlined
in the next section.
Infrastructure:
• Unified and optimized server,
rather than the traditional
approach of bolting on more
servers and infrastructure;
• More economical and efficient
use of hardware—one server
performing all content delivery
tasks, instead of having dedicated
servers for each individual service.
(The multiple-server model of
old-fashioned CDNs results in
less efficient performance, as
well as complex and inefficient
integration.)
*Internet Growth and Statistics—Internet Usage Stats, September 2009:
wwwallaboutmarketresearch.com/internet.htm—1/29/10
Central Management:
• Centralized management
architecture, rather than
distributed approach, enabling
better and easier control of
content and visibility of all online
traffic, while still being fully
redundant and fault tolerant;
• Centralized management tools that
provide full control to manage
the configuration and publish
in real time;
• Real-time, online reporting (not
just daily or weekly reports).
Whole Site Acceleration:
• Integrated suite of content
delivery and website acceleration
solutions;
• Accelerated delivery of ALL types
of content–small objects, large
objects, dynamic (non-cacheable)
or static (cacheable) content, and
either standard or Secure Sockets
Layer (SSL) delivery;
• Fast, secure, and reliable whole
site acceleration of both static
and dynamic content;
• Highly efficient and advanced
distributed Domain Name
Service (DNS);
From this groundbreaking work
emerged the Cotendo Unity Platform,
a new class of purpose-built CDN and
Site Acceleration services, based on
an evaluation of the key issues that
content providers face today, around
performance, efficiency, and function-
ality. The tight integration among the
services in the Cotendo Unity Platform
yields the maximum performance in
content acceleration for co-mingled
and co-located delivery and DNS
services, streamlining delivery of all
types of content to end users around
the globe.

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© 2010 Cotendo, Inc. All rights reserved.
Cotendo Content
Delivery service,
combined with
Dynamic Site
Acceleration and
SSL, delivers Whole
Site Acceleration–
one service served
from one hostname–
resulting in smooth
and easy integration
and maximum
flexibility.
The Cotendo
Unity Platform
The Cotendo Unity Platform is based
on the following services, which also
serve as the foundation for its
continuing innovation:
• Content Delivery—Increases the
speed of delivery of static content
of all types, with the flexibility to
manage all aspects of caching
and delivery;
• Dynamic Site Acceleration (DSA)—
Accelerates the performance
of dynamic Web pages, such
as personalized content, Web
applications, and Software as a
Service (SaaS) solutions;
• SSL Delivery—Enables robust
security, immediate full-
range SSL;
• Whole Site Acceleration—
Combines Cotendo’s three
content acceleration services–
Content Delivery, Dynamic Site
Acceleration, and SSL Delivery–
to ensure easy and seamless
integration for all content delivery
requirements, served from the
same platform;
• CDN Balancer—Balances
performance and cost-of-delivery
by allocating CDN resources based
on geography, time of day, balance
by load versus capacity of the
origin server, and more;
• Advanced Domain Name Service
(ADNS)—Utilizes sophisticated
controls to instantly adjust DNS
configurations, balance traffic
between different resources, and
bolster security by protecting
from Distributed Denial of Service
(DDoS) attacks;
• Site Assure—Monitors core Web
services and other resources,
and automates failover response
to minimize risk and ensure
maximum uptime;
• Real-Time Reporting—Leverages
detailed performance metrics
24/7, for making optimal IT and
business decisions in real time.
Cotendo’s “Secret Sauce”—
Unified Proxy Delivery
The core of the Cotendo Unity
Platform is the Unified Proxy Delivery
Server. To efficiently handle all types
of content (small and large files,
dynamic and static content, and
secure or standard HTTP), Cotendo
developed highly efficient software
that will boost the performance of any
standard server, enabling it to out-
perform any competing server. This
software facilitates efficient handling
of many requests, simultaneously, and
includes a proprietary file system and
I/O management subsystem to enable
high I/O throughput with minimal time
required to fetch a file from the cache,
regardless of its size or type.
Cotendo Content Delivery
Traditional CDNs were designed to
accelerate static objects on a website
by architecting the site to store the
static objects in a different host
location, away from the main site,
CNAME-ing only that host to the CDN
provider. This separation was crucial,
as the CDN handled only the static
pages, and the non-cacheable objects
were served directly from the origin
server. However, this approach is
inherently inefficient, as it requires
modification of the existing site. It is
also error prone as links–internal or
external–may still direct to the
original host.
With Cotendo, all content can be
served from the same server, there
is no effort required to integrate the
CDN to serve the site, and separation
between different types of objects is
not required.
The Cotendo Unity Platform is built on
a real-time content control layer that
isn’t bound by typical hardware or
software constraints. Cotendo’s flexible
software platform was designed from
the ground up for real-time content
control and advanced functionality, to
maximize the key CDN performance
areas of delivery speed and system
efficiency. The resulting Cotendo CDN
easily manages larger volumes of
content with less hardware, yielding
greater performance efficiencies.
MONITORING
SITE
ACCELERA
TION
DYNAM
I
C
D
E LIVERY
NE TW
ORKCO N
TENTSITE
ASSURE
ADVANCEDDNS
CDN
BALANCER
SSL
REA L-TIME
REPORTING
CONFIG
URATION
CONTROL
REAL-TIME REAL-TIME
The Cotendo
Unity Platform
delivers synergies
in accessibility,
simplicity, and agility
that traditional CDNs
cannot produce.

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© 2010 Cotendo, Inc. All rights reserved.
Customer
Origin
End User Requests
Low Latency
High Capacity
Global Network
Optimized connection
eases database load and
maximizes performance
Non-Cachable
Dynamic Content
Web Applications
? Latency
? Capacity
Dynamic Site
Acceleration
Cotendo Content
Delivery and Dynamic
Site Acceleration work
together to seamlessly
deliver both cacheable
static content and
non-cacheable
dynamic content. The
Cotendo Web-based
management interface
provides real-time
setup and unified
management of ALL
Cotendo services.
Cotendo Dynamic
Site Acceleration
Cotendo Dynamic Site Acceleration
(DSA) is a highly efficient and robust
DSA service focused on improving
the delivery of non-cacheable
website content.
DSA provides a high degree of
protocol and connection optimization
that significantly increases delivery
performance of dynamic content from
the origin location to the regionally
closest Cotendo DSA content delivery
location. This acceleration is accom-
plished through protocol and connec-
tion optimization. DSA also decreases
the load on the dynamic content
server and provides much higher ef-
ficiency and leverage of Web applica-
tion assets, relative to the number of
customers supported. The result is
lower Web server load, faster server
response times, and accelerated per-
formance of the connection between
the user and the website.
In addition, Cotendo DSA offers
the flexibility of multiple deploy-
ment methods with asymmetric or
symmetric site acceleration, as well
as a mixed-mode model where both
methods may be used to reflect
different conditions and business rules
in different geographic regions. The
flexibility of choosing acceleration
modes enables online businesses to
balance the costs and benefits of each
mode for a given location and service.
Cotendo SSL
Cotendo SSL provides a wide range
of options for configuring an optimal
secure delivery channel for all Web-
delivered content, whether it is
static or dynamic. As the IP address
resolution of a server is done on the
DNS level, when it is still unknown
whether the requested content is
HTTP or HTTPS, secure traffic going to
the same host cannot be diverted to
another IP address. To overcome this
challenge, traditional CDNs require
modification of the site/application so
that the secured content will be served
from a dedicated (different) host.
With Cotendo SSL, instead of separat-
ing content into several servers and
hosts, Cotendo’s intelligent software
can handle both types of traffic on the
same server, automatically determin-
ing whether or not the content
is SSL protected and handling
it appropriately.
Due to the nature of the SSL protocol,
such as the key exchange process in
the initiation of an SSL session, the
combination of SSL with DSA acceler-
ates dynamic and secure content and
often produces a dramatic reduction
in latency, resulting in the serving of
objects up to 10 times faster than the
origin. This is particularly important in
the E-Commerce checkout process.
Cotendo SSL is
a secure, high-
performance delivery
option for both
Cotendo Content
Delivery and Cotendo
Dynamic Site
Acceleration.
The three, combined,
are the foundation of
Cotendo Whole Site
Acceleration.

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© 2010 Cotendo, Inc. All rights reserved.
The Cotendo CDN and
Site Acceleration Suite
delivers improved
performance, security,
control, agility, and
visibility for websites
and Web applications
for both static and
dynamic content.
Cotendo Whole
Site Acceleration
The Cotendo Whole Site Acceleration
solution combines Content Delivery,
Dynamic Site Acceleration, and Secure
SSL to serve all content from a single
host. A completely integrated system,
Whole Site Acceleration provides easy
integration and seamless handling
of different types of content, accel-
erating all content and applications
delivered by an origin server to an
end customer. Whole Site Acceleration
puts an end to segregation of content
by type, since it serves as a proxy for
all the content provider’s Web traffic.
This combination delivers outstanding
performance, control, agility,
and visibility.
To enable easy integration without
re-architecture of the website,
Cotendo provides Cotendo Views.
Cotendo Views is an advanced
control technology included as a
core component of Cotendo’s Unity
platform. Cotendo Views allows
sophisticated definition, as well
as selective refinement, of object
behavior and handling. It is enabled
by a core software architecture that
anticipates a CDN customer’s require-
ment for granular content control,
unbound from traditional constraints
or methods. Cotendo Views enables
control via both logical and contex-
tual rules for Web object and Web
service behavior, as well as the ability
to layer rules for different contexts or
real-time conditions.
Cotendo Views makes it easy to
integrate a site utilizing DSA, static
content (CDN) and SSL, control-
ling cache parameters, different SSL
deployment methods, and more. All
of the configuration is done on the
central management interface and
requires no modification of the origin
servers or of the website’s code.
Cotendo Advanced DNS
At the heart of fast delivery of online
content is efficient Domain Name
Service (DNS) manipulation. With
Cotendo’s approach for Advanced DNS
management, the required address
is retrieved on the first query. Tradi-
tional CDNs have evolved through a
patch-work of distributed solutions
to highly inefficient DNS services, in
which reaching the correct content
server requires a set of several back-
and-forth queries to get the right
IP address to the right server. This
latency slows the delivery of informa-
tion to end users.
Cotendo’s Advanced DNS (ADNS) is a
high-performance, globally-distributed
DNS service for any website or Web
application, regardless of the physical
location of the server and the
end user.
End User Requests
Customer
Origin
Low Latency
High Performance
Global Deployment
Security
Faster Performance with
common DNS & CDN/DSA
Integrated management with
Content Delivery Manager
Cotendo Dynamic
Site Acceleration
Cotendo CDN
Distributed DNS
Combining Cotendo
ADNS with Site Assure
reflects service
status in real time,
automatically directing
traffic to the right
resource to ensure
business and
service continuity.

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© 2010 Cotendo, Inc. All rights reserved.
The combination
of Whole Site
Acceleration with
Cotendo Site Assure
and Cotendo ADNS
results in optimal
service continuity and
zero downtime.
DNS is a common target of Distrib-
uted Denial of Service (DDoS) attacks
that can take the entire online service
down. Cotendo’s distributed ADNS
service is architected to be highly
redundant and can withhold and block
heavy attacks due to its efficiency
and architecture.
In addition, Cotendo’s Advanced DNS
can balance traffic between different
data centers based on different
policies (geo-proximity, weight, time
of day, or other). For customers
with multiple data centers or origins,
combining ADNS with Cotendo Whole
Site Delivery enables accelerated
delivery of content, allowing Cotendo
servers to efficiently fetch content
from the origin server closest to them.
Cotendo Site Assure
Cotendo Site Assure is a fully custom-
izable, 24X7, smart monitoring, and
automatic failover service. It maintains
maximum origin service availability by
monitoring core websites and applica-
tions from multiple distributed agents,
and implements routing policies based
on monitored conditions of the origin
server. Site Assure simplifies high
availability with easy integration. Site
Assure requires no change to the
Web architecture. It provides rules to
manage out-of-norm events, e.g. the
server is down, the site is down,
or the load on a specific server is
up or down.
Cotendo CDN Balancer
Cotendo CDN Balancer enables the
allocation of Web traffic based on
monetization strategy, business
policies, and IT policies. With its
flexible, Web-based management
console, companies create rules based
on weighted allocation of traffic, user’s
location, time of day, and domain
accessed. Changes to the configura-
tion are reflected immediately, in real
time, on the network. CDN Balancer
can be used not only with Cotendo
Unity Platform services, but also with
existing resources, including other
CDNs, for a multi-vendor strategy,
or with the company’s own
internal resources.
Serve from
Origin
Requests from Rest of World
Requests from Origin Area
Cotendo
CDN Balancer
Cotendo
Content
Delivery
GeoIP
Information
Adjust Load Distribution
in Real Time
Your Own
Resources
Other CDN
Providers
Cotendo CDN Balancer
works with DSA and
the Cotendo Content
Delivery service to
configure the most
efficient and cost-
effective content
delivery resources for
global content delivery
needs, and enables the
creation of customer-
specific, flexible
policies and rules to
most effectively use
a multi-vendor
CDN approach.

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© 2010 Cotendo, Inc. All rights reserved.
Cotendo Real-Time
Reporting
Cotendo Real-Time Reporting is
a Web-based, real-time reporting
system for the Cotendo Unity
Platform. Unlike traditional CDNs
that might take hours or days to
report on content delivery (due to
their patchwork of distributed servers
and applications), Cotendo’s Unity
Platform provides the essential view
of all content delivery activity within
minutes of the occurrence. Real-Time
Reporting provides actionable control
over both the CDN’s performance and
expense. Reports provide an up-to-
date view of data and information
about delivery of content to end users.
Real-Time Reporting provides trans-
parency and visibility to the delivery
process and provides tools to analyze
traffic and make decisions in real time.
In addition, Cotendo provides real-
time, detailed analytics about
search engines’ crawlers’ activities
on websites and the tools to enhance
web performance before Search
Engine Optimization (SEO) rankings
are compromised.
Getting Started Is Fast
And Easy
Fast, straightforward implementation­—
The Cotendo Unity Platform requires
no change to the website and no HTML
code changes or other modifications.
Typical sites are up and running
in minutes.
Unrivaled Customer
Support—An Example
ReadingGlasses.com implemented
Cotendo services–Content Delivery,
Dynamic Site Acceleration, Secure
Sockets Layer (SSL) Acceleration,
and Advanced Domain Name Service
(ADNS)—in September 2009.
Cotendo Real-Time
Reporting works with
each of the Unity
Platform services.
The combination of the
Cotendo Web-based
management interface,
Real-Time Reporting
and services for
monitoring and load
balancing, enable full
control and visibility
of all online traffic
at all times.
“It has been a really
simple process.
Cotendo has taken
ownership of it and,
at every step, if I have
any questions, they
have been immediately
responsive. In our
evaluation of the
major CDN vendors,
Cotendo impressed
us that their support
would be unmatched.
That’s proven to be the
case and it was a huge
factor in our choice
of Cotendo.”
Jason Kyle,
eCommerce Director,
ReadingGlasses.com