Livestock Role in Livelihoods of Poor People

Four legs good, two legs good? Livestock and livelihoods of poor people Animal source foods, food security and climate change: burden, blessing or both? 12 June 2009 Nigel Poole Centre for Development, Environment and Policy SOAS University of London

Outline: livestock and livelihoods ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Livestock outputs and terms * ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],* Adapted from FAO Statistics Division ** Time Magazine, 2008 *** Neumann, Harris and Rogers (2002), and Garnett (2009, p.497) ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],‘ Among poor societies… keeping a goat, a pig or a few chickens can make a critical difference to the adequacy of the diet’ ***

Livestock headcounts * * Adapted from FAO Statistics Division

ILRI: why livestock matter * ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],* ILRI (2009); ** WDR (2008, p.52); *** WDR (2008, p.59)

The livestock revolution in Indonesia * ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],* Australia Indonesia Partnership (2009)

Insurance in Moyale & Dire, Ethiopia * ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],* Bio-medicine.org

Laos: poverty & productivity interventions * ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],* ADB (2008)

Complex systems in the Peruvian Andes * ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],* Kristjanson, Krishna, Radeny, Kuan, Quilca, Sanchez-Urrelo, and Leon-Velarde (2007).

Poverty dynamics and the role of livestock ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Livestock-environment relationships ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],* ILRI (2008).

Non-food outputs: animal traction, transport and poor people’s livelihoods ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],* Ellis (1989, p.53).

Number of draft animals and tractors in the US, 1910-60 * * Olmstead and Rhodes (2001).

US agricultural land & labor productivity indices,1910-1990 * Olmstead and Rhodes (2001)

The impact of the tractor in the US ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],* Olmstead and Rhodes (2001)

Animal traction in poorer countries * : ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],* Starkey (1990).

Animal traction facilitates… ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Other impacts of animal traction… ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Social and cultural aspects * ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],* Köhler-Rollefson and Bräunig (1998).

Lifestyle and diet: the Innu of Labrador * ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],* Samson and Pretty (2006).

Livestock and livelihoods research agenda * * developed from Smith, Khoa and Lorenzen (2005). Industrialisation Diversification for accumulation Specialisation Diversification for semi-subsistence Subsistence/ pastoralists Hunter-gatherers climate change local NR management agriculture people & ‘community’ Complementary/competitive interactions with: Household participation and equity: age & gender effects Multiple functions including foods & food security Systems vary according to the level of dependency & intensity of production

References ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Livestock Role in Livelihoods of Poor People

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