The document discusses innate and learned behaviors in humans and other animals. It provides examples of innate behaviors like taxis and kinesis, and defines different types of learning like classical conditioning, operant conditioning, and imprinting. Experiments on birdsong development demonstrate that birdsong has innate and learned components, and learning is vital for reproduction.

2. Watch the video clip on Facial Expressions from the California Academy of Sciences: (http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5G6ZR5lJgTI)

3. What was the research question of the investigation?

4. What is the effect of the observer on lab-based studies of behaviour?

5. Why did the blind Olympians provide a good model for research?

6. What conclusions could be drawn in the study? Why?

8. Independent variable:

9. Dependent variable – Orthokinesis:

10. Klinokinesis:

11. Controlled variables:

12. Method for collecting sufficient relevant data:

13. The images below show the results of an investigation into orthokinesis and klinokinesis in P. scaber.

14. Calculate klinokinetic and orthokinetic values for each environment.

15. Compare data collected from the cold and warm environments.

16. Conclude on your results in terms of survival and reproduction.

17. Explain how innate behaviours are the product of natural selection.

18. Define learning.

19. Discuss how the process of learning can improve chances of survival, with reference to non-human examples.

21. Birdsong is in part innate and in part learned behaviour.

22. Outline the function of birdsong with regard to sexual selection.

24. Birds raised in captivity are not exposed to adult songs or regional dialects of their own songs. Explain why they will not be reproductively successful if released into the wild.