1. Grammar Bookpart 2. Lola Guinn 5th period

2. Table of Contents: Conditional + Irregulars Perfect tenses Present Past Present perfect irregulars Subjunctive perfect TantoyTan Impersonal se Saber vs.Conocer Los Mandatos Informal/ formal Affirmative Negative Irregular DOP + IOP placement Nosotros Commands Mono Verbs Subjunctive + Irregulars Expressions of Emotion with Present Sub. Trigger Phrases Impersonal Expressions Expressions of Emotion Conjunctions of Time Demonstrative Adjective and Pronouns

3. Conditional + Irregulars Expresses probability, possibility, or conjecture. “would, could, should” These irregulars are the same as future tense

4. Perfect Tenses Prefect tense portrays an action or state as completed and not in progress, from a different point of view It has two parts…. helping verb + past participle 3 main perfect tenses: present perfect, past perfect, and future perfect

5. Present The present perfect is formed by combining the auxiliary verb "has" or "have" with the past participle. Example: He comido- I have eaten.

6. Past Past tense is “had” It has the same endings as the conditional Example: Habíavivido- I had lived.

7. Present Perfect Irregulars Hemospuesto- we have put Han escrito- they have written He abierto- I have opened Ha muerto- she has died Han visto- you all have seen Ha dicho- you (formal) have said Has vuelto- you have returned Hemoshecho- we have done

8. Subjunctive Perfect Subjunctive perfect is the compound tense of the present subjunctive of haber and the past participle of the main verb

9. Tanto & Tan Forming comparisons of equalities with nouns: Tanto (-a,-os,-as) + noun + como Example: Roberto tienetantogalletascomoShakira. Forming comparisons of equalities with adjectives or adverbs: Tan + adj(adverb) + como Example: El libroes tan buenocomo la película.

10. Impersonal ‘Se’ Verb is always in 3rd person and followed by a direct object Se+ 3rd person singular Example: Se hablaespañol.

11. Saber vs.Conocer

12. LosMandatos: Used to directly address someone and give them an order Can be formal or informal Can be nosotros Can be affirmative or negative

13. Informal & Formal

14. Affirmative

15. Negative

16. Irregulars

19. Mono Verbs With affirmativenosotros commands, the final “s” is dropped before adding the pronouns –nos or –se Example: Sentemos + nos = sentémonos Withnegative nosotros commands, the pronoun comes before the verd Example: No nossentemonos

20. Subjunctive The subjunctive is used to express everything but certainty and objectivity Process: Start w/ “yo” form, drop the –o ending, and add the following endings Examples: com + a = coma habl + e = hable

21. Subjunctive Irregulars The irregulars for subjunctive are the car, gar, zars and TVDISHES Examples: Dar dé des dé demos den Estar esté estés esté estemos estén Ir Vaya vayas vaya vayamos Vayan

22. ExampleSentences: Nos alegramos de que te gusten las flores We are happy that you like the flowers Siento que tu no puedas venir mañana Im sorry that you cant come tomorrow Expressions of Emotions with Present Subjunctive

24. Sin que…

25. Negarque…

26. Hastaque…

27. Enraro que…

28. Esmejor que…

29. Es posibleque…

31. Expressions of Emotions

32. Conjuctionsof Time

34. Example: this restaurant = este resturante

36. Example:prefieroésa =that one