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Protect Rama Setu:  for sustainable development   Valmiki ramayana, Sarga 21, Yuddhakandam Describes Rama’s victory over the ocean; he releases the arrow which makes a volcano erupt, resulting in a tsunami. This episode is validated by the heatflow and geotectonic maps of Bharatam in the Rama Setu region. ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Thorium/titanium placer deposits due to churning action of ocean currents, with Rama Setu acting like a sieve or cyclotron  ,[object Object]
Heavy mineral rich Inayam Teri Sand Deposit, Kanyakumari district, Tamil Nadu
Importance of Thorium for Bharat ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Heavy mineral beach placers  (ilmenite, rutile, garnet and monazite)  Kolachel to Kanniyakumari on 75 km.  Vattakottai and Lipuram to Manavalakurichi: 5 to 6 km. With a width of 3 to 5 m from the mouth of Valliyur River. (Data base, GSI)
Richest monazite concentration in the world (32% of world thorium reserves) ,[object Object]
 
1.US Navy operational directive, 23 June 2005 2. Chairman TCPT replies to PMO 30 June 2005  3. Inauguration of SSCP 2 July 2005.   ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Kodiyakkara i Talaimannar Pamban Tirutturaipoondibeach (6000 years) Manamelgudi shoreline (6000 years) Devipattinam Ramanathapuram Uchchipuli Thondi
A volcanic canyon west of Rama Setu, 1 m to 3000 m slope Location map. Inset: bathymetry map of the Gulf of Mannar (reproduced from Murty et al., 1994)   http://www.Setusamudram.in/htmdocs/Articles/cp_rajendran_2.htm
Canyon below the ocean? Question of stability of  any channel on this slope. ,[object Object],[object Object]
Rama’s hotspot Heatflow in  Rama Setu  100 to 180 milliwatt per sq. m. comparable to Himalayan hotsprings Will dredging in the area activate these heat zones?.
 
[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Mannar Volcanics 100 m. old: Rama Setu an ancient submarine canyon collapse
Bore-hole locations on Rama Setu ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Geological, archaeological evidence:  Dept. of Earth Sciences (March 2007)   ,[object Object],[object Object]
Evidence from ISRO and NASA websites ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Tsunami effect: 2,60,000 lives lost Destruction of Aceh island, damage in beaches north of Chennai and Nagapattinam Sea-bed has risen by about 200 m. in some regions 2/3 of the aquatic life and corals devastated in the Biosphere Reserve/Marine National Parks
Seismic activity Indian plate dynamically moves northwards @6 cm. per year resulting in plate tectonics (e.g Bhuj earthquake, Aceh quake). The Indian Ocean in this region is riddled with earthquake fault-lines
Tsuanmi of Dec. 26, 2004 Result of plate tectonics in Sunda plate
Build tsunami protection walls as part of any canal project: example, tsunami wall in Japan
Prof. Tad S. Murthy’s views  ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Rama Setu:  ancient monument of international importance, whether man-made or natural ; even a stone or a cave or a river is a monument under the 1958 Act. From Setu to Himachalam defines the sovereign Bharatam according to the Suvey of India logo since 1767. ,[object Object],[object Object]
Govt. has no plans to declare Ram Setu as national monument  ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Malabar Bowen map (1747) drawn by Netherlands shows Ramarcoil I (that is, Rama temple).
Map drawn by Joseph Parks, Australian Botanical explorer (1788) shows  Ramar Bridge  (Map in Sarasvati Mahal Lib., Thanjavur), the map Hon’ble TR Baalu saw ! ,[object Object]
[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Setu, Setubandha Rameswaram Hampi inscription of Krishnadevaraya Saka 1430 (1508 CE) in  Epigraphica Indica  refers to Rama Setu
Religious and cultural sites, 8th-12th centuries  http://dsal.uchicago.edu/reference/schwartzberg/pager.html?object =071   Schwartzberg Atlas , p. 34.
Islamic expansion and changing Western views of South Asia, 7th-12th centuries  (Al-Biruni’s record)  http://dsal.uchicago.edu/reference/schwartzberg/pager.html?object =070  Schwartzberg Atlas , v. , p. 33.
Puranic India (Bharata)  http://dsal.uchicago.edu/reference/schwartzberg/pager.html?object =064  Schwartzberg Atlas , v. , p. 27.
( ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Research report ,[object Object]
Hon’ble Mu. Karunanidhi cites evidence for Rama Setu, there is also evidence from Sangam literature ,[object Object],[object Object]
‘ setu’ in all bharatiya languages means ‘man-made bund’ ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Evidence from Sangam literature 1.kadunter iraaman udanpun.ar seetaiyaivalittakai arakkan vavviya jnaanr-ainilamcer madaran.i kan.d.a kurangincemmukap perunkil.ai izhaippolindaa anguaar-aa a varunakai yinidu per-r-ikume ( Pur-anaanoor-u paadal 378 )  When Arakkan Ravana abducted Sita who came with Rama, the ornaments removed from her body and thrown by her to the ground, the monkey families adorned themselves erratically with these ornaments. People enjoyed seeing this sight.  2.venve_r- kavuniyar tonmudu ko_d.imuzhangirum pauvam iranku mun tur-aivelpo_r iraaman arumar-aikku avittapal veezh aalam po_lao_viyavintanr-aal iv azhunkaloore ( Akanaanoor-u paadal 70 )  Before Sri Rama embarked upon his journey to Sri Lanka, he sat below a big banyan tree on the banks of the sacred Setu (tiruvan.aikkarai) and was engrossed in conversation with his friends. The birds on the banyan tree were chirping. Sri Rama stopped the chirping by his command. 
Ancient Setu (Aryachakravarti) coins of Jaffna, 13 th  century and Parantaka Chola copper plate (10 th  cent.) (Nagaswamy R. 1979.  Thiruttani and Velanjeri Copper Plates . State Dept. Of Archaeology, Tamilnadu. Madras. See: L’Hernault F. 1978.  L’Iconographie de Subrahmanya au Tamilnad , Institut Francais d’ Indologie. Pondichery, p.111, ph. 63.) The copper plates indicate that Aparajitavarman went to Setutirtha. Setupati coinage, 16 th  and 17 th  century Obverse: Sri Ganapati, seated.Reverse, in Tamil, Se-Tu-Pa-(Ti missing). Tamil script.
Prambananan (Brahmavana), Indonesia
Rama Setu in sculptures (9th and 10th centuries CE) ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Kilakkarai and other places produce s’ankha, a cultural symbol venerated in Bharatiya traditions (West Bengal Dev. Corpn. In Kilakarai has an annual turnover of Rs. 100 crores to procure s’ankha from Rama Setu coastal zone)
Only Bharatam coastline produces s’ankha
S’ankha is unique to Bharatam coastline, not found anywhere else in the world Date of the woman’s burial with ornaments  6500 Years Before Common Era.   Wide shell-bangle and shell ornaments
8,500 year-old S’ankha industry, Gulf of Mannar S’ankha industry thrives in Kilakkarai (Rs. 100 crore annual turnover); s’ankha kr.s’aana (S’ankha cutter) mentioned in Rigveda, Atharvaveda Wide bangle made from a single conch shell and carved with a chevron motif, Harappa; marine shell, Turbinella pyrum   (After Fig. 7.44, Kenoyer, 1998) National Museum, Karachi. 54.3554. HM 13828. Seven shell bangles from burial of an elderly woman, Harappa; worn on the left arm; three on the upper arm and four on the forearm; 6.3 X 5.7 cm to 8x9 cm marine shell, Turbinella pyrum   (After Fig. 7.43, Kenoyer, 1998) Harappa museum. H87-635 to 637; 676 to 679.
Impact on the livelihood of coastal people ,[object Object],[object Object]
Save marine wealth: Vegetarian sea-cow, green turtle ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Setu tirtham ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Traditions ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Rama Setu: destruction status   10 Oct. 2007 46.07% (Palkbay/Palkstrait) 17 Sept. 2007 24.76% (Rama Setu/Adam’s Bridge)      
Project location
Locus of Rama Setu in relation to the coastline   http://sethusamudram.gov.in
Sir AR Mudaliar Committee Report 1956:  Choose  canal , NOT mid-ocean  channel passage ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Nightmare ship salvage operation if Setusamudram is aligned as a mid-ocean channel passage ,[object Object],[object Object]
Project does NOT make  nautical sense ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Eminent Jurists’ views ,[object Object],[object Object]
Court Orders ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Rama Setu -- world heritage ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Why save Rama Setu ? ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Sri Rama and s’ankha naadam Vishnu’s fight with the Rakshasas led by   Malyava a n, Ma a li and Suma a li as narrated in the Uttarkanda of the Ramayana (Canto VI-VIII)   A Terracotta Panel from Bhitargaon  Showing a Ramayana Scene  By P. B anerjee   http://ignca.nic.in/pb0020.htm
Sustainable development alternatives ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Heritage tourism ,[object Object],[object Object]
Rames’varam – holy, jyotirlinga ,[object Object]
Floating stone for Setubandhanam ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

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Ram Setu

  • 1.
  • 2.
  • 3. Heavy mineral rich Inayam Teri Sand Deposit, Kanyakumari district, Tamil Nadu
  • 4.
  • 5. Heavy mineral beach placers (ilmenite, rutile, garnet and monazite) Kolachel to Kanniyakumari on 75 km. Vattakottai and Lipuram to Manavalakurichi: 5 to 6 km. With a width of 3 to 5 m from the mouth of Valliyur River. (Data base, GSI)
  • 6.
  • 7.  
  • 8.
  • 9. Kodiyakkara i Talaimannar Pamban Tirutturaipoondibeach (6000 years) Manamelgudi shoreline (6000 years) Devipattinam Ramanathapuram Uchchipuli Thondi
  • 10. A volcanic canyon west of Rama Setu, 1 m to 3000 m slope Location map. Inset: bathymetry map of the Gulf of Mannar (reproduced from Murty et al., 1994) http://www.Setusamudram.in/htmdocs/Articles/cp_rajendran_2.htm
  • 11.
  • 12. Rama’s hotspot Heatflow in Rama Setu 100 to 180 milliwatt per sq. m. comparable to Himalayan hotsprings Will dredging in the area activate these heat zones?.
  • 13.  
  • 14.
  • 15. Mannar Volcanics 100 m. old: Rama Setu an ancient submarine canyon collapse
  • 16.
  • 17.
  • 18.
  • 19. Tsunami effect: 2,60,000 lives lost Destruction of Aceh island, damage in beaches north of Chennai and Nagapattinam Sea-bed has risen by about 200 m. in some regions 2/3 of the aquatic life and corals devastated in the Biosphere Reserve/Marine National Parks
  • 20. Seismic activity Indian plate dynamically moves northwards @6 cm. per year resulting in plate tectonics (e.g Bhuj earthquake, Aceh quake). The Indian Ocean in this region is riddled with earthquake fault-lines
  • 21. Tsuanmi of Dec. 26, 2004 Result of plate tectonics in Sunda plate
  • 22. Build tsunami protection walls as part of any canal project: example, tsunami wall in Japan
  • 23.
  • 24.
  • 25.
  • 26. Malabar Bowen map (1747) drawn by Netherlands shows Ramarcoil I (that is, Rama temple).
  • 27.
  • 28.
  • 29. Setu, Setubandha Rameswaram Hampi inscription of Krishnadevaraya Saka 1430 (1508 CE) in Epigraphica Indica refers to Rama Setu
  • 30. Religious and cultural sites, 8th-12th centuries http://dsal.uchicago.edu/reference/schwartzberg/pager.html?object =071 Schwartzberg Atlas , p. 34.
  • 31. Islamic expansion and changing Western views of South Asia, 7th-12th centuries (Al-Biruni’s record) http://dsal.uchicago.edu/reference/schwartzberg/pager.html?object =070 Schwartzberg Atlas , v. , p. 33.
  • 32. Puranic India (Bharata) http://dsal.uchicago.edu/reference/schwartzberg/pager.html?object =064 Schwartzberg Atlas , v. , p. 27.
  • 33.
  • 34.
  • 35.
  • 36.
  • 37. Evidence from Sangam literature 1.kadunter iraaman udanpun.ar seetaiyaivalittakai arakkan vavviya jnaanr-ainilamcer madaran.i kan.d.a kurangincemmukap perunkil.ai izhaippolindaa anguaar-aa a varunakai yinidu per-r-ikume ( Pur-anaanoor-u paadal 378 )  When Arakkan Ravana abducted Sita who came with Rama, the ornaments removed from her body and thrown by her to the ground, the monkey families adorned themselves erratically with these ornaments. People enjoyed seeing this sight.  2.venve_r- kavuniyar tonmudu ko_d.imuzhangirum pauvam iranku mun tur-aivelpo_r iraaman arumar-aikku avittapal veezh aalam po_lao_viyavintanr-aal iv azhunkaloore ( Akanaanoor-u paadal 70 )  Before Sri Rama embarked upon his journey to Sri Lanka, he sat below a big banyan tree on the banks of the sacred Setu (tiruvan.aikkarai) and was engrossed in conversation with his friends. The birds on the banyan tree were chirping. Sri Rama stopped the chirping by his command. 
  • 38. Ancient Setu (Aryachakravarti) coins of Jaffna, 13 th century and Parantaka Chola copper plate (10 th cent.) (Nagaswamy R. 1979. Thiruttani and Velanjeri Copper Plates . State Dept. Of Archaeology, Tamilnadu. Madras. See: L’Hernault F. 1978. L’Iconographie de Subrahmanya au Tamilnad , Institut Francais d’ Indologie. Pondichery, p.111, ph. 63.) The copper plates indicate that Aparajitavarman went to Setutirtha. Setupati coinage, 16 th and 17 th century Obverse: Sri Ganapati, seated.Reverse, in Tamil, Se-Tu-Pa-(Ti missing). Tamil script.
  • 40.
  • 41. Kilakkarai and other places produce s’ankha, a cultural symbol venerated in Bharatiya traditions (West Bengal Dev. Corpn. In Kilakarai has an annual turnover of Rs. 100 crores to procure s’ankha from Rama Setu coastal zone)
  • 42. Only Bharatam coastline produces s’ankha
  • 43. S’ankha is unique to Bharatam coastline, not found anywhere else in the world Date of the woman’s burial with ornaments 6500 Years Before Common Era. Wide shell-bangle and shell ornaments
  • 44. 8,500 year-old S’ankha industry, Gulf of Mannar S’ankha industry thrives in Kilakkarai (Rs. 100 crore annual turnover); s’ankha kr.s’aana (S’ankha cutter) mentioned in Rigveda, Atharvaveda Wide bangle made from a single conch shell and carved with a chevron motif, Harappa; marine shell, Turbinella pyrum (After Fig. 7.44, Kenoyer, 1998) National Museum, Karachi. 54.3554. HM 13828. Seven shell bangles from burial of an elderly woman, Harappa; worn on the left arm; three on the upper arm and four on the forearm; 6.3 X 5.7 cm to 8x9 cm marine shell, Turbinella pyrum (After Fig. 7.43, Kenoyer, 1998) Harappa museum. H87-635 to 637; 676 to 679.
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  • 49. Rama Setu: destruction status 10 Oct. 2007 46.07% (Palkbay/Palkstrait) 17 Sept. 2007 24.76% (Rama Setu/Adam’s Bridge)      
  • 51. Locus of Rama Setu in relation to the coastline http://sethusamudram.gov.in
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  • 59. Sri Rama and s’ankha naadam Vishnu’s fight with the Rakshasas led by Malyava a n, Ma a li and Suma a li as narrated in the Uttarkanda of the Ramayana (Canto VI-VIII) A Terracotta Panel from Bhitargaon Showing a Ramayana Scene By P. B anerjee http://ignca.nic.in/pb0020.htm
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